Duke, Norman, and Lee, Shing Yip (2024) 2.4. The diversity of mangroves. Towards an authoritative list of the world’s mangrove plants. Report Section. Global Mangrove Alliance.

Duke, Norman C., Canning, Adam D., and Mackenzie, Jock R. (2024) More intense severe tropical cyclones in recent decades cause greater impacts on mangroves bordering Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. In: Wolanski, Eric, and Kingsford, Michael J., (eds.) Coral Reefs: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 226-253.

Carter, A., McKenna, S., Rasheed, M.A., Taylor, H., van de Wetering, C., Chartrand, K., Reason, C., Collier, C., Shepherd, L., Mellors, J., McKenzie, L., Duke, N.C., Roelofs, A., Smit, N., Groom, R., Barrett, D., Evans, S., Pitcher, R., Murphy, N., Carlisle, M., David, M., Lui, S., Torres Strait Indigenous Rangers, and Coles, R.G. (2024) Seagrass spatial data synthesis from north-east Australia, Torres Strait and Gulf of Carpentaria, 1983 to 2022. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 9 (1). pp. 7-22.

Chung, Christine T.Y., Hope, Pandora, Hutley, Lindsay B., Brown, Josephine, and Duke, Norman C. (2023) Future climate change will increase risk to mangrove health in Northern Australia. Communications Earth & Environment, 4. 192.

Duke, Norman C., Virly, Sabrina, and Tracey, Dieter (2023) New Caledonian mangroves: A treasure to protect. MangroveWatch Publications, Currumbin, Queensland, Australia.

Rajan, P., Duke, N.C., Mathew, S., and Cherian, E. (2022) Bruguiera × rhynchopetala (Rhizophoraceae) newly reported in India, far west of south-east Asian, east Asian and western Pacific regions. Rheedea, 32 (2). pp. 109-119.

Duke, Norman (2022) Climate change killed 40 million Australian mangroves in 2015. Here’s why they’ll probably never grow back. The Conversation, 28 July 2022.

Duke, Norman Clive, Mackenzie, Jock R., Canning, Adam, Hutley, Lindsay B., Bourke, Adam J., Kovacs, John, Cormier, Riley, Staben, Grant, Lymburner, Leo, and Ai, Emma (2022) ENSO-driven extreme oscillations in mean sea level destabilise critical shoreline mangroves—An emerging threat. PLOS Climate, 1 (8). e0000037.

He, Ziwen, Feng, Xiao, Chen, Qipian, Li, Liangwei, Li, Sen, Han, Kai, Guo, Zixiao, Wang, Jiayan, Liu, Min, Shi, Chengcheng, Xu, Shaohua, Shao, Shao, Liu, Xin, Mao, Xiaomeng, Xie, Wei, Wang, Xinfeng, Zhang, Rufan, Li, Guohong, Wu, Weihong, Zheng, Zheng, Zhong, Cairong, Duke, Norman C., Boufford, David E., Fan, Guangyi, Wu, Chung I., Ricklefs, Robert E., and Shi, Suhua (2022) Evolution of coastal forests based on a full set of mangrove genomes. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 6. pp. 738-749.

Wang, Xinfeng, He, Ziwen, Guo, Zixiao, Yang, Ming, Xu, Shaohua, Chen, Qipian, Shao, Shao, Li, Sen, Zhong, Cairong, Duke, Norman C., and Shi, Suhua (2022) Extensive gene flow in secondary sympatry after allopatric speciation. National Science Review, 9 (12). nwac280.

Wang, Zheng-Zhen, Guo, Zi-Xiao, Zhong, Cai-Rong, Lyu, Hao-Min, Li, Xin-Nian, Duke, Norman C., and Shi, Su-Hua (2022) Genomic variation patterns of subspecies defined by phenotypic criteria: analyses of the mangrove species complex, Avicennia marina. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 60 (4). pp. 835-847.

Canning, Adam, and Duke, Norm (2022) Monitoring mangrove threats across the Torres Straits using remote-sensing. Report. TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.

Clough, B., Amir, A.A., Chong, V.C., Duke, N.C., Field, C.D., Kjerfve, B., Lee, S.Y., Sasekumar, A., Wong, S.C., Yong, J.W.H., and Gong, W.K. (2022) OBITUARY Dr. Ong Jin Eong (August 28, 1943–August 5, 2021). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 266. 107746.

Duke, Norman C., McKenzie, Jock, Canning, Adam, Kovacs, John, Cormier, Riley, and Castle, Ysabel (2022) PCPA CHAMP – Port Curtis and Port Alma coastal habitat archive and monitoring program – Final Report. Report. TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.

Zimmer, Martin, Ajonina, Gordon N., Amir, A. Aldrie, Crgagg, Simon M., Crooks, Stephen, Dahdouh-guebas, Farid, Duke, Norman C., Fratini, Sara, Friess, Daniel A., Helfer, Véronique, Huxham, Mark, Kathiresan, Kandasamy, Kodikara, K.A. Sunada, Koedam, Nico, Lee, Shing Yip, Mangora, Mwita M., Primavera, Jurgenne, Satyanarayana, Behara, Yong, Jean Wan Hong, and Wodehouse, Dominic (2022) When nature needs a helping hand: Different levels of human intervention for mangrove (re-)establishment. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5. 784322.

Gauthey, Alice, Backes, Diana, Balland, Jeff, Alam, Iftakharul, Maher, Damien T., Cernusak, Lucas A., Duke, Norman C., Medlyn, Belinda E., Tissue, David T., and Choat, Brendan (2022) The role of hydraulic failure in a massive mangrove die-off event. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. 822136.

Bergstrom, Dana M., Wienecke, Barbara C., van der Hoff, John, Hughes, Lesley, Lindenmayer, David, Ainsworth, Tracy, Baker, Christopher M., Bland, Lucie, Bowman, David, Brooks, Shaun T., Canadell, Josep G., Constable, Andrew J., Dafforn, Katherine A., Depledge, Michael H., Dickson, Catherine R., Duke, Norman, Helmstedt, Kate J., Holz, Andres, Johnson, Craig, Mcgeoch, Melodie, Melbourne-thomas, Jessica, Morgain, Rachel, Nicholson, Emily, Prober, Suzanne, Raymond, Ben, Ritchie, Euan, Robinson, Sharon, Ruthrof, Katinka X., Setterfield, Samantha A., Sgro, Carla M., Stark, Jonathan S., Travers, Toby, Trebilco, Rowan, Ward, Delphi F.L., Wardle, Glenda, Williams, Kristen, Zylstra, Phillip J., and Shaw, Justine D. (2021) Ecosystem collapse from the tropics to the Antarctic: an assessment and response framework. Global Change Biology, 27. pp. 1692-1703.

Hardesty, Britta Denise, Roman, Lauren, Duke, Norman C., Mackenzie, Jock R., and Wilcox, Chris (2021) Abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear ‘ghost nets’ are increasing through time in Northern Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 173. 112959.

Bergstrom, Dana, Wienecke, Barbara C., van den Hoff, John, Hughes, Lesley, Lindenmayer, David B., Ainsworth, Tracy D., Baker, Christopher M., Bland, Lucie, Bowman, David M.J.S., Brooks, Shaun T., Canadell, Josep G., Constable, Andrew J., Dafforn, Katherine, Depledge, Michael H., Dickson, Catherine, Duke, Norman C., Helmstedt, Kate J., Holz, Andres, Johnson, Craig R., McGeoch, Melodie A., Melbourne-thomas, Jessica, Morgain, Rachel, Nicholson, Emily, Prober, Suzanne M., Raymond, Ben, Ritchie, Euan G., Robinson, Sharon A., Ruthrof, Katinka X., Setterfield, Samantha A., Sgro, Carla M., Stark, Jonathan S., Travers, Toby, Trebilco, Rowan, Ward, Delphi F.L., Wardle, Glenda M., Williams, Kristen J., Zylstra, Phillip J., and Shaw, Justine D. (2021) Combating ecosystem collapse from the tropics to the Antarctic. Global Change Biology, 27. pp. 1692-1703.

Abhik, Santra, Hope, Pandora, Hendon, Harry H., Hutley, Lindsay B., Johnson, Stephanie, Drosdowsky, Wasyl, Brown, Josephine R, and Duke, Norman C. (2021) Influence of the 2015–2016 El Niño on the record‑breaking mangrove dieback along northern Australia coast. Scientific Reports, 11. 20411.

Zhang, Rufan, Guo, Zixiao, Fang, Lu, Zhong, Cairong, Duke, Norman C., and Shi, Suhua (2021) Population subdivision promoted by a sea-level-change-driven bottleneck: A glimpse from the evolutionary history of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum. Molecular Ecology, 31 (3). pp. 780-797.

Duke, Norman C., Hutley, Lindsay B., Mackenzie, Jock R., and Burrows, Damien (2021) Processes and factors driving change in mangrove forests: an evaluation based on the mass dieback event in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria. In: Canadell, Josep G., and Jackson, Robert B., (eds.) Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change. Ecological Studies, 241 . Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 221-264.

Friess, Daniel, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Satyanarayana, Behara, Cannicci, Stefano, Chua, Siew Chin, Duke, Norman, Feller, Ilka, Jaafer, Zeehan, Jayatissa, L.P., Koedam, Nico, Krauss, Ken, Lee, Shing Yip, Pineda, Jose Ernesto Mancera, Ruwa, Renison, Vannini, Marco, and Yando, Erik S. (2021) Scientific contributions of the Mangrove Macrobenthos and Management (MMM) conference series, 2000–2019. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 248. 106742.

He, Ziwen, Xu, Shaohua, Zhang, Zhang, Guo, Wuxia, Lyu, Haomin, Zhong, Cairong, Boufford, David E., Duke, Norman C., The International Mangrove Consortium, and Shi, Suhua (2020) Convergent adaptation of the genomes of woody plants at the land-sea interface. National Science Review, 7 (6). pp. 978-993.

Allard, Sarah M., Costa, Matthew T., Bulseco, Ashley N., Helfer, Véronique, Wilkins, Laetitia G.E., Hassenrück, Christiane, Zengler, Karsten, Zimmer, Martin, Erazo, Natalia, Mazza Rodrigues, Jorge L., Duke, Norman, Melo, Vânia M.M., Vanwonterghem, Inka, Junca, Howard, Makonde, Huxley M., Jiménez, Diego Javier, Tavares, Tallita C.L., Fusi, Marco, Daffonchio, Daniele, Duarte, Carlos M., Peixoto, Raquel S., Rosado, Alexandre S., Gilbert, Jack A., and Bowman, Jeff (2020) Introducing the mangrove microbiome initiative: identifying microbial research priorities and approaches to better understand, protect, and rehabilitate mangrove ecosystems. mSystems, 5 (5). e0065820.

Duke, Norman (2020) Mangrove harbingers of coastal degradation seen in their responses to global climate change coupled with ever-increasing human pressures. Human Ecology Journal of the Commonwealth Human Ecology Council – Mangrove Special Issue, 30 (April 2020). pp. 19-23.

Dahdouh-guebas, Farid, Ajonina, Gordon N., Amir, A. Aldrie, Andradi-brown, Dominic A., Aziz, Irfan, Balke, Thorsten, Barbier, Edward B., Cannicci, Stefano, Cragg, Simon M., Cunha-Lignon, Marília, Curnick, David J., Duarte, Carlos M., Duke, Norman C., Endsor, Charlie, Fratini, Sara, Feller, Ilka C., Fromard, François, Hugé, Jean, Huxham, Mark, Kairo, James G., Kajita, Tadashi, Kathiresan, Kandasamy, Koedam, Nico, Lee, Shing Yip, Lin, Hsing-Juh, Mackenzie, Jock R., Mangora, Mwita M., Marchand, Cyril, Meziane, Tarik, Minchinton, Todd E., Pettorelli, Nathalie, Polanía, Jaime, Polgar, Gianluca, Poti, Meenakshi, Primavera, Jurgenne, Quarto, Alfredo, Rog, Stefanie M., Satyanarayana, Behara, Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara, Spalding, Mark D., Van der Stocken, Tom, Wodehouse, Dominic, Yong, Jean W.H., Zimmer, Martin, and Friess, Daniel A. (2020) Public perceptions of mangrove forests matter for their conservation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. 603651.

Younes, Nicolas, Northfield, Tobin D., Joyce, Karen E., Maier, Stefan W., Duke, Norman C., and Lymburner, Leo (2020) A novel approach to modelling mangrove phenology from satellite images: a case study from Northern Australia. Remote Sensing, 12 (24). 4008.

Duke, N.C. (2020) A systematic revision of the vulnerable mangrove genus Pelliciera (Tetrameristaceae) in equatorial America. Blumea, 65. pp. 107-120.

Amir, A. Aldrie, and Duke, Norman C. (2019) Distinct characteristics of canopy gaps in the subtropical mangroves of Moreton Bay, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 222. pp. 66-80.

Duke, N.C., and Larkum, A.W.D. (2019) Mangroves and seagrasses. In: Hutchings, Pat, Kingsford, Michael, and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, (eds.) The Great Barrier Reef: biology, environment and management. CSIRO, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 219-228.

Duke, Norman C., Field, Colin, Mackenzie, Jock R., Meynecke, Jan-Olaf, and Wood, Apanie L. (2019) Rainfall and its possible hysteresis effect on the proportional cover of tropical tidal wetland mangroves and saltmarsh-saltpans. Marine and Freshwater Research, 70. pp. 1047-1055.

Salmo, Severino G., Tibbetts, Ian R., and Duke, Norman C. (2019) Recolonization of mollusc assemblages in mangrove plantations damaged by Typhoon Chan-hom in the Philippines. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 228. 106365.

Carter, Alexandra, Coles, Robert, Grech, Alana, McKenna, Skye, Rasheed, Michael, McKenzie, Len, and Duke, Norman (2019) Spatial data as a baseline for managing coastal seagrasses in Queensland, Australia. In: [Presented at the CERF Biennial Conference]. From: The 25th Biennial CERF Conference, 3–7 November, 2019, Mobile, AL, USA.

He, Ziwen, Li, Xinnian, Yang, Ming, Wang, Xinfeng, Zhong, Cairong, Duke, Norman C., Shi, Suhua, and Wu, Chung-I (2019) Speciation with gene flow via cycles of isolation and migration: insights from multiple mangrove taxa. National Science Review, 6 (2). pp. 275-288.

Guo, Zixiao, Li, Xinnian, He, Ziwen, Yang, Yuchen, Wang, Wenqing, Zhong, Cairong, Greenberg, Anthony J., Wu, Chung-I, Duke, Norman C., and Shi, Suhua (2018) Extremely low genetic diversity across mangrove taxa reflects past sea level changes and hints at poor future responses. Global Change Biology, 24 (4). pp. 1741-1748.

Harris, R.M.B., Beaumont, L.J., Vance, T.R., Tozer, C.R., Remenyi, T.A., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.E., Mitchell, P.J., Nicotra, A.B., McGregor, S., Andrew, N.R., Letnic, M., Kearney, M.R., Wernberg, T., Hutley, L.B., Chambers, L.E., Fletcher, M.-S., Keatley, M.R., Woodward, Clifford, Williamson, G., Duke, N.C., and Bowman, D.M.J.S. (2018) Biological responses to the press and pulse of climate trends and extreme events. Nature Climate Change, 8. pp. 579-587.

Duke, N.C., and Kudo, H. (2018) Bruguiera × dungarra, a new hybrid between mangrove species B. exaristata and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae) recently discovered in north-east Australia. Blumea, 63. pp. 279-285.

Duke, Norman C., and Mackenzie, Jock (2018) ECY Report 2017. Final report: East Cape York shoreline environmental surveys. External Commissioned Report. James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.

Salmo, Severino G., Tibbetts, Ian R., and Duke, Norman C. (2018) Nekton communities as indicators of habitat functionality in Philippine mangrove plantations. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69 (3). pp. 477-485.

Xu, Shaohua, He, Ziwen, Zhang, Zhang, Guo, Zixiao, Guo, Wuxia, Lyu, Haomin, Li, Jianfang, Yang, Ming, Du, Zhenglin, Huang, Yelin, Zhou, Renchao, Zhong, Cairong, Boufford, David E., Lerdau, Manuel, Wu, Chung-I, Duke, Norman C., The International Mangrove Consortiom, and Shi, Suhua (2017) The origin, diversification and adaptation of a major mangrove clade (Rhizophoreae) revealed by whole-genome sequencing. National Science Review, 4 (5). pp. 721-734.

Yang, Yuchen, Li, Jianfang, Yang, Shuhuan, Li, Xinnian, Fang, Lu, Zhong, Cairong, Duke, Norman C., Zhou, Renchao, and Shi, Suhua (2017) Effects of Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations on mangrove population dynamics: a lesson from Sonneratia alba. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17. 22. pp. 1-14.

Duke, Norman (2017) Climate calamity along Australia's gulf coast. Landscape Architecture Australia, 153. pp. 66-71.

Harris, Todd, Hope, Pandora, Oliver, Eric, Smalley, Robert, Arblaster, Julie, Holbrook, Neil, Duke, Norman, Pearce, Karen, Braganza, Karl, and Bindoff, Nathaniel (2017) Climate drivers of the 2015 Gulf of Carpentaria mangrove dieback. Report. Bureau of Meteorology, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Salmo III, Severino G., Tibbetts, Ian, and Duke, Norman C. (2017) Colonization and shift of mollusc assemblages as a restoration indicator in planted mangroves in the Philippines. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26 (4). pp. 865-881.

Van Oosterzee, Penny, and Duke, Norman (2017) Extreme weather likely behind worst recorded mangrove dieback in northern Australia. The Conversation, 14 March 2017. pp. 1-6.

Duke, Norman C., Kovacs, John M., Griffiths, Anthony D., Preece, Luke, Hill, Duncan J. E., Van Oosterzee, Penny, Mackenzie, Jock, Morning, Hailey S., and Burrows, Damien (2017) Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria: a severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event. Marine and Freshwater Research, 68 (10). MF16322. pp. 1816-1829.

Duke, Norman (2017) Love at low tide: why mangroves deserve our admiration. Wildlife Australia, 54 (3). pp. 29-33.

Duke, Norman C. (2017) Mangrove floristics and biogeography revisited: further deductions from biodiversity hot spots, ancestral discontinuities and common evolutionary processes. In: Rivera-Monroy, Victor H., Lee, Shing Yip, Kristensen, Erik, and Twilley, Robert R., (eds.) Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective - Structure, Function and Services. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 17-53.

Albert, Simon, Saunders, Megan I., Roelfsema, Chris M., Leon, Javier X., Johnstone, Elizabeth, Mackenzie, Jock R., Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, Grinham, Alistair R., Phinn, Stuart R., Duke, Norman C, Mumby, Peter J., Kovacs, Eva, and Woodroffe, Colin D. (2017) Winners and losers as mangrove, coral and seagrass ecosystems respond to sea-level rise in Solomon Islands. Environmental Research Letters, 12 (9). 094009. pp. 1-11.

Li, Xinnian, Duke, Norman C., Yang, Yuchen, Huang, Lishi, Zhu, Yuxiang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhou, Renchao, Zhong, Cairong, Huang, Yelin, and Sia, Suhua (2016) Re-evaluation of phylogenetic relationships among species of the mangrove genus Avicennia from Indo-West Pacific based on multilocus analyses. PLoS ONE, 11 (10). e0164453. pp. 1-14.

Rogers, Kerrylee, Boon, Paul I., Branigan, Simon, Duke, Norman C., Field, Colin D., Fitzsimons, James A., Kirkman, Hugh, Mackenzie, Jock R., and Saintilan, Neil (2016) The state of legislation and policy protecting Australia's mangrove and salt marsh and their ecosystem services. Marine Policy, 72. pp. 139-155.

Yan, Yu-Bin, Duke, Norm C., and Sun, Mei (2016) Comparative analysis of the pattern of population genetic diversity in three Indo-West Pacific Rhizophora mangrove species. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. 1434. pp. 1-17.

Duke, Norman C. (2016) Oil spill impacts on mangroves: recommendations for operational planning and action based on a global review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109 (2). pp. 700-715.

Yang, Yuchen, Duke, Norman C., Peng, Fangfang, Li, Jianfang, Yang, Shuhuan, Zhong, Cairong, Zhou, Renchao, and Shi, Suhua (2016) Ancient geograpical barriers drive differentiation among Sonneratia caseolaris populations and recent divergence from S. Ianceolata. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. 1618. pp. 1-14.

Cooper, W.E., Kudo, H., and Duke, Norman C. (2016) Bruguiera hainesii C.G.Rogers (Rhizophoraceae), an endangered species recently discovered in Australia. Austrobaileya, 9 (4). pp. 481-488.

Guo, Zixiao, Huang, Yelin, Chen, Yongmei, Duke, Norman C., Zhong, Cairong, and Shi, Sugua (2016) Genetic discontinuities in a dominant mangrove Rhizophora apiculata (Rhizophoraceae) in the Indo-Malesian region. Journal of Biogeography, 43. pp. 1856-1868.

Mackenzie, Jock R., Duke, Norman C., and Wood, Apanie L. (2016) The Shoreline Video Assessment Method (S-VAM): using dynamic hyperlapse image acquisition to evaluate shoreline mangrove forest structure, values, degradation and threats. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109 (2). pp. 751-763.

Duke, Norman C., Mackenzie, Jock, Wood, Apanie, and Burrows, Damien (2015) New partnership network helps to protect Australian mangroves and saltmarsh. Wetlands Australia, National Wetlands Update (27). pp. 48-50.

Schmitt, Klaus, and Duke, Norman C. (2015) Mangrove management, assessment and monitoring. In: Pancel, Laslo, and Köhl, Michael, (eds.) Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-29.

Duke, Norman C., and Schmitt, Klaus (2015) Mangroves: unusual forests at the seas edge. In: Pancel, Laslo, and Köhl, Michael, (eds.) Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-24.

Salmo III, Severino G., Lovelock, Catherine E., and Duke, Norman C. (2014) Assessment of vegetation and soil conditions in restored mangroves interrupted by severe tropical typhoon 'Chan-hom' in the Philippines. Hydrobiologia, 733 (1). pp. 85-102.

Lo, Eugenia Y.Y., Duke, Norman C., and Sun, Mei (2014) Phylogeographic pattern of Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae) reveals the importance of both vicariance and long-distance oceanic dispersal to modern mangrove distribution. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14. 83. pp. 1-15.

Hilbert, David W., Hill, Rosemary, Moran, Catherine, Turton, Stephen M., Bohnet, Iris C., Marshall, Nadine A., Pert, Petina L., Stoeckl, Natalie, Murphy, Helen T., Reside, April E., Laurance, Susan G.W., Alamgir, Mohammed, Coles, Rob, Crowley, Gabriel, Curnock, Matt, Dale, Allan, Duke, Norman C., Esparon, Michelle, Farr, Marina, Gillet, Sarah, Gooch, Margaret, Fuentes, Mariana, Hamann, Mark, James, Cassandra S., Kroon, Frederieke J., Larson, Silva, Lyons, Pethie, Marsh, Helene, Meyer Steiger, Dagmar, Sheaves, Marcus, and Westcott, David (2014) Climate change issues and impacts in the Wet Tropics NRM cluster region. Report. James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.

Hilbert, David W., Hill, Rosemary, Moran, Catherine, Turton, Steve M., Bohnet, Iris C., Marshall, Nadine A., Pert, Petina L., Stoeckl, Natalie, Murphy, Helen T., Reside, April E., Laurance, Susan G.W., Alamgir, Mohammed, Coles, Rob, Crowley, Gabriel, Curnock, Matthew, Dale, Allan, Duke, Norman C., Esparon, Michelle, Farr, Marina, Gillet, Sarah, Gooch, Margaret, Fuentes, Marianna, Hamann, Mark, James, Cassandra S., Kroon, Frederieke J., Larson, Silva, Lyons, Pethie, Marsh, Helene, Meyer Steiger, Dagmar, Sheaves, Marcus, and Westcott, David A. (2014) Key messages extracted from the Synthesis of Climate Change Issues and Impacts in the Wet Tropics NRM Cluster Region. Report. James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.

Duke, Norman (2014) Mangrove coast. In: Harff, Jan, Meschede, Martin, Petersen, Sven, and Thiede, Jörn, (eds.) Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series . Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 412-422.

Duke, Norman, Nagelkerken, Ivan, Agardy, Tundi, Wells, Sue, and Van Lavieren, Hanneke (2014) The importance of mangroves to people: a call to action. Report. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.

Salmo, Severino G., Lovelock, Catherine, and Duke, Norman C. (2013) Vegetation and soil characteristics as indicators of restoration trajectories in restored mangroves. Hydrobiologia, 720 (1). pp. 1-18.

Nguyen, Hai-Hoa , McAlpine, Clive, Pullar, David, Johansen, Kasper, and Duke, Norman C. (2013) The relationship of spatial-temporal changes in fringe mangrove extent and adjacent land-use: case study of Kien Giang coast, Vietnam. Ocean & Coastal Management, 76. pp. 12-22.

Duke, Norm (2012) Mangroves of South-East Australia. In: Sainty, Geoff, Hosking, John, Carr, Geoff, and Adam, Paul, (eds.) Estuary plants and what's happening to them in south-east Australia. Sainty and Associates, Potts Point, Sydney, pp. 132-139.

Duke, N.C., and Ge, X.-J. (2011) Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae) in the Indo-West Pacific: a morphometric assessment of hybridization within single-flowered taxa. Blumea, 56 (1). pp. 36-48.

Duke, Norman C. (2011) Joseph Banks (1743-1820). In: Hopley, David, (ed.) Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs. Structure, Form and Process. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series . Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 96-97.

Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley, Schwarz, Anne-Maree, Boyle, Linda Ng, Albert, Joelle, Agalo, Stephen Suti, Warren, Regon, Bana, Andrew, Paul, Chris, Kodosiku, Ringo, Bosma, Wilko, Yee, Douglas, Rönnbäck, Patrik, Crona, Beatrice, and Duke, Norm (2011) Mangrove ecosystem services and the potential for carbon revenue programmes in Solomon Islands. Environmental Conservation, 38 (4). pp. 485-496.

Duke, Norman C. (2011) Mangrove islands. In: Hopley, David, (ed.) Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs. Structure, Form and Process. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 653-655.

Mackenzie, Jock, Duke, Norman, Baba, Karin, Wood, Apanie, Rogers, Britt, Haller, Alex, and O'Mara, Julian (2011) MangroveWatch Burnett Mary region is one year old: outcomes and lessons learned. Wetlands Australia, National Wetlands Update, 19. pp. 26-27.

Duke, Norman C. (2011) Mangroves. In: Hopley, David C., (ed.) Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs. Structure, Form and Process. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series . Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 655-663.

Zhou, Renchao, Ling, Shaoping, Zhao, Wenming, Osada, Naoki, Chen, Sufang, Zhang, Meng, He, Ziwen, Bao, Hua, Zhong, Cairong, Zhang, Bing, Lu, Xuemei, Turissini, David, Duke, Norman C., Lu, Jian, Shi, Suhua, and Wu, Chung-I (2011) Population genetics in nonmodel organisms: II. natural selection in marginal habitats revealed by deep sequencing on dual platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28 (10). pp. 2833-2842.

Giri, C., Ochieng, E., Tieszen, L.L., Zhu, Z., Singh, A., Loveland, T., Masek, J., and Duke, N. (2011) Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Global Ecology and Biogeography , 20 (1). pp. 154-159.

Polidoro, Beth A., Carpenter, Kent E., Collins, Lorna, Duke, Norman C., Ellison, Aaron M., Ellison, Joanna C., Farnsworth, Elizabeth J., Fernando, Edwino S., Kathiresan, Kandasamy, Koedam, Nico E., Livingstone, Suzanne, Miyagi, Toyohiko, Moore, Gregg E., Nam, Vien Ngoc, Ong, Jin Eong, Primavera, Jurgenne H., Salmo, Severino G., Sanciangco, Jonnell C., Sukardjo, Sukristijono, Wang, Yamin, and Hong Yong, Jean Wan (2010) The loss of species: mangrove extinction risk and geographic areas of global concern. PLoS ONE, 5 (4). e10095. pp. 1-10.

Salmo, Severino G., and Duke, Norman C. (2010) Establishing mollusk colonization and assemblage patterns in planted mangrove stands of different ages in Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 18 (6). pp. 745-754.

Duke, N.C. (2010) Overlap of eastern and western mangroves in the South-western Pacific: hybridization of all three Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae) combinations in New Caledonia. Blumea, 55 (2). pp. 171-188.

Duke, Norm, and Mackenzie, Jock (2010) Pioneering mangrove monitoring program partners experts with the community. Wetlands Australia, National Wetlands Update, 18. pp. 24-25.

Berger, Uta, Rivera-Monroy, Victor H., Doyle, Thomas W., Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Duke, Norman C., Fontalvo-Herazo, Martha L., Hildenbrandt, Hanno, Koedam, Nico, Mehlig, Ulf, Piou, Cyril, and Twilley, Robert R. (2008) Advances and limitations of individual-based models to analyze and predict dynamics of mangrove forests: a review. Aquatic Botany, 89 (2). pp. 260-274.

Duke, Norman C. (2008) Conservation and management of mangroves in Australasia. In: Proceedings of the International Conferencea and Exhibition on the Mangroves of Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. pp. 26-38. From: International Conference and Exhibition on the Mangroves of Indian and Western Pacific Oceans, 21-24 August 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Meynecke, J-O., Lee, S.Y., and Duke, N.C. (2008) Linking spatial metrics and fish catch reveals the importance of coastal wetland connectivity to inshore fisheries in Queensland, Australia. Biological Conservation, 141 (4). pp. 981-996.

Bouillon, Steven, Borges, Alberto V., Castañeda-Moya, Edward, Diele, Karen, Dittmar, Thorsten, Duke, Norman C., Kristensen, Erik, Lee, Shing Y., Marchand, Cyril, Middelburg, Jack J., Rivera-Monroy, Victor H., Smith, Thomas, and Twilley, Robert R. (2008) Mangrove production and carbon sinks: a revision of global budget estimates. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22 (2). GB2013.

Duke, N.C., and Larkum, A.W.D. (2008) Mangroves and seagrasses. In: Hutchings, Pat, Kingsford, Mike, and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, (eds.) The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, pp. 156-170.

Gilman, Eric L., Ellison, Joanna, Duke, Norman C., and Field, Colin (2008) Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options: a review. Aquatic Botany, 89 (2). pp. 237-250.

Duke, N.C., Meynecke, J.-O., Dittmann, S., Ellison, A.M., Anger, K., Berger, U., Cannicci, S., Diele, K., Ewel, K.C., Field, C.D., Koedam, N., Lee, S.Y., Marchand, C., Nordhaus, I., and Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2007) A world without mangroves? Science, 317. pp. 41-42.

Meynecke, Jan-Olaf, Lee, Shing Yip, Duke, Norman C., and Warnken, Jan (2007) Relationships between estuarine habitats and coastal fisheries in Queensland, Australia. Bulletin of Marine Science, 80 (3). pp. 773-793.

Jupiter, Stacy D., Potts, Donald C., Phinn, Stuart R., and Duke, Norman C. (2007) Natural and anthropogenic changes to mangrove distributions in the Pioneer River Estuary (Queensland, Australia). Wetlands Ecology and Management, 15 (1). pp. 51-62.

Duke, Norman C., and Allen, James A. (2006) Atlantic-East Pacific red mangroves: Rhizophora mangle, R. samoensis, R. racemosa, R. X harrisonii. In: Elevitch, Craig R., (ed.) Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii, pp. 1-18.

Duke, Norman (2006) Australia's Mangroves: an authoritative guide to Australia’s mangrove plants. University of Queensland and Norman C. Duke, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Meynecke, Jan-Olaf, Lee, Shing Yip, Duke, Norman, and Warnken, Jan (2006) Effect of rainfall as a component of climate change on estuarine fish production in Queensland, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 69 (3-4). pp. 491-504.

Duke, Norman C. (2006) Indo-West Pacific stilt mangroves: Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, R. X annamalai, R. X lamarckii. In: Elevitch, Craig R., (ed.) Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii, pp. 641-660.

Allen, James A., and Duke, Norman C. (2006) Large-leafed mangrove: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. In: Elevitch, Craig R., (ed.) Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii, pp. 1-15.

Bell, Alicia M., and Duke, Norman C. (2005) Effects of Photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides on mangroves: preliminary toxicology trials. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51 (1-4). pp. 297-307.

McMahon, Kathryn, Bengston-Nash, Susan, Eaglesham, Geoff, Müller, Jochen F., Duke, Norman C., and Winderlich, Steve (2005) Herbicide contamination and the potential impact to seagrass meadows in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51 (1-4). pp. 325-334.

Duke, Norman C., Bell, Alicia M., Pedersen, Dan K., Roelfsema, Chris M., and Bengston Nash, Susan (2005) Herbicides implicated as the cause of severe mangrove dieback in the Mackay region, NE Australia: consequences for marine plant habitats of the GBR World Heritage Area. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51 (1-4). pp. 308-324.

Schaffelke, Britta, Mellors, Jane, and Duke, Norman C. (2005) Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51 (1-4). pp. 279-296.

Jupiter, Stacy, Phinn, Stuart, Duke, Norman, and Potts, Donald (2004) Changing mangrove distributions in the Pioneer estuary (Queensland, Australia): evaluating a technique for monitoring mangrove health. In: Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium (2) pp. 1727-1731. From: 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, June 28 - July 2, 2004, Okinawa, Japan.

Duke, Norman, and Watkinson, Andrew J. (2002) Chlorophyll-deficient propagules of Avicennia marina and apparent longer term deterioration of mangrove fitness in oil-polluted sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44 (11). pp. 1269-1276.

Duke, Norman C. (2002) Sustained high levels of foliar herbivory of the mangrove Rhizophora stylosa by a moth larva Doratifera stenosa (Limacodidae) in north-eastern Australia. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 10 (5). pp. 403-419.

Duke, Norman C., Lo, Eugenia Yuk Ying, and Sun, Mei (2002) Global distribution and genetic discontinuities of mangroves: emerging patterns in the evolution of Rhizophora. Trees, 16 (2). pp. 65-79.

Wolanski, Eric, and Duke, Norman (2002) Mud threat to the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. In: Healy, Terry, Wang, Ying, and Healy, Judy-Ann, (eds.) Muddy Coasts of the World: processes, deposits and function. Proceedings in Marine Science, 5 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 533-542.

Duke, Norman C. (2001) Gap creation and regenerative processes driving diversity and structure of mangrove ecosystems. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 9 (3). pp. 257-269.

Duke, Norman (2001) Mangrove phenologies and the factors influencing them in the Australasian region. In: De Lacerda, Luiz-Drude, (ed.) Mangrove Ecosystems: Function and Management. Environmental Science . Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 217-233.

Duke, Norman, and Wolanski, Eric (2001) Muddy coastal waters and depleted mangrove coastlines - depleted seagrass and coral reefs. In: Wolanski, Eric, (ed.) Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: physical and biology links in the Great Barrier Reef. CRC Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 77-91.

Allen, James A., Krauss, Ken W., Duke, Norman C., Herbst, Derral R., Björkman, Olle, and Shih, Connie (2000) Bruguiera species in Hawai'i: systematic considerations and ecological implications. Pacific Science, 54 (4). pp. 331-343.

Duke, Norman C., Burns, Kathryn A., Swannell, Richard P.J., Dalhaus, Otto, and Rupp, Roland J. (2000) Dispersant use and a bioremediation strategy as alternate means of reducing the impact of large oil spills on mangrove biota in Australia: the Gladstone field trials. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41 (7-12). pp. 403-412.

Ramsay, Michelle A., Swannell, Richard P.J., Shipton, Warren A., Duke, Norman C., and Hill, Russell T. (2000) Effect of bioremediation on the microbial community in oiled mangrove sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41 (7-12). pp. 413-419.

Burns, K.A., Codi, S., and Duke, N.C. (2000) Gladstone, Australia field studies: weathering and degradation of hydrocarbons in oiled mangrove and salt marsh sediments with and without the application of an experimental bioremediation protocol. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41 (7-12). pp. 392-402.

Burns, K.A., Cody, S., Swannell, R.J.P., and Duke, N.C. (1999) Assessing the oil degradation potential of endogenous micro-organisms in tropical marine wetland. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 3 (2). pp. 67-83.

Duke, Norman C., Pinzon, Zuleika S., and Prada, Martha C. (1999) Recovery of tropical mangrove forests following a major oil spill: a study of recruitment and growth, and the benefits of planting. In: Yáñez-Arancibia, A., and Lara-Domínguez, A.L., (eds.) Ecosistemas de Manglar en América Tropical / Mangrove Ecosystems in Tropical America. Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, México, pp. 231-254.

Duke, Norman, and Khan, M. Ajmal (1999) Structure and composition of the seaward mangrove forest at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, Hong Kong. In: The mangrove ecosystem of Deep Bay and the Mai Po marshes, Hong Kong : proceedings of the International Workshop on the Mangrove Ecosystem of Deep Bay and the Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong. pp. 83-104. From: International Workshop on the Mangrove Ecosystem of Deep Bay and the Mai Po Marshes, 3-20 September 1993, Hong Kong.

Burns, Kathy, Codi, Susan, Pratt, Catherine, and Duke, Norman (1999) Weathering of hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments: testing the effects of using dispersants to treat oil spills. Organic Geochemistry, 30. pp. 1273-1286.

Duke, Norman C., Benzie, John A.H., Goodall, John A., and Ballment, Elizabeth R. (1998) Genetic structure and evolution of species in the mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Evolution: international journal of organic evolution, 52 (6). pp. 1612-1626.

Duke, Norman, Ball, Marilyn, and Ellison, Joanna (1998) Factors influencing biodiversity and distributional gradients in mangroves. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 7 (1). pp. 27-47.

Duke, N.C., Burns, K.A., Ellison, J.C., Rupp, R.J., and Dalhaus, O. (1998) Effects of oil and dispersed-oil on mature mangroves in field trials at Gladstone. APPEA Journal, 38 (2). pp. 637-645.

Duke, N.C., Burns, K.A., and Dalhaus, O. (1998) Effects of oils and dispersed-oils on mangrove seedlings in planthouse experiments: a preliminary assessment of results two months after oil treatments. APPEA Journal, 38 (2). pp. 631-636.

Duke, N.C., Ellison, J.C., and Burns, K.A. (1998) Surveys of oil spill incidents affecting mangrove habitat in Australia: a preliminary assessment of incidents, impacts on mangroves, and recovery of deforested areas. APPEA Journal, 38 (2). pp. 646-654.

Duke, Norman C., Pinzón, Zulelka S., and Prada, Martha C. (1997) Large scale damage to mangrove forests following two large oil spills in Panama. Biotropica, 29 (1). pp. 2-14.

Duke, Norman (1997) Mangroves in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: current status, long-term trends, management implications and research. In: Wachenfeld, David, Oliver, Jamie, and Davis, Kim, (eds.) State of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Workshop. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, QLD, Australia, pp. 288-299.

Duke, Norman (1996) Mangrove reforestation in Panama: an evaluation of planting in areas deforested by a large oil spill. In: Field, Colin D., (ed.) Restoration of mangrove ecosystems. International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems ISME & International Tropical Timber Organization ITTO, Okinawa, Japan, pp. 209-232.

Duke, Norman C. (1995) Genetic diversity, distributional barriers and rafting continents - more thoughts on the evolution of mangroves. Hydrobiologia, 295 (1). pp. 167-181.

Duke, Norman C., Pinzon, Zuleika S., and Prada, Martha C. (1994) Los manglares / The swamps. Scientia, 8 (2). pp. 80-98.

Duke, Norman C. (1994) A mangrove hybrid, Sonneratia x urama (Sonneratiaceae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea. Australian Systematic Botany, 7 (5). pp. 521-526.

Duke, Norman C., and Pinzón M., Zuleika S. (1992) Aging Rhizophora seedlings from leaf scar nodes: a technique for studying recruitment and growth in mangrove forests. Biotropica, 24 (2 Part A). pp. 173-186.

Duke, Norman C. (1992) Mangrove floristics and biogeography. In: Robertson, A.I., and Alongi, D.M., (eds.) Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems. Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series (41). American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 63-100.

Duke, Norman (1991) Nypa in the mangroves of Central America: introduced or relict? Principes, 35 (3). pp. 127-132.

Duke, N.C. (1991) A systematic revision of the mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in Australasia. Australian Systematic Botany, 4 (2). pp. 299-324.

Robertson, A.I., and Duke, N.C. (1990) Mangrove fish communities in tropical Queensland, Australia: spatial and temporal patterns in densities, biomass and community structure. Marine Biology, 104 (3). pp. 369-379.

Duke, N.C. (1990) Morphological variation in the mangrove genus Avicennia in Australasia: systematic and ecological considerations. Australian Systematic Botany, 3 (2). pp. 221-239.

Duke, N.C. (1990) Phenological trends with latitude in the mangrove tree Avicennia marina. Journal of Ecology, 78 (1). pp. 113-133.

Robertson, Alistar I., and Duke, Norman C. (1990) Recruitment, growth and residence time of fishes in a tropical Australian mangrove system. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 31 (5). pp. 723-743.

Duke, N.C. (1988) Phenologies and litter fall of two mangrove trees, Sonneratia alba Sm. and S. caseolaris (L.) Engl., and their putative hybrid, S. X gulngai N.C. Duke. Australian Journal of Botany, 36 (4). pp. 473-482.

Duke, Norman (1988) An endemic mangrove species, Avicennia integra sp. nov. (Avicenniaceae), in northern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany, 1 (2). pp. 177-180.

Duke, Norman Clive (1988) The mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in Australia. PhD thesis, James Cook University.

Robertson, A.I., and Duke, N.C. (1987) Insect herbivory on mangrove leaves in North Queensland. Australian Journal of Ecology, 12 (1). pp. 1-7.

Robertson, A.I., and Duke, N.C. (1987) Mangroves as nursery sites: comparisons of the abundance and species composition of fish and crustaceans in mangroves and other nearshore habitats in tropical Australia. Marine Biology, 96 (2). pp. 193-205.

Smith, Thomas J. III, and Duke, Norman C. (1987) Physical determinants of inter-estuary variation in mangrove species richness around the tropical coastline of Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 14 (1). pp. 9-19.

Duke, N.C., and Jackes, Betsy R. (1987) A systematic revision of the mangrove genus Sonneratia (Sonneratiaceae) in Australasia. Blumea, 32 (2). pp. 277-302.

Poovachiranon, Sombat, Boto, Kevin, and Duke, Norman (1984) Food preference studies and ingestion rate measurements of the mangrove amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 98 (1-2). pp. 129-140.

Duke, N.C., Bunt, J.S., and Williams, W.T. (1984) Observations on the floral and vegetative phenologies of north-eastern Australian mangroves. Australian Journal of Botany, 32 (1). pp. 87-99.

Duke, N.C. (1984) A mangrove hybrid, Sonneratia X gulngai (Sonneratiaceae), from north-eastern Australia. Austrobaileya, 2 (1). pp. 103-105.

Bunt, J.S., Williams, W.T., and Duke, N.C. (1982) Mangrove distributions in north-east Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 9 (2). pp. 111-120.

Primack, Richard B., Duke, Norman C., and Tomlinson, P.B. (1981) Floral morphology in relation to pollination ecology in five Queensland coastal plants. Austrobaileya, 1 (4). pp. 346-355.

Duke, N.C., Birch, W.R., and Williams, W.T. (1981) Growth rings and rainfall correlations in a mangrove tree of the genus Diospyros (Ebenaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, 29 (2). pp. 135-142.

Williams, W.T., Bunt, J.S., and Duke, N.C. (1981) Mangrove litter fall in north eastern Australia. 2. Periodicity. Australian Journal of Botany, 29 (5). pp. 555-563.

Duke, N.C., Bunt, J.S., and Williams, W.T. (1981) Mangrove litter fall in north-eastern Australia. 1. Annual totals by component in selected species. Australian Journal of Botany, 29 (5). pp. 547-553.

Duke, N.C., and Bunt, J.S. (1979) The genus Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae) in north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 27 (5). pp. 657-678.

Tomlinson, P.B., Bunt, J.S, Primack, R.B., and Duke, N.C. (1978) Lumnitzera rosea (Combretaceae) - its status and floral morphology. Journal of the Arnold Herbarium, 59. pp. 342-351.