2024-03-28T19:52:57Z
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/cgi/oai2
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:27762
2023-01-03T22:45:41Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Dame Maud McCarthy (1859–1949): Matron-in-Chief, British expeditionary forces France and Flanders, First World War
Shields, Rosemary
Shields, Linda
Emma Maud McCarthy was one of the most decorated nurses of the First World War. Born in Sydney in 1859, she trained as a nurse at The London Hospital in England. She was one of the first nurses to go to the South African War and in 1914 was one of the first members of Queen Alexandra's Imperial Nursing Service. Maud McCarthy went to France as Matron-in-Chief of British, Colonial and US nursing services until the end of hostilities in 1918. After the First World War she became Matron-in-Chief of the Territorial Army Nursing Service and retired five years later. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross in 1918 and earned awards from Britain, France, Belgium and America. Her influence on nursing was profound. One of the first senior nurses to recognise the impact of war on minds, she set up separate units for men who had self-harmed and she pioneered nurse anaesthetists in the British Armed Forces. Dame Maud McCarthy was an administrator par excellence whose determination to provide the best conditions possible for both her nurses and the men for whom they cared made possible the highest standards of nursing care in the First World War.
Sage Publications
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/27762/17/27762%20Shields%20and%20Shields_accepted%20version.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/27762/16/27762%20Sheilds%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772013480610
Shields, Rosemary, and Shields, Linda (2016) Dame Maud McCarthy (1859–1949): Matron-in-Chief, British expeditionary forces France and Flanders, First World War. Journal of Medical Biography, 24 (4). pp. 507-517.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/27762/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:35891
2024-03-04T15:15:31Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Projected age- and sex-specific prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Western Australian adults from 2005-2045
Sarink, Danja
Nedkoff, Lee
Briffa, Tom
Shaw, Jonathan E.
Magliano, Dianna J.
Stevenson, Christopher
Mannan, Haider
Knuiman, Matthew
Peeters, Anna
Background:For decades, the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have declined. More recently, we have seen a halting in these declines, especially at younger ages. It is difficult to predict how these changing trends will impact CVD prevalence. We aimed to predict future prevalence of CVDs in Western Australian adults from 2005–2045 based on current incidence and mortality probabilities, population growth and ageing.
Methods and results: Multi-state life table models were developed using 2005–2009 age- and sex-specific incidence and mortality probabilities from the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Prevalence of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke was projected until 2045. Life expectancy and lifetime risk were estimated. We estimate that compared to 2005–2009, we will see 37,235 (CVD), 23,129 (CHD) and 9806 (stroke) more incident cases in 2040–2044. The prevalence of total CVD is predicted to increase from 8.4% in men and 5.1% in women in 2005 to 12.7% and 7.9% respectively in 2045. This seems to be mainly due to population growth and ageing, with some effect of changing incidence and mortality. In Western Australia this represents an additional 106,949 adults living with CVD, of which 65,951 with CHD and 10,928 with stroke, in 2045 compared to 2005.
Conclusions: Assuming no major changes in prevention and treatment of CVD, the prevalence will likely increase, with consequent increases in health care need and cost. These findings need to be confirmed by studies in which prevalence is consistently and empirically measured and monitored over time.
Sage Publications
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/35891/6/35891%20Sarink%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487314554865
Sarink, Danja, Nedkoff, Lee, Briffa, Tom, Shaw, Jonathan E., Magliano, Dianna J., Stevenson, Christopher, Mannan, Haider, Knuiman, Matthew, and Peeters, Anna (2016) Projected age- and sex-specific prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Western Australian adults from 2005-2045. European Journal of Preventative Cardiology, 23 (1). pp. 23-32.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/35891/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:36794
2024-02-29T14:46:14Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Remote chemotherapy supervision model for rural cancer care: perspectives of health professionals
Jhaveri, D.
Larkins, S.
Kelly, J.
Sabesan, S.
Townsville Cancer Centre (TCC), a tertiary cancer centre in North Queensland, Australia, provides chemotherapy services to surrounding small rural towns using the Queensland Remote Chemotherapy Supervision model (QReCS). Under this model, selected chemotherapy regimens are administered in rural hospitals by rural based generalist doctors and nurses, under the supervision of TCC-based medical oncologists and chemotherapy competent nurses through videoconferencing. We sought to explore the perspectives of health professionals participating in QReCS. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 19 participants, including nine nurses, eight doctors, one rural pharmacist and one administration officer. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were examined using iterative thematic analysis. Four major themes were identified from the data: (1) benefits of the model, (2) enablers of implementation, (3) operational requirements for optimal functioning and (4) disadvantages of the model. The reported benefits of the model were patient convenience, inter-professional communication across health district borders, expanded scope of practice, continuity of care and maintenance of patient safety and compliance with guidelines while delivering chemotherapy. Further improvements in the quality of training for rural nurses, coordination between urban and rural sites and between health professionals and documentation of clinical encounters would optimise the operation of the model. QReCS appears to provide many benefits to patients and health professionals and a framework for safe administration of chemotherapy in rural areas. Coordination of care, the quality of training for rural nurses as well as clinical documentation needs to improve to optimise the operation of the model.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/36794/1/Jhaveri_et_al-2016-European_Journal_of_Cancer_Care.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12309
Jhaveri, D., Larkins, S., Kelly, J., and Sabesan, S. (2016) Remote chemotherapy supervision model for rural cancer care: perspectives of health professionals. European Journal of Cancer Care, 25 (1). pp. 1-6.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/36794/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:37675
2024-03-01T14:29:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
If you knew the end of a story would you still want to hear it? Using research poems to listen to Aboriginal stories
Saunders, Vicki
Usher, Kim
Tsey, Komla
Bainbridge, Roxanne
This paper presents a poem created whilst conducting an inquiry into one of the endings of stories told of, and by, people living with mental illness: this story ending is grouped by a word (and social movement) widely known as Recovery in mental health care. Recovery, however, is not a word commonly used in the places where this Inquiry occurred. Nor is it a category of story ending often told about Australian Aboriginal people living with a diagnosis of chronic mental illness. This inquiry was, and is, thus focussed on how the current endings of stories that surround Australian Aboriginal peoples in mental health care are being/were told and “heard”. This paper is an attempt to use poetry as a therapeutic and storytelling strategy to highlight the difference between hearing and listening, and how that difference relates to the word Recovery as a paradigm shift and story of social change.
Taylor and Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/37675/6/37675%20Saunders%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08893675.2016.1133082
Saunders, Vicki, Usher, Kim, Tsey, Komla, and Bainbridge, Roxanne (2016) If you knew the end of a story would you still want to hear it? Using research poems to listen to Aboriginal stories. Journal of Poetry Therapy, 29 (1). pp. 1-13.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/37675/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:38351
2024-03-04T15:12:51Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
'They rush you and push you too much ... and you can't really get any good response off them': a qualitative examination of family involvement in care of people with dementia in acute care
Moyle, Wendy
Bramble, Marguerite
Bauer, Michael
Smyth, Wendy
Beattie, Elizabeth
Aim: To explore the role and needs of the family carer across different acute care contexts and their level of involvement in the care of their relative with dementia in this setting.
Method: A pragmatic, exploratory-descriptive qualitative approach. A convenience sample of 30 family carers across three sites completed semi-structured interviews.
Results: Family carers wanted to be involved in the acute care of their family member with dementia. They acknowledged the importance of a central source of information, educated staff, guidelines on roles and processes, and positive communication, as well as respect from staff for the carer's knowledge of the older person and their needs. They also highlighted the need for medical staff to discuss with them the family member's treatment and care.
Conclusion: There is a need for family-focused interventions to improve communication and involvement of family in the care of family members with dementia in the acute setting.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/38351/11/38351%20Moyle%20et%20al%202015.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12251
Moyle, Wendy, Bramble, Marguerite, Bauer, Michael, Smyth, Wendy, and Beattie, Elizabeth (2016) 'They rush you and push you too much ... and you can't really get any good response off them': a qualitative examination of family involvement in care of people with dementia in acute care. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 35 (2). E30-E34.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/38351/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39101
2024-03-01T15:12:52Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Understanding factors that influence participation in physical activity among people with a neuromusculoskeletal condition: a review of qualitative studies
Newitt, Rosemarie
Barnett, Fiona
Crowe, Melissa
Purpose: This review aims to describe the factors that influence participation in physical activity (PA) in people with neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) conditions.
Methods: A systematic search of six databases was conducted. Articles were included if the study qualitatively explored factors that influence participation in PA by individuals with a NMS condition. Fifteen peer-reviewed articles published between 2003 and 2013 were analysed for common themes and critically appraised.
Results: Results were categorised using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. The most common demotivators reported for the three areas of functioning, body function and structures, activities and participation were lack of walking balance, muscle weakness, pain, stiffness, bladder and blower problems, depression, thermoregulation and fear of injury. Fluctuating symptoms and fatigue were mentioned as demotivators in all of the progressive conditions. Maintaining independence, function and weight, and the prevention of secondary conditions were the leading motivators reported in this domain. Most common environmental barriers include accessibility, costs, transport and insufficient information and knowledge from health professionals. Social support is a consistent determinate of PA and is reported as a facilitator in every study. The most common personal demotivators include lack of motivation, feelings of self-consciousness and embarrassment in public, anxiety, frustration and anger. Personal motivators include goal setting and achieving,
enjoyment, feeling good, feeling "normal", motivation and optimism, redefining self and escapism from everyday boundaries. Conclusions: Individuals with NMS conditions report complex common barriers, facilitators, demotivators and motivators to participation in PA. The way these factors influence participation in PA is unique to the individual; therefore, it is necessary to adopt an individually tailored approach when designing interventions.
Informa Healthcare
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39101/1/39101_Newitt_etal_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.996676
Newitt, Rosemarie, Barnett, Fiona, and Crowe, Melissa (2016) Understanding factors that influence participation in physical activity among people with a neuromusculoskeletal condition: a review of qualitative studies. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38 (1). pp. 1-10.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39101/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39151
2021-07-18T23:09:11Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Response to 'tourism citations in other disciplines'
Bauer, Irmgard
[Extract] I have read with great interest the recent Research Notes byWardle and Buckley (2014)where theauthors examine if tourism research satisfies the characteristics of a mature field of study ('the third phase') based on citations, hence recognition, in other academic disciplines. The disciplines investi-gated were psychology, sociology, biology, geography and economics. I would like to draw attentionto the authors' omission of medicine and health from the list of non-tourism disciplines. To date,the link between tourism and health, especially travel medicine, has been largely overlooked and,consequently, there is little tourism literature mentioned in health publications. Travel Medicine asa medical specialty has existed for almost 25 years. However, it still is more 'medicine' than ‘travel’with very little insight into the travellers apart from their role as being in need of health preparationand, unfortunately, sometimes returning as a patient. Yet, travellers (prepared by travel health profes-sionals) travel in the context of tourism, not in the context of medicine.
Elsevier
2015
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39151/1/Bauer_ATR_Tourism%20citations%20response.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.04.006
Bauer, Irmgard (2015) Response to 'tourism citations in other disciplines'. Annals of Tourism Research, 53. pp. 101-104.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39151/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39202
2024-03-01T15:12:53Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Occupation based intervention in hand injury rehabilitation: experiences of occupational therapists in Malaysia
Che Daud, Ahmad Zamir
Yau, Matthew K.
Barnett, Fiona
Judd, Jenni
Introduction: Practising Occupation Based Intervention (OBI) uses the concepts of occupation as a means and an end. Occupation as a means refers to occupational and purposeful tasks as a therapeutic agent while occupation as an end refers to occupation as an outcome of intervention. The purpose of this study was to describe the occupational therapists' experiences of providing OBI in hand injury rehabilitation.
Methods: Sixteen occupational therapists with more than five years of experience in hand rehabilitation were individually interviewed on their experiences of using OBI in practice. Data was thematically analysed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Results: Interpretations of the themes resulted in: "Occupation as a Means", "Occupation as an end", "Benefit of OBI", "Challenges of OBI" and "Making OBI a reality". It was found that occupational therapists had positive experiences with OBI. Occupational therapists perceived that occupation as a means and an end can be merged in a single therapy session when the occupational therapists use an occupation that is therapeutic.
Conclusion: Although occupation as a means and an end have different purposes, when the ultimate goal is,to enhance the clients' maximum level of functioning, both can be used for successful rehabilitation of hand injuries.
Informa Healthcare
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39202/16/39202_CheDaud_etal_2016.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39202/17/39202%20Barnett%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1062047
Che Daud, Ahmad Zamir, Yau, Matthew K., Barnett, Fiona, and Judd, Jenni (2016) Occupation based intervention in hand injury rehabilitation: experiences of occupational therapists in Malaysia. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 23 (1). pp. 57-66.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39202/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39363
2024-03-04T15:11:38Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
A qualitative study of the role of workplace and interpersonal trust in shaping service quality and responsiveness in Zambian primary health centres
Topp, Stephanie M.
Chipukuma, Julien M.
Background: Human decisions, actions and relationships that invoke trust are at the core of functional and productive health systems. Although widely studied in high-income settings, comparatively few studies have explored the influence of trust on health system performance in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines how workplace and inter-personal trust impact service quality and responsiveness in primary health services in Zambia.
Methods: This multi-case study included four health centres selected for urban, peri-urban and rural characteristics. Case data included provider interviews (60); patient interviews (180); direct observation of facility operations (two weeks/centre) and key informant interviews (14) that were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Case-based thematic analysis incorporated inductive and deductive coding.
Results: Findings demonstrated that providers had weak workplace trust influenced by a combination of poor working conditions, perceptions of low pay and experiences of inequitable or inefficient health centre management. Weak trust in health centre managers' organizational capacity and fairness contributed to resentment amongst many providers and promoted a culture of blame-shifting and one-upmanship that undermined teamwork and enabled disrespectful treatment of patients. Although patients expressed a high degree of trust in health workers' clinical capacity, repeated experiences of disrespectful or unresponsive care undermined patients' trust in health workers' service values and professionalism. Lack of patient–provider trust prompted some patients to circumvent clinic systems in an attempt to secure better or more timely care.
Conclusion: Lack of resourcing and poor leadership were key factors leading to providers' weak workplace trust and contributed to often-poor quality services, driving a perverse cycle of negative patient–provider relations across the four sites. Findings highlight the importance of investing in both structural factors and organizational management to strengthen providers' trust in their employer(s) and colleagues, as an entry-point for developing both the capacity and a work culture oriented towards respectful and patient-centred care.
Oxford University Press
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39363/6/39363%20Topp%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv041
Topp, Stephanie M., and Chipukuma, Julien M. (2016) A qualitative study of the role of workplace and interpersonal trust in shaping service quality and responsiveness in Zambian primary health centres. Health Policy and Planning, 31 (2). pp. 192-204.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39363/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39418
2024-02-29T14:32:13Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Basic body awareness therapy or exercise therapy for the treatment of chronic whiplash associated disorders: a randomized comparative clinical trial
Seferiadis, Aris
Ohlin, Pernilla
Billhult, Annika
Gunnarsson, Ronny
Purpose: Chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) incur both costs and suffering. Treatments that can relieve chronic WAD are therefore needed. Exercise therapy (ET) has been shown to provide pain relief. Another often used treatment for chronic pain in Scandinavia is basic body awareness therapy (BAT). We compared the effectiveness of 10 weeks of twice-weekly, 90-min sessions of either ET or BAT in a randomized comparative trial.
Method: We recruited 113 patients suffering from chronic WAD grades I–III and several years’ duration of symptoms in a primary health care setting. 57 were allocated to ET and 56 to BAT. Primary outcome measures were Neck Disability Index and SF-36 v.2.
Results: From baseline to post-treatment, the BAT group increased their physical functioning (median 5, IQR = 15) more than the ET group (median = 0, IQR = 15), p = 0.032, effect size −0.54. Three months after the end of treatment, the BAT group had less bodily pain (m = 17.5, 95% CI 6.9–17.6) than the ET group (m = 4.9, 95% CI −0.1 to 9.8), p = 0.044, effect size −0.4. The BAT group had also increased their social functioning (m = 13.3, 95% CI 6.6–19.9) more than the ET group (m = 3.5, 95% CI −3 to 9.9), p = 0.037, effect size −0.41. No statistically significant differences between groups were found for the change of other outcomes. No serious adverse effects were found in either groups.
Conclusions: The present trial indicates that BAT led to greater improvements than ET for the patients with chronic WAD.
Informa Healthcare
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39418/1/39418_Seferiadis_etal_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1044036
Seferiadis, Aris, Ohlin, Pernilla, Billhult, Annika, and Gunnarsson, Ronny (2016) Basic body awareness therapy or exercise therapy for the treatment of chronic whiplash associated disorders: a randomized comparative clinical trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38 (5). pp. 442-451.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39418/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39510
2024-02-27T15:08:43Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Approaches to improving adherence to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a literature review with a global perspective
Rémond, Marc G.W.
Coyle, Meaghan E.
Mills, Jane E.
Maguire, Graeme P.
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are auto-immune conditions resulting from infection with group A streptococcus. Current management of these conditions includes secondary antibiotic prevention. This comprises regular 3 to 4 weekly long-acting intramuscular benzathine penicillin injections. Secondary antibiotic prevention aims to protect individuals against reinfection with group A streptococcus, thereby preventing recurrent ARF and the risk of further damage to the heart valves. However, the uptake of benzathine penicillin can be poor leaving patients at risk of avoidable and progressive heart damage. This review utilizes the Chronic Care Model as a framework to discuss initiatives to enhance the delivery of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis for ARF and RHD. Results from the search strategy utilized revealed that there is limited pertinent published evidence. The evidence that is available suggests that register/recall systems, dedicated health teams for delivery of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis, education about ARF and RHD, linkages with the community (particularly between health services and schools) and strong staff-patient relationships may be important. However, it is difficult to generalize findings from individual studies to other settings and high quality studies are lacking. While secondary antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective treatment for those with ARF or RHD, the difficulties in implementing effective programs that reduce the burden of ARF and RHD demonstrates the importance of on-going work in developing and evaluating research translation initiatives.
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
2016-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39510/8/39510_Remond_etal_2015_Accepted_Version.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39510/6/39510-Remond-et-al-2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CRD.0000000000000065
Rémond, Marc G.W., Coyle, Meaghan E., Mills, Jane E., and Maguire, Graeme P. (2016) Approaches to improving adherence to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a literature review with a global perspective. Cardiology in Review, 24 (2). pp. 94-98.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39510/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39619
2024-03-02T15:19:57Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Dual benefits of a student-assisted inter-professional men's healthy lifestyle pilot program
Sealey, Rebecca
George, Nadene
Gordon, Susan
Simmons, Lisa
Men are less willing to seek health professional advice than women, and die more often than women from preventable causes. Therefore it is important to increase male engagement with health initiatives. This study reports the outcomes of a student-assisted, inter-professional, 12 week health program for overweight adult males. The program included weekly health education and structured, supervised group exercise sessions. Thirteen males (participants) and eighteen university students (session facilitators) completed the program. Participants were assessed for a range of health and physical activity measures and health and health profession knowledge. Participants demonstrated significant improvement in activity, knowledge and perceptions of physical and mental function, and appreciated the guided, group sessions. Students completed an inter-professional readiness questionnaire and reported significant improvement in the understanding of the benefits of inter-professional education and of their role in health care. This program provides evidence of the dual benefit that occurs from the delivery of a student-assisted, inter-professional men’s health program to at-risk community members.
Sage
2017-07
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39619/7/39619_Sealey_etal_2015_Accepted_Version.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39619/2/39619%20Sealey%20et%20al%202017.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315601725
Sealey, Rebecca, George, Nadene, Gordon, Susan, and Simmons, Lisa (2017) Dual benefits of a student-assisted inter-professional men's healthy lifestyle pilot program. American Journal of Men's Health, 11 (4). pp. 1133-1141.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39619/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39715
2024-03-04T15:10:08Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Discriminating talent-identified junior Australian football players using a video decision-making task
Woods, Carl T.
Raynor, Annette J.
Bruce, Lyndell
McDonald, Zane
This study examined if a video decision-making task could discriminate talent-identified junior Australian football players from their non-talent-identified counterparts. Participants were recruited from the 2013 under 18 (U18) West Australian Football League competition and classified into two groups: talent-identified (State U18 Academy representatives; n = 25; 17.8 ± 0.5 years) and non-talent-identified (non-State U18 Academy selection; n = 25; 17.3 ± 0.6 years). Participants completed a video decision-making task consisting of 26 clips sourced from the Australian Football League game-day footage, recording responses on a sheet provided. A score of "1" was given for correct and “0” for incorrect responses, with the participants total score used as the criterion value. One-way analysis of variance tested the main effect of "status" on the task criterion, whilst a bootstrapped receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the discriminant ability of the task. An area under the curve (AUC) of 1 (100%) represented perfect discrimination. Between-group differences were evident (P < 0.05) and the ROC curve was maximised with a score of 15.5/26 (60%) (AUC = 89.0%), correctly classifying 92% and 76% of the talent-identified and non-talent-identified participants, respectively. Future research should investigate the mechanisms leading to the superior decision-making observed in the talent-identified group.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39715/6/39715%20Woods%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1053512
Woods, Carl T., Raynor, Annette J., Bruce, Lyndell, and McDonald, Zane (2016) Discriminating talent-identified junior Australian football players using a video decision-making task. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34 (4). pp. 342-347.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39715/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:39716
2024-03-04T15:11:13Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
What are talent scouts actually identifying? Investigating the physical and technical skill match activity profiles of drafted and non-drafted U18 Australian footballers
Woods, Carl T.
Joyce, Christopher
Robertson, Sam
Objectives: To compare the physical and technical skill match activity profiles of drafted and non-drafted under 18 Australian football players.
Design: Cross-sectional observational.
Methods: In-game physical and skill variables were assessed for under 18 Australian football players participating within the 2013 and 2014 National under 18 Australian Football League Championships. Players originated from one State Academy (n = 55). Ten games were analysed; resulting in 183 observations. Players were sub-divided into two groups; drafted/non-drafted. Microtechnology and a commercial statistical provider allowed the quantification of total distance (m), relative distance (m min−1), high speed running distance (>15 km h−1), high speed running expressed as a percentage of total distance (% total), total disposals, marks, contested possessions, uncontested possessions, inside 50s and rebound 50s (n = 10). The effect size (d) of draft outcome on these criterion variables was calculated, with generalised estimating equations (GEE's) used to model which of these criterion variables was associated with draft outcome.
Results: Contested possessions and inside 50s reflected large effect size differences between groups (d = 1.01, d = 0.92, respectively). The GEE models revealed contested possessions as the strongest predictor of draft outcome, with inside 50s being the second. Comparatively, the remaining criterion variables were not predictive of draft outcome.
Conclusions: Contested possessions and inside 50s are the most influential in-game variables associated with draft outcome for West Australian players competing within the National under 18 Australian Football League Championships. Technically skilled players who win contested possessions and deliver the ball inside 50 may be advantageously positioned for draft success.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39716/6/39716%20Woods%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.04.013
Woods, Carl T., Joyce, Christopher, and Robertson, Sam (2016) What are talent scouts actually identifying? Investigating the physical and technical skill match activity profiles of drafted and non-drafted U18 Australian footballers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19 (5). pp. 419-423.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39716/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:40306
2024-03-03T14:24:29Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Wound healing effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: an emerging concept in management of diabetic foot ulcer - a review
Saboo, Apoorva
Rathnayake, Ayeshmanthe
Vangaveti, Venkat N.
Malabu, Usman H.
Objective: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have a well-known effect on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes but little is known on their wound healing role in this group of population. This paper reviews the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers.
Methods: Published data on effects and mechanism of DDP-4 inhibitors on wound healing were derived from Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar search of English language literature from 1994 to 2014 using the key words such as "DPP-4 inhibitors", "endothelial healing" "diabetes" and "chronic ulcers".
Results: DPP-4 inhibitors show a potential benefit in processes of wound healing in diabetic chronic foot ulcers. The enzyme inhibitors promote recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells and allow the final scaffolding of wounds. Furthermore DPP-4 inhibitors augment angiogenesis and have widespread effects on optimising the immune response to persistent hypoxia in chronic diabetes wounds.
Conclusion: DPP-4 inhibitors show promise in the local wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers in addition to its already established glycaemic control. In the light of high rate of amputations due to non-healing ulcers with profound psychological and economical liability, more investigations on the usefulness of DPP-4 inhibitors in the high risk diabetes population are needed.
Elsevier
2016-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40306/1/40306%20Saboo%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.006
Saboo, Apoorva, Rathnayake, Ayeshmanthe, Vangaveti, Venkat N., and Malabu, Usman H. (2016) Wound healing effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: an emerging concept in management of diabetic foot ulcer - a review. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, 10 (2). pp. 113-119.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40306/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:40408
2024-03-05T14:48:34Z
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Correcting bias in self-rated quality of life: an application of anchoring vignettes and ordinal regression models to better understand QoL differences across commuting modes
Crane, Melanie
Rissel, Chris
Greaves, Stephen
Gebel, Klaus
Purpose: Likert scales are frequently used in public health research, but are subject to scale perception bias. This study sought to explore scale perception bias in quality-of-life (QoL) self-assessment and assess its relationships with commuting mode in the Sydney Travel and Health Study.
Methods: Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between two global QoL items about overall QoL and health satisfaction, with usual travel mode to work or study. Anchoring vignettes were applied using parametric and simpler nonparametric methods to detect and adjust for differences in reporting behaviour across age, sex, education, and income groups.
Results: The anchoring vignettes exposed differences in scale responses across demographic groups. After adjusting for these biases, public transport users (OR = 0.37, 95 % CI 0.21–0.65), walkers (OR = 0.44, 95 % CI 0.24–0.82), and motor vehicle users (OR = 0.47, 95 % CI 0.25–0.86) were all found to have lower odds of reporting high QoL compared with bicycle commuters. Similarly, the odds of reporting high health satisfaction were found to be proportionally lower amongst all competing travel modes: motor vehicle users (OR = 0.31, 95 % CI 0.18–0.56), public transport users (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI 0.20–0.57), and walkers (OR = 0.35, 95 % CI 0.20–0.64) when compared with cyclists. Fewer differences were observed in the unadjusted models.
Conclusion: Application of the vignettes by the two approaches removed scaling biases, thereby improving the accuracy of the analyses of the associations between travel mode and quality of life. The adjusted results revealed higher quality of life in bicycle commuters compared with all other travel mode users.
Springer
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40408/6/40408%20Crane%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-1090-8
Crane, Melanie, Rissel, Chris, Greaves, Stephen, and Gebel, Klaus (2016) Correcting bias in self-rated quality of life: an application of anchoring vignettes and ordinal regression models to better understand QoL differences across commuting modes. Quality of Life Research, 25 (2). pp. 257-266.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40408/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:40721
2024-03-04T15:07:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Exercise improves physical function and mental health of brain cancer Survivors: two exploratory case studies
Levin, Gregory T.
Greenwood, Kenneth M.
Singh, Favil
Tsoi, Daphne
Newton, Robert U.
Background: Malignant brain tumors are unpredictable and incurable, with 5-year survival rates less than 30%. The poor prognosis combined with intensive treatment necessitates the inclusion of complementary and supportive therapies that optimize quality of life and reduce treatment-related declines in health. Exercise therapy has been shown to be beneficial in other cancer populations, but no evidence is available for brain cancer survivors. Therefore, we report results from 2 preliminary cases.
Methods: Two female patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme and oligodendroglioma participated in a structured and supervised 12-week exercise program. The program consisted of two 1-hour resistance and aerobic exercise sessions per week and additional self-managed aerobic sessions. Outcome measures of strength, cardiovascular fitness, and several psychological indicators (depression, anxiety, and quality of life) were recorded at baseline, after 6 weeks and at the conclusion of the intervention.
Results: Exercise was well tolerated; both participants completed all 24 sessions and the home-based component with no adverse effects. Objective outcome measures displayed positive responses relating to reduced morbidity. Similar positive responses were found for psychological outcomes. Scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale showed clinically meaningful improvements in depression and total distress.
Conclusion: These findings provide initial evidence that, despite the difficulties associated with brain cancer treatment and survivorship, exercise may be safe and beneficial and should be considered in the overall management of patients with brain cancer.
Sage
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40721/6/40721%20Levin%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735415600068
Levin, Gregory T., Greenwood, Kenneth M., Singh, Favil, Tsoi, Daphne, and Newton, Robert U. (2016) Exercise improves physical function and mental health of brain cancer Survivors: two exploratory case studies. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 15 (2). pp. 190-196.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40721/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:40901
2024-03-03T14:57:42Z
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Integration of occupation based intervention in hand injury rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial
Che Daud, Ahmad Zamir
Yau, Matthew K.
Barnett, Fiona
Judd, Jenni
Jones, Rhondda E.
Nawawi, Rashdeen Fazwi Muhammad
Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).
Introduction: Engagement in daily occupations and day to day activities helps to restore function in individuals with injured hands and provides a platform to practise selected occupations.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of Occupation Based Intervention (OBI) and Therapeutic Exercise (TE) compared to TE alone for the rehabilitation of hand injuries.
Method: A single center RCT, parallel group was conducted at the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital (KLGH), Malaysia. Forty-six adult clients with hand injuries who consented to participate were randomly allocated to either the OBI + TE group or to the TE group.
Results: Following a ten week intervention program, statistical significance differences were found in DASH score (TE = 18.64 ± 14.84 vs OBI + TE = 9.50 ± 9.14, p = 0.02); total active motion (TE = 1035.85 ± 179.84 vs OBI + TE = 1203.65 ± 133.60, p = 0.01); neuropathic pain (TE = 2.90 ± 2.79 vs OBI + TE = 1.05 ± 2.01, p = 0.02); COPM performance (TE = 7.62 ± 2.03 vs OBI + TE = 9.53 ± 0.64, p < 0.001); and COPM satisfaction (TE = 7.60 ± 2.11 vs OBI + TE = 9.49 ± 0.76, p < 0.001) in favor of OBI + TE group.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the integration of OBI into hand injury rehabilitation improved outcomes for clients.
Level of evidence: 1b.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40901/1/Journal%20of%20hand%20Therapy.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2015.09.004
Che Daud, Ahmad Zamir, Yau, Matthew K., Barnett, Fiona, Judd, Jenni, Jones, Rhondda E., and Nawawi, Rashdeen Fazwi Muhammad (2016) Integration of occupation based intervention in hand injury rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hand Therapy, 29 (1). pp. 30-40.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40901/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:41026
2024-03-01T14:29:55Z
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Comparison of athletic movement between elite junior and senior Australian football players
Woods, Carl T.
McKeown, Ian
Haff, Gregory G.
Robertson, Sam
This study compared the athletic movement skill between elite Under-18 (U18) Australian football (AF) and senior Australian Football League (AFL) players. The U18 sample (n = 13; 17.7 ± 0.6 years) were representatives of an elite talent development programme. The AFL players were classified accordingly; Group 1 (1–4 AFL seasons; n = 20; 21.2 ± 1.9 years) and Group 2 (>5 AFL seasons; n = 14; 26.3 ± 2.6 years). Participants performed an athletic movement skill assessment, inclusive of five foundational movements. Each movement was scored across three assessment points using a three-point scale. Total score for each movement (maximum of nine) and overall score (maximum of 63) were used as criteria. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the effect of developmental group (three levels) on the criteria. Receiver operating curves were built to examine the discriminant capability of the overall score. A significant effect of developmental group was noted, with the U18 sample having a lower mean total score for four of the five movements. Overall scores of 49/63 and 50/63 discriminated the elite U18 sample from Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. U18 players may have less developed athletic movement skills when compared to their senior AFL counterparts.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41026/6/41026%20Woods%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1107185
Woods, Carl T., McKeown, Ian, Haff, Gregory G., and Robertson, Sam (2016) Comparison of athletic movement between elite junior and senior Australian football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34 (13). pp. 1260-1265.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41026/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:41086
2024-03-04T15:07:07Z
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Review of climate change and water-related diseases in Cambodia and findings from stakeholder knowledge assessments
McIver, Lachlan J.
Chan, Vibol S.
Bowen, Kathryn J.
Iddings, Steven N.
Hero, Kol
Raingsey, Piseth P.
This project aims to increase the resilience of Cambodian communities to the health risks posed by climate change–related impacts on water-related diseases. There are a number of water-related diseases that are present in Cambodia and are likely to be susceptible to climate change. These include diarrheal diseases, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, melioidosis, viral hepatitis, and schistosomiasis. Certain subsectors of Cambodia's population may be more vulnerable than others with respect to climate change impacts on water and health, including agricultural workers and residents of flood-and drought-prone areas. The current level of understanding on the part of health professionals and other key stakeholders in Cambodia regarding the risks posed by climate change on water-sensitive diseases is relatively low. Strategies by which this understanding might be strengthened are suggested.
Sage Publications
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41086/6/41086%20McIver%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539514558059
McIver, Lachlan J., Chan, Vibol S., Bowen, Kathryn J., Iddings, Steven N., Hero, Kol, and Raingsey, Piseth P. (2016) Review of climate change and water-related diseases in Cambodia and findings from stakeholder knowledge assessments. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28 (2S). 49S-58S.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41086/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:41495
2024-03-03T15:03:25Z
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Oxidative stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm: potential treatment targets
Emeto, Theophilus I.
Moxon, Joseph V.
Au, Minnie
Golledge, Jonathan
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant cause of mortality in older adults. A key mechanism implicated in AAA pathogenesis is inflammation and the associated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. These have been suggested to promote degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular smooth muscle apoptosis. Experimental and human association studies suggest that ROS can be favourably modified to limit AAA formation and progression. In the present review, we discuss mechanisms potentially linking ROS to AAA pathogenesis and highlight potential treatment strategies targeting ROS. Currently, none of these strategies has been shown to be effective in clinical practice.
Portland Press
2016-01-26
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41495/1/41495%20Theophilus%20et%20al%202016%20Accepted%20Version.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41495/2/41495%20Theophilus%20et%20al%202016%20Published%20Version.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20150547
Emeto, Theophilus I., Moxon, Joseph V., Au, Minnie, and Golledge, Jonathan (2016) Oxidative stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm: potential treatment targets. Clinical Science, 130 (5). pp. 301-315.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41495/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:41538
2020-07-17T19:19:41Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B
HIV and Young People: risk and resilience in the urban slum
Jones, Gary
[Extract] This paper reviews the major findings regarding HIV and vulnerability. The fact is while global trends in HIV infection have diminished, some 30 years on into the epidemic, and a plethora of research that has guided policy and action, HIV remains a major threat to health and livelihood. The evidence amply demonstrates the multidimensional nature of HIV and the never static face of risk and resilience to infection and treatment uptake and the consistent vulnerability of certain groups often marginalised and disempowered. Gaps in the evidence emerge as fresh insights, and conceptual understandings develop and open up new areas of enquiry, along with global and contextualised changes in demographics and epidemiology, at the forefront of which is urbanisation and the informal slum settlement.
Sub-Saharan Africa carries the heaviest burden of HIV and takes its heaviest toll among young populations, as it has since the outset. Reflecting global trends, the continent is becoming younger. As cities in sub-Saharan Africa, and across the world, become increasingly youthful, young people are disproportionately impacted by HIV and routinely perform poorly across a wide spectrum of health indicators. As such, an association has been made between exponential urban growth and HIV infection. Young people hold the key in understanding where we are and where we expect to be in controlling global and urban epidemics, yet the least gains are being made in regard to young people, especially, concerning their sexual and reproductive health.
Springer
2016
Book
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41538/11/41538_Jones_2016_FrontPages.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26814-9
Jones, Gary (2016) HIV and Young People: risk and resilience in the urban slum. SpringerBriefs in Public Health . Springer, Cham, Switzerland.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/41538/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42115
2024-03-04T14:28:43Z
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An innovative Australian outreach model of diabetic retinopathy screening in remote communities
Glasson, Nicola M.
Crossland, Lisa J.
Larkins, Sarah L.
Background: Up to 98% of visual loss secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR) can be prevented with early detection and treatment. Despite this, less than 50% of Australian and American diabetics receive appropriate screening. Diabetic patients living in rural and remote communities are further disadvantaged by limited access to ophthalmology services.
Research Design and Methods: DR screening using a nonmydriatic fundal camera was performed as part of amultidisciplinary diabetes service already visiting remote communities. Images were onforwarded to a distant general practitioner who identified and graded retinopathy, with screenpositive patients referred to ophthalmology. This retrospective, descriptive study aims to compare the proportion of remote diabetic patients receiving appropriate DR screening prior to and following implementation of the service.
Results: Of the 141 patients in 11 communities who underwent DR screening, 16.3% had received appropriate DR screening prior to the implementation of the service. In addition, 36.2% of patients had never been screened. Following the introduction of the service, 66.3% of patients underwent appropriate DR screening (p=0.00025).
Conclusion: This innovative model has greatly improved accessibility to DR screening in remote communities, thereby reducing preventable blindness. It provides a holistic, locally appropriate diabetes service and utilises existing infrastructure and health workforce more efficiently.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42115/1/42115_Larkins_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1267215
Glasson, Nicola M., Crossland, Lisa J. , and Larkins, Sarah L. (2016) An innovative Australian outreach model of diabetic retinopathy screening in remote communities. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016. 1267215. pp. 1-10.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42115/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42116
2016-05-26T05:33:48Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
Case study 1.2: James Cook University School of Medicine, Australia
Larkins, Sarah
Murray, Richard
Sen Gupta, Tarun
Ross, Simone
Preston, Robyn
[Extract] The James Cook University School of Medicine (JCU-SOM) (now the College of Medicine and Dentistry) was established in 2000 as the first new Australian medical school in over 20 years and the only school in the northern half of Australia. Northern Australia's population is dispersed over a huge geographical area, with no settlement larger than 200,000 people, and suffers from a maldistribution of health professionals. For example, in 2012, the ratio of doctors to population varied from one medical practitioner for every 246 people in major cities, to 1:425 in outer regional and remote areas (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2014b). Health status is in inverse proportion to this (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2014a).
Taylor & Francis
Bin Abdulrahman, Khalid A.
Mennin, Stewart
Harden, Ronald M.
Kennedy, Catherine
2016
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42116/1/42116_Larkins_etal_2016_CaseStudy_References.pdf
https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-International-Handbook-of-Medical-Education/Abdulrahman-Mennin-Harden-Kennedy/p/book/9780415815734
Larkins, Sarah, Murray, Richard, Sen Gupta, Tarun, Ross, Simone, and Preston, Robyn (2016) Case study 1.2: James Cook University School of Medicine, Australia. In: Bin Abdulrahman, Khalid A., Mennin, Stewart, Harden, Ronald M., and Kennedy, Catherine, (eds.) Routledge International Handbook of Medical Education. Taylor & Francis, New York, NY, USA, pp. 5-7.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42116/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42184
2024-02-28T14:16:10Z
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Central venous catheter exit site dressings: balancing patients' needs, nurses' experiences and the research evidence
Smyth, Wendy
McArdle, Joleen
Gardner, Anne
Background/Aims: Many patients undergoing life-preserving haemodialysis are exposed to additional risks because access is via a central venous catheter (CVC). Despite a paucity of evidence, guidelines and policies dictated the use of transparent exit site wound dressings, which was contrary to local nurses' practice of using an opaque wound dressing. This study aimed to explore nurses' experiences with three types of CVC exit site dressings in the context of a randomised controlled trial (RCT).
Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was used. Transcripts from seven focus groups held with haemodialysis nurses were analysed thematically.
Results: Fifteen nurses, with varying haemodialysis experience, provided comments on the ease of applying and removing the dressings, problems encountered with the dressings, which dressing types they thought best or worst, and the value of having a specific work practice instruction developed for the RCT. It was clear that, although no dressing type was perfect, the opaque dressing was the best given the properties of the dressings, the patients' preferences, and the humid climate.
Conclusion: The perspectives voiced by the focus group participants support the need to modify the local health service's policy, in line with revised state and national guidelines for this type of patient cohort, to allow for individual, contextual and climatic considerations.
Cambridge Publishing
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42184/1/2016_Smyth_etal_WP%26R.pdf
http://www.awma.com.au/journal/2401_05.pdf
Smyth, Wendy, McArdle, Joleen, and Gardner, Anne (2016) Central venous catheter exit site dressings: balancing patients' needs, nurses' experiences and the research evidence. Wound Practice and Research, 24 (1). pp. 41-46.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42184/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42205
2024-03-04T15:05:53Z
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Modeling the impact of interventions against Acinetobacter baumannii transmission in intensive care units
Doan, Tan N.
Kong, David C.M.
Marshall, Caroline
Kirkpatrick, Carl M.J.
McBryde, Emma S.
The efficacy of infection control interventions against Acinetobacter baumannii remains unclear, despite such information being critical for effective prevention of the transmission of this pathogen. Mathematical modeling offers an alternative to clinical trials, which may be prohibitively expensive, unfeasible or unethical, in predicting the impact of interventions. Furthermore, it allows the ability to ask key "what if" questions to evaluate which interventions have the most impact. We constructed a transmission dynamic model to quantify the effects of interventions on reducing A. baumannii prevalence and the basic reproduction ratio (R0) in intensive care units (ICUs). We distinguished between colonization and infection, and incorporated antibiotic exposure and transmission from free-living bacteria in the environment. Under the assumptions and parameterization in our model, 25% and 18% of patients are colonized and infected with A. baumannii, respectively; and R0 is 1.4. Improved compliance with hand hygiene (≥87%), enhanced environmental cleaning, reduced length of ICU stay of colonized patients (≤ 10 days), shorter durations of antibiotic treatment of A. baumannii (≤6 days), and isolation of infected patients combined with cleaning of isolation rooms are effective, reducing R0 to below unity. In contrast, expediting the recovery of the intestinal microbiota (e.g. use of probiotics) is not effective. This study represents a biologically realistic model of the transmission dynamics of A. baumannii, and the most comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of interventions against this pathogen. Our study provides important data for designing effective infection control interventions.
Taylor & Francis
2016-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42205/6/42205_Doan%20et%20al_2015.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2015.1076615
Doan, Tan N., Kong, David C.M., Marshall, Caroline, Kirkpatrick, Carl M.J., and McBryde, Emma S. (2016) Modeling the impact of interventions against Acinetobacter baumannii transmission in intensive care units. Virulence, 7 (2). pp. 141-152.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42205/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42210
2024-03-02T15:48:12Z
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Modeling hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs: assumptions, limitations and future challenges
Scott, Nick
Hellard, Margaret
McBryde, Emma Sue
The discovery of highly effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments has led to discussion of elimination and intensified interest in models of HCV transmission. In developed settings, HCV disproportionally affects people who inject drugs (PWID), and models are typically used to provide an evidence base for the effectiveness of interventions such as needle and syringe programs, opioid substitution therapy and more recently treating PWID with new generation therapies to achieve specified reductions in prevalence and / or incidence. This manuscript reviews deterministic compartmental S-I, deterministic compartmental S-I-S and network-based transmission models of HCV among PWID. We detail typical assumptions made when modeling injecting risk behavior, virus transmission, treatment and re-infection and how they correspond with available evidence and empirical data.
Taylor and Francis
2016-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42210/6/42210_Scott%20et%20al_2015.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2015.1085151
Scott, Nick, Hellard, Margaret, and McBryde, Emma Sue (2016) Modeling hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs: assumptions, limitations and future challenges. Virulence, 7 (2). pp. 201-208.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42210/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42214
2024-03-02T14:24:29Z
7374617475733D707562
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The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013
Haagsma, Juanita A
Graetz, Nicholas
Bolliger, Ian
Naghavi, Mohsen
Higashi, Hideki
Mullany, Erin C
Abera, Semaw Ferede
Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal
Adofo, Koranteng
Alsharif, Ubai
Ameh, Emmanuel A
Ammar, Walid
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
Barrero, Lope H
Bekele, Tolesa
Bose, Dipan
Brazinova, Alexandra
Catalá-López, Ferrán
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dargan, Paul I
De Leo, Diego
Degenhardt, Louisa
Derrett, Sarah
Dharmaratne, Samath D
Driscoll, Tim R
Duan, Leilei
Petrovich Ermakov, Sergey
Farzadfar, Farshad
Feigin, Valery L
Franklin, Richard C.
Gabbe, Belinda
Gosselin, Richard A
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
Hijar, Martha
Hu, Guoqing
Jayaraman, Sudha P
Jiang, Guohong
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Krishnaswami, Sanjay
Kulkarni, Chanda
Lecky, Fiona E
Leung, Ricky
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Lyons, Ronan Anthony
Majdan, Marek
Mason-Jones, Amanda J
Matzopoulos, Richard
Meaney, Peter A
Mekonnen, Wubegzier
Miller, Ted R
Mock, Charles N
Norman, Rosana E
Orozco, Ricardo
Polinder, Suzanne
Pourmalek, Farshad
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Refaat, Amany
Rojas-Rueda, David
Roy, Nobhojit
Schwebel, David C
Shaheen, Amira
Shahraz, Saeid
Skirbekk, Vegard
Søreide, Kjetil
Soshnikov, Sergey
Stein, Dan J
Sykes, Bryan L
Tabb, Karen M
Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw
Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah
Theadom, Alice M
Tran, Bach Xuan
Vasankari, Tommi J
Vavilala, Monica S
Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret
Yip, Paul
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa Z
Yu, Chuanhua
Murray, Christopher J L
Vos, Theo
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country.
Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures.
Results: In 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31% (UI 26% to 35%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries.
Conclusions: Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made.
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
2016-12
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42214/6/42214%20Haagsma%20et%20al%202015%20.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616
Haagsma, Juanita A, Graetz, Nicholas, Bolliger, Ian, Naghavi, Mohsen, Higashi, Hideki, Mullany, Erin C, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Adofo, Koranteng, Alsharif, Ubai, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Barrero, Lope H, Bekele, Tolesa, Bose, Dipan, Brazinova, Alexandra, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Derrett, Sarah, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Petrovich Ermakov, Sergey, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Franklin, Richard C., Gabbe, Belinda, Gosselin, Richard A, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hijar, Martha, Hu, Guoqing, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jiang, Guohong, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kulkarni, Chanda, Lecky, Fiona E, Leung, Ricky, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan Anthony, Majdan, Marek, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Matzopoulos, Richard, Meaney, Peter A, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Miller, Ted R, Mock, Charles N, Norman, Rosana E, Orozco, Ricardo, Polinder, Suzanne, Pourmalek, Farshad, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Refaat, Amany, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roy, Nobhojit, Schwebel, David C, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Skirbekk, Vegard, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Stein, Dan J, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw, Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah, Theadom, Alice M, Tran, Bach Xuan, Vasankari, Tommi J, Vavilala, Monica S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Murray, Christopher J L, and Vos, Theo (2016) The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013. Injury Prevention, 22 (1). pp. 3-18.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42214/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42224
2024-03-03T15:02:04Z
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Fatal river drowning: the identification of research gaps through a systematic literature review
Peden, Amy E.
Franklin, Richard C.
Leggat, Peter A.
Introduction: Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death. Rivers are a common location for drowning. Unlike other location-specific prevention efforts (home swimming pools and beaches), little is known about prevention targeting river drowning deaths.
Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken using English language papers published between 1980 and 2014, exploring gaps in the literature, with a focus on epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies for river drowning.
Results: Twenty-nine papers were deemed relevant to the study design including 21 (72.4%) on epidemiology, 18 (62.1%) on risk factors and 10 (34.5%) that proposed strategies for prevention. Risk factors identified included age, falls into water, swimming, using watercraft, sex and alcohol. Discussion Gaps were identified in the published literature. These included a lack of an agreed definition for rivers, rates for fatal river drowning (however, crude rates were calculated for 12 papers, ranging from 0.20 to 1.89 per 100 000 people per annum), and consensus around risk factors, especially age. There was only one paper that explored a prevention programme; the remaining nine outlined proposed prevention activities. There is a need for studies into exposure patterns for rivers and an agreed definition (with consistent coding).
Conclusions: This systematic review has identified that river drowning deaths are an issue in many regions and countries around the world. Further work to address gaps in the published research to date would benefit prevention efforts.
BMJ Group
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42224/6/42224%20Peden%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041750
Peden, Amy E., Franklin, Richard C., and Leggat, Peter A. (2016) Fatal river drowning: the identification of research gaps through a systematic literature review. Injury Prevention, 22 (3). pp. 202-209.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42224/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42326
2024-03-03T15:03:33Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Child-report measures of occupational performance: a systematic review
Cordier, Reinie
Chen, Yu-Wei
Speyer, Reneé
Totino, Rebekah
Doma, Kenji
Leicht, Anthony
Brown, Nicole
Cuomo, Belinda
Introduction: Improving occupational performance is a key service of occupational therapists and clientcentred approach to care is central to clinical practice. As such it is important to comprehensively evaluate the quality of psychometric properties reported across measures of occupational performance; in order to guide assessment and treatment planning.
Objective: To systematically review the literature on the psychometric properties of child-report measures of occupational performance for children ages 2–18 years.
Methods: A systematic search of the following six electronic databases was conducted: CINAHL; PsycINFO; EMBASE; PubMed; the Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HAPI) database; and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was evaluated against the COSMIN taxonomy of measurement properties and the overall quality of psychometric properties was evaluated using pre-set psychometric criteria.
Results: Fifteen articles and one manual were reviewed to assess the psychometric properties of the six measures–the PEGS, MMD, CAPE, PAC, COSA, and OSA- which met the inclusion criteria. Most of the measures had conducted good quality studies to evaluate the psychometric properties of measures (PEGS, CAPE, PAC, OSA); however, the quality of the studies for two of these measures was relatively weak (MMD, COSA). When integrating the quality of the psychometric properties of the measures with the quality of the studies, the PAC stood out as having superior psychometric qualities.
Conclusions: The overall quality of the psychometric properties of most measures was limited. There is a need for continuing research into the psychometric properties of child-report measures of occupational performance, and to revise and improve the psychometric properties of existing measures.
Public Library of Science
2016-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42326/1/Cordier%20et%20al_Child-Report%20Measures%20of%20OccuPerform_SysReview_PlosOne2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147751
Cordier, Reinie, Chen, Yu-Wei, Speyer, Reneé, Totino, Rebekah, Doma, Kenji, Leicht, Anthony, Brown, Nicole, and Cuomo, Belinda (2016) Child-report measures of occupational performance: a systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11 (1). e0147751. pp. 1-24.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42326/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42335
2024-03-02T15:48:14Z
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The application of a multi-dimensional assessment approach to talent identification in Australian football
Woods, Carl T.
Raynor, Annette J.
Bruce, Lyndell
McDonald, Zane
Robertson, Sam
This study investigated whether a multi-dimensional assessment could assist with talent identification in junior Australian football (AF). Participants were recruited from an elite under 18 (U18) AF competition and classified into two groups; talent identified (State U18 Academy representatives; n = 42; 17.6 ± 0.4 y) and non-talent identified (non-State U18 Academy representatives; n = 42; 17.4 ± 0.5 y). Both groups completed a multi-dimensional assessment, which consisted of physical (standing height, dynamic vertical jump height and 20 m multistage fitness test), technical (kicking and handballing tests) and perceptual-cognitive (video decision-making task) performance outcome tests. A multivariate analysis of variance tested the main effect of status on the test criterions, whilst a receiver operating characteristic curve assessed the discrimination provided from the full assessment. The talent identified players outperformed their non-talent identified peers in each test (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve reflected near perfect discrimination (AUC = 95.4%), correctly classifying 95% and 86% of the talent identified and non-talent identified participants, respectively. When compared to single assessment approaches, this multi-dimensional assessment reflects a more comprehensive means of talent identification in AF. This study further highlights the importance of assessing multi-dimensional performance qualities when identifying talented team sports.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42335/1/The%20application%20of%20a%20multi%20dimensional%20assessment%20approach%20to%20talent%20identification%20in%20Australian%20football.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1142668
Woods, Carl T., Raynor, Annette J., Bruce, Lyndell, McDonald, Zane, and Robertson, Sam (2016) The application of a multi-dimensional assessment approach to talent identification in Australian football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34 (14). pp. 1340-1345.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42335/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42336
2024-03-03T14:19:58Z
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A comparison of athletic movement between talent identified juniors from different football codes in Australia: implications for talent development
Woods, Carl T.
Keller, Brad S.
McKeown, Ian
Robertson, Sam
This studied aimed to compare the athletic movement skill of talent identified (TID) junior Australian Rules football (ARF) and soccer players. The athletic movement skill of 17 TID junior ARF players (17.5 – 18.3 y) was compared against 17 TID junior soccer players (17.9 – 18.7 y). Players in both groups were members of an elite junior talent development program within their respective football codes. All players performed an athletic movement assessment that included an overhead squat, double lunge, single leg Romanian deadlift (both movements performed on right and left legs), a push up and a chin up. Each movement was scored across three essential assessment criteria using a three point scale. Total score for each movement (maximum of nine) and overall total score (maximum of 63) were used as the criterion variables for analysis. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tested the main effect of football code (two levels) on the criterion variables, whilst a one-way ANOVA identified where differences occurred. A significant effect was noted, with the TID junior ARF players outscoring their soccer counterparts when performing the overhead squat and push up. No other criterion's significantly differed according to the main effect. Practitioners should be aware that specific sporting requirements may incur slight differences in athletic movement skill between TID juniors from different football codes. However, given the low athletic movement skill noted in both football codes, developmental coaches should address the underlying movement skill capabilities of juniors when prescribing physical training in both codes.
National Strength and Conditioning Association
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42336/1/42336%20Woods%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001354
Woods, Carl T., Keller, Brad S., McKeown, Ian, and Robertson, Sam (2016) A comparison of athletic movement between talent identified juniors from different football codes in Australia: implications for talent development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30 (9). pp. 2440-2445.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42336/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42350
2024-03-02T15:48:16Z
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From personal to global: understandings of social accountability from stakeholders at four medical schools
Preston, Robyn
Larkins, Sarah
Taylor, Judy
Judd, Jenni
Aim: This paper addresses the question of how social accountability is conceptualised by staff, students and community members associated with four medical schools aspiring to be socially accountable in two countries.
Methods: Using a multiple case study approach this research explored how contextual issues have influenced social accountability at four medical schools: two in Australia and two in the Philippines. This paper reports on how research participants understood social accountability. Seventy-five participants were interviewed including staff, students, health sector representatives and community members. Field notes were taken and a documentary analysis was completed.
Results: Overall there were three common understandings. Socially accountable medical education was about meeting workforce, community and health needs. Social accountability was also determined by the nature and content of programs the school implemented or how it operated. Finally, social accountability was deemed a personal responsibility. The broad consensus masked the divergent perspectives people held within each school.
Conclusion: The assumption that social accountability is universally understood could not be confirmed from these data. To strengthen social accountability it is useful to learn from these institutions' experiences to contribute to the development of the theory and practice of activities within socially accountable medical schools.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42350/6/42350%20Preston%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1114596
Preston, Robyn, Larkins, Sarah, Taylor, Judy, and Judd, Jenni (2016) From personal to global: understandings of social accountability from stakeholders at four medical schools. Medical Teacher, 38 (10). pp. 987-994.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42350/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42351
2024-03-05T14:53:29Z
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Responses of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health-care services to continuous quality improvement initiatives
Larkins, Sarah
Woods, Cindy E.
Matthews, Veronica
Thompson, Sandra C.
Schierhout, Gill
Mitropoulos, Maxwell
Patrao, Tania
Panzera, Annette
Bailie, Ross Stewart
Background: Indigenous primary health-care (PHC) services participating in continuous quality improvement (CQI) cycles show varying patterns of performance over time. Understanding this variation is essential to scaling up and sustaining quality improvement initiatives. The aim of this study is to examine trends in quality of care for services participating in the ABCD National Research Partnership and describe patterns of change over time and examine health service characteristics associated with positive and negative trends in quality of care.
Setting and participants: PHC services providing care for Indigenous people in urban, rural, and remote northern Australia that had completed at least three annual audits of service delivery for at least one aspect of care (n = 73).
Methods/design: Longitudinal clinical audit data from use of four clinical audit tools (maternal health, child health, preventive health, Type 2 diabetes) between 2005 and 2013 were analyzed. Health center performance was classified into six patterns of change over time: consistent high improvement (positive), sustained high performance (positive), decline (negative), marked variability (negative), consistent low performance (negative), and no specific increase or decrease (neutral). Backwards stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between health service characteristics and positive or negative trends in quality of care.
Results: Trends in quality of care varied widely between health services across the four audit tools. Regression analyses of health service characteristics revealed no consistent statistically significant associations of population size, remoteness, governance model, or accreditation status with positive or negative trends in quality of care.
Conclusion: The variable trends in quality of care as reflected by CQI audit tools do not appear to be related to easily measurable health service characteristics. This points to the need for a deeper or more nuanced understanding of factors that moderate the effect of CQI on health service performance for the purpose of strengthening enablers and overcoming barriers to improvement.
Frontiers Research Foundation
2016-01-21
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42351/1/42351_Larkins_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00288
Larkins, Sarah, Woods, Cindy E., Matthews, Veronica, Thompson, Sandra C., Schierhout, Gill, Mitropoulos, Maxwell, Patrao, Tania, Panzera, Annette, and Bailie, Ross Stewart (2016) Responses of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health-care services to continuous quality improvement initiatives. Frontiers in Public Health, 3. 288. pp. 1-9.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42351/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42352
2024-03-05T14:58:31Z
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74797065733D61727469636C65
Are general practice characteristics predictors of good glycaemic control in patients with diabetes? A cross-sectional study
Esterman, Adrian J.
Fountaine, Tim
McDermott, Robyn
Objectives: To determine whether certain characteristics of general practices are associated with good glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and with completing an annual cycle of care (ACC).
Research design and methods: Our cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from the Australian Diabetes Care Project conducted between 2011 and 2014. Practice characteristics were self-reported. Characteristics of the patients that were assessed included glycaemic control (HbA₁(c) level ≤ 53 mmol/mol), age, sex, duration of diabetes, socio-economic disadvantage (SEIFA) score, the complexity of the patient's condition, and whether the patient had completed an ACC for diabetes in the past 18 months. Clustered logistic regression was used to establish predictors of glycaemic control and a completed ACC.
Results: Data were available from 147 general practices and 5455 patients with established type 1 or type 2 diabetes in three Australian states. After adjustment for other patient characteristics, only the patient completing an ACC was statistically significant as a predictor of glycaemic control (P = 0.011). In a multivariate model, the practice having a chronic disease-focused practice nurse (P = 0.036) and running educational events for patients with diabetes (P = 0.004) were statistically significant predictors of the patient having complete an ACC.
Conclusions: Patient characteristics are moderately good predictors of whether the patient is in glycaemic control, whereas practice characteristics appear to predict only the likelihood of patients completing an ACC. The ACC is an established indicator of good diabetes management. This is the first study to report a positive association between having completed an ACC and the patient being in glycaemic control.
Australasian Medical Publishing Company
2016-01-18
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42352/1/42352_McDermott_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja15.00739
Esterman, Adrian J., Fountaine, Tim, and McDermott, Robyn (2016) Are general practice characteristics predictors of good glycaemic control in patients with diabetes? A cross-sectional study. Medical Journal of Australia, 204 (1). 23. e1-e6.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42352/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42353
2024-03-02T15:48:16Z
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Community health workers as chronic care coordinators: evaluation of an Australian Indigenous primary health care program
Schmidt, Barbara
Campbell, Sandy
McDermott, Robyn
Objectives: To explore how a client-centred Chronic Care model was implemented by Indigenous Health Workers (IHWs) at participating sites in a trial of IHW-led case management. To understand the experiences of engaging with the model from the perspective of the IHWs, health team members and clients.
Methods: The review was conducted within a cluster randomised trial of the model in six remote Indigenous communities in north Queensland over 18 months. Content analysis was undertaken on 377 project records of health worker activity. Descriptive coding was used to classify issues that were grouped under key themes. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders and analysed using the key themes.
Results: Implementation of all elements of the intervention was not achieved. Key themes identified that describe the issues affecting the IHWs' capacity to implement the model were: service management, training, client engagement, clarification of IHW role and infrastructure.
Conclusions: Placing skilled and dedicated IHWs to improve care coordination is insufficient to improve chronic disease outcomes. A supportive and systematic service delivery system is also required.
Implications: The PHC model in remote Indigenous communities needs to be re-oriented to actively support the unique contributions of IHWs to chronic care coordination.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42353/6/42353%20Schmidt%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12480
Schmidt, Barbara, Campbell, Sandy, and McDermott, Robyn (2016) Community health workers as chronic care coordinators: evaluation of an Australian Indigenous primary health care program. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 40 (S1). S107-S114.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42353/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42359
2024-03-03T14:42:34Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
The management of Indigenous patients presenting with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in South Australia: a retrospective cohort study
Roe, Y.L.
Esterman, A.
McDermott, R.
Zeitz, C.
Aim: Using Australian guidelines for management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), we assessed the probability of an Indigenous patient receiving interventional and therapeutic care after presenting in two metropolitan hospitals.
Methods: A retrospective case note review of patients admitted through two Adelaide public tertiary hospital emergency departments from December 2007 to December 2009. The study cohort was 488 patients with high-risk clinical features without ST-segment-elevation.
Results: Indigenous patients were significantly younger, present later in the disease process and have a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors, when compared to non-Indigenous patients. Indigenous patients were 54% more likely to receive angiography (RR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.31;1.81) than non-Indigenous patients however this difference disappeared after adjustment for age, sex and propensity score. Indigenous patients were 20% more likely to receive the recommended medications (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.01;1.40) compared to non-Indigenous patients. Patients over 65 years were 53% less likely to receive an angiogram (RR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.38;0.56) and were 35% less likely to receive the recommended medications (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.54;0.78) than a patient at the ages of 18-49. Women were almost 20% less likely to receive an angiogram (RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.66;0.99) and 20% less likely to receive the recommended medications (RR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.71;0.91) when compared to men. The likelihood of receiving medications on discharge was significantly influenced by age, gender, ethnicity, comorbid burden and revascularisation.
Conclusions: The younger age and significantly higher risk profile of Indigenous adults presenting to SA hospitals with ACS appears to lead to different management decisions, which may well be led by patient factors. Many of these risk conditions can be better managed in the primary care setting.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42359/6/42359%20Roe%20et%20al%202016.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42359/7/42359%20-%20Roe%20et%20al%202016%20-%20Accepted.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.12949
Roe, Y.L., Esterman, A., McDermott, R., and Zeitz, C. (2016) The management of Indigenous patients presenting with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in South Australia: a retrospective cohort study. Internal Medicine Journal, 46 (2). pp. 202-2013.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42359/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42361
2024-03-03T14:57:14Z
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Trends in Indigenous and non-Indigenous caesarean section births in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1986-2012: a total population-based study
Thompson, F.
Dempsey, K.
Mishra, G.
Objective: To examine trends in caesarean section deliveries and factors associated with these trends for Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers.
Design: Total population-based study.
Setting: Northern Territory of Australia, 1986-2012.
Population: Pregnancies among Northern Territory residents, limited to singleton live births with cephalic presentations delivered at 37-42 weeks' gestation (n = 78 561).
Methids: Descriptive analyses of demographic and obstetric risk factors. Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate the likelihood of caesarean delivery with and without labour compared with vaginal delivery, over time and between Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers, adjusting for risk factors.
Main Outcome Measures: Trends in caesarean sections and risk of caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery.
Results: The total rate of caesarean deliveries in the Northern Territory increased between 1986 and 2012. From the year 2000, the rise was driven by increases in caesareans with labour among nulliparous mothers and no labour caesareans among multiparous mothers. Increases in demographic and obstetric risk factors explained the rise in caesareans with labour among nulliparous Indigenous mothers, whereas other unmeasured variables contributed to the rise among non-Indigenous mothers. Increases in previous caesarean delivery contributed to the rise in all caesareans among multiparous mothers. Following adjustment, the risk of Indigenous nulliparous mothers having a caesarean with labour was 47% greater than for non-Indigenous nulliparous mothers [adjusted risk ratio 1.47 (95% CI 1.34-1.60)].
Conclusions: Increases in demographic and obstetric risk factors partially explained the increase in caesarean rates in the Northern Territory and the contribution of these factors differed between Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42361/6/42361%20Thompson%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13881
Thompson, F., Dempsey, K., and Mishra, G. (2016) Trends in Indigenous and non-Indigenous caesarean section births in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1986-2012: a total population-based study. BJOG, 123 (11). pp. 1814-1823.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42361/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42363
2024-03-05T14:48:39Z
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Is there a mismatch between who gets iron supplementation and who needs it? A cross-sectional study of iron supplements, iron deficiency anaemia and socio-economic status in Australia
Callander, Emily J.
Schofield, Deborah J.
Fe deficiency anaemia (IDA) is more prevalent in lower socio-economic groups; however, little is known about who actually receives Fe supplements. This paper aims to determine whether the groups most likely to have IDA are the most likely to be taking Fe supplements. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using the cross-sectional, nationally representative National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey and National Health Measures Survey. After adjusting for other factors, those whose main language spoken at home was not English had twice the odds of having IDA compared with those whose main language spoken at home was English (95 % CI 1·00, 4·32). Those who were not in the labour force also had twice the odds of having IDA as those who were employed (95 % CI 1·16, 3·41). Those in income quintile 1 had 3·7 times the odds of having IDA compared with those in income quintile 5 (95 % CI 1·42, 9·63). Those whose main language spoken at home was not English were significantly less likely to take Fe supplements (P=0·002) than those whose main language spoken at home was English. There was no significant difference in the likelihood of taking Fe supplements between those who were not in the labour force and those who were employed (P=0·618); between those who were in income quintile 1 and in higher income quintiles; and between males and females (P=0·854), after adjusting for other factors. There is a mismatch between those who are most in need of Fe supplements and those who currently receive them.
Cambridge University Press
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42363/7/42363-Callander-Schofield-2016-Accepted-Version.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42363/1/Is%20there%20a%20miss-match%20between%20who%20gets%20iron%20supplementation%20and%20who%20needs%20it.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515004912
Callander, Emily J., and Schofield, Deborah J. (2016) Is there a mismatch between who gets iron supplementation and who needs it? A cross-sectional study of iron supplements, iron deficiency anaemia and socio-economic status in Australia. British Journal of Nutrition, 115 (4). pp. 703-708.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42363/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42391
2024-03-02T15:48:20Z
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Australian nursing students' experience of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement
Budden, Lea M.
Birks, Melanie
Cant, Robyn
Bagley, Tracy
Park, Tanya
Bullying and harassment in nursing are unacceptable behaviours in the workplace. There is a large body of evidence relating this problem, however little of it focuses on the experiences of nursing students. This prospective cross-sectional survey investigated Australian undergraduate nursing students' (N = 888) experiences of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement. Half (50.1%) of the students indicated they had experienced this behaviour in the previous 12 months. Younger students were more likely to be bullied/harassed than older students (p = 0.05). Participants identified perpetrators of bullying/harassment as registered nurses (56.6%), patients (37.4%), enrolled nurse's (36.4%), clinical facilitators (25.9%), preceptors (24.6%), nurse managers (22.8%) and other student nurses (11.8%). The majority of students reported that the experience of being bullied/harassed made them feel anxious (71.5%) and depressed (53.6%). Almost a third of students (32.8%) indicated that these experiences negatively affected the standard of care they provided to patients with many (46.9%) reconsidering nursing as their intended career. In the face of workforce attrition in nursing, the findings of this study have implications for education providers, clinical institutions and the profession at large.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42391/6/42391%20Budden%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.11.004
Budden, Lea M., Birks, Melanie, Cant, Robyn, Bagley, Tracy, and Park, Tanya (2016) Australian nursing students' experience of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement. Collegian, 24 (2). pp. 125-133.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42391/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42411
2024-03-05T14:33:48Z
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Neurocysticercosis-related mortality in Brazil, 2000-2011: epidemiology of a neglected neurologic cause of death
Martins-melo, Francisco
Ramos, Alberto Novaes Jr
Cavalcanti, Marta Guimarães
Alencar, Carlos Henrique
Heukelbach, Jorg
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an important cause of severe neurological disease mainly in low- and middle-income countries, but data on NCC mortality from endemic areas are scarce. Here we analysed the epidemiological patterns of NCC-related mortality in Brazil. We included all deaths recorded in Brazil between 2000 and 2011, in which NCC was mentioned on death certificates, either as underlying or as associated cause of death. NCC was identified in 1829/12,491,280 deaths (0.015%), 1130 (61.8%) as underlying cause, and 699 (38.2%) as associated cause. Overall age-adjusted mortality rate for the period was 0.97 deaths/1,000,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83-1.12). The highest NCC-related mortality rates were found in males, elderly, white race/colour and residents in endemic states/regions. Age-adjusted mortality rates at national level decreased significantly over time (annual percent change [APC]: -4.7; 95% CI: -6.0 to -3.3), with a decrease in the Southeast, South and Central-West regions, and a non-significant increasing trend in the North and Northeast regions. We identified spatial and spatiotemporal high-risk mortality clusters located mainly in NCC-endemic areas. Conditions related to the nervous system were the most commonly associated causes of death when NCC was mentioned as an underlying cause, and HIV/AIDS was the main underlying cause when NCC was an associated cause. NCC is a neglected and preventable cause of severe neurologic disease and death with high public health impact in Brazil. There is a clear need to strengthen nationwide epidemiological surveillance and control for the taeniasis/cysticercosis complex.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42411/1/42411%20Martins-Melo%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.011
Martins-melo, Francisco, Ramos, Alberto Novaes Jr, Cavalcanti, Marta Guimarães, Alencar, Carlos Henrique, and Heukelbach, Jorg (2016) Neurocysticercosis-related mortality in Brazil, 2000-2011: epidemiology of a neglected neurologic cause of death. Acta Tropica, 153. pp. 128-136.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42411/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42450
2024-03-05T14:54:07Z
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Correlates of heart rate measures with incidental physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight female workers
Tonello, Laís
Reichert, Felipe F.
Oliveira-Silva, Iransé
Del Rosso, Sebastián
Leicht, Anthony S.
Boullosa, Daniel A.
Previous studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impact on the autonomic control of heart rate (HR). However, previous studies evaluating PA levels did not discriminate between incidental PA and regular exercise. We hypothesized that incidental PA "per se" would influence cardiac autonomic indices as assessed via HR variability (HRV) and HR recovery (HRR) in non-exercisers. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between objective PA levels, CRF, and cardiac autonomic indices in adult, regular non-exercising female workers. After familiarization with procedures and evaluation of body composition, 21 women completed a submaximal cycling test and evaluation of HRR on four different days. Resting (2-min seated and standing) and ambulatory (4-h) HRV were also recorded. Levels of PA were assessed by accelerometry over five consecutive days (i.e., Wednesday to Sunday). Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured as an index of CRF. As reliability was low to moderate for most HR measures, relationships between these and PA and CRF were examined using the 4-day average measures. Significant correlations were identified between post-exercise HRR in the first min with various PA indices (daily moderate PA, daily vigorous PA, and the sum of vigorous and very vigorous daily PA). Additionally, VO2max was significantly correlated to HRV but not to HRR. The current results indicated that CRF was influential in enhancing HRV while incidental or non-exercise based PA was associated with greater autonomic reactivation in adult overweight women. Therefore, both CRF and non-exercise based PA contribute significant but diverse effects on cardiac health. The use of 4-day averages instead of single measures for evaluation of autonomic control of HR may provide a better indication of regular cardiac autonomic function that remains to be refined.
Frontiers Research
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42450/1/fphys-06-00405.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00405
Tonello, Laís, Reichert, Felipe F., Oliveira-Silva, Iransé, Del Rosso, Sebastián, Leicht, Anthony S., and Boullosa, Daniel A. (2016) Correlates of heart rate measures with incidental physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight female workers. Frontiers in Physiology, 6. 405.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42450/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42485
2018-08-31T19:14:45Z
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Australian Aboriginal perspectives of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Loh, Pek Ru
Hayden, George
Vicary, David
Mancini, Vincent
Martin, Neilson
Piek, Jan P.
[Extract] The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been based on a western concept of health, a concern when considering a non-western culture such as Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The lack of statistical data on the extent of ADHD in the Aboriginal community is another concern, a situation similar to many other mental health problems in the Indigenous population. Furthermore, no Australian studies have mentioned specific information on the prevalence of ADHD in Aboriginal communities. The WA Aboriginal Child Health Survey, however, reported that Aboriginal children had a higher risk of hyperactivity problems (15.8%) when compared to 9.7% for non-Aboriginal children (Zubrick et al., 2005).
Informa Healthcare
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42485/1/42485%20Loh%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867415624551
Loh, Pek Ru, Hayden, George, Vicary, David, Mancini, Vincent, Martin, Neilson, and Piek, Jan P. (2016) Australian Aboriginal perspectives of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50 (4). pp. 309-310.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42485/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42674
2024-02-29T14:21:26Z
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Land use influences mosquito communities and disease risk on remote tropical islands: a case study using a novel sampling technique
Meyer Steiger, Dagmar B.
Ritchie, Scott Alex
Laurance, Susan G.W.
Land use changes, such as deforestation and urbanization, can influence interactions between vectors, hosts, and pathogens. The consequences may result in the appearance and rise of mosquito-borne diseases, especially in remote tropical regions. Tropical regions can be the hotspots for the emergence of diseases due to high biological diversity and complex species interactions. Furthermore, frontier areas are often haphazardly surveyed as a result of inadequate or expensive sampling techniques, which limit early detection and medical intervention. We trialed a novel sampling technique of nonpowered traps and a carbon dioxide attractant derived from yeast and sugar to explore how land use influences mosquito communities on four remote, tropical islands in the Australian Torres Strait. Using this technique, we collected > 11,000 mosquitoes from urban and sylvan habitats. We found that human land use significantly affected mosquito communities. Mosquito abundances and diversity were higher in sylvan habitats compared with urban areas, resulting in significantly different community compositions between the two habitats. An important outcome of our study was determining that there were greater numbers of disease-vectoring species associated with human habitations. On the basis of these findings, we believe that our novel sampling technique is a realistic tool for assessing mosquito communities in remote regions.
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2016-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42674/1/42674_Ritchie_2015.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0161
Meyer Steiger, Dagmar B., Ritchie, Scott Alex, and Laurance, Susan G.W. (2016) Land use influences mosquito communities and disease risk on remote tropical islands: a case study using a novel sampling technique. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94 (2). pp. 314-321.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42674/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42681
2024-02-29T14:21:26Z
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74797065733D61727469636C65
The siren's song: exploitation of female flight tones to passively capture male Aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae)
Johnson, Brian J.
Ritchie, Scott A.
The need to capture male mosquitoes has intensified recently as a result of a number of male-based sterile insect technique (SIT) and population-modification programs focused on Aedes aegypti (L.) having initiated field releases. Here, we report the results of the successful exploitation of the attraction of male Ae. aegypti to female flight tones to enhance male collections in nonmechanical passive (nonbattery powered) Gravid Aedes Traps (GAT). Prior to field studies, male attraction to female flight tones of 484 and 560 Hz, as well as to a male flight tone of 715 Hz, were assessed in a series of controlled release–recapture and semifield trials. These trials determined that a pure tone of 484 Hz was significantly more attractive to free-flying males than the other flight tones and enabled their collection in sound-baited GATs (ca. 95% capture rate after 2 h; 484 Hz at 65 dB). In contrast, gravid females were unresponsive to male or female flight tones and were evenly distributed among sound-baited and control GATs. Importantly, under normal field conditions sound-baited GATs (484 Hz at 70 dB) captured significantly more male Ae. aegypti per 24-h trap interval (1.3 ± 0.37) than controls (0.2 ± 0.13). Overall, sound-bated GATs captured approximately twice as many Ae. aegypti (male and female; 3.0 ± 0.68 per interval, 30 total) than controls (1.5 ± 0.56 per interval, 15 total). These results reveal that sound-baited GATs are a simple and effective surveillance tool for Ae. aegypti that would allow current male-based SIT and population-modification programs to effectively monitor males in their target populations.
Entomological Society of America
2016-01-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42681/1/42681_Ritchie_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjv165
Johnson, Brian J., and Ritchie, Scott A. (2016) The siren's song: exploitation of female flight tones to passively capture male Aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (1). pp. 245-248.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42681/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42798
2024-03-02T15:18:22Z
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"Settling for less": designing undergraduate nursing curricula in the context of national accreditation
Ralph, Nicholas
Birks, Melanie
Cross, Wendy
Chapman, Ysanne
The quality of undergraduate nursing education is essential to producing graduates that are safe and effective practitioners, relevant to the broader contexts of care. National accreditation standards are focused on ensuring the quality of nursing programs in terms of public interest and safety. To ensure that nursing programs achieve the outcomes expected of them, effectively designing curricula as part of an accredited program is central to quality assurance in nursing education. The aim of the study is to explore the process of curriculum design in the context of national accreditation processes. A qualitative grounded theory methodology was adopted with interviews and document analysis undertaken. Findings revealed significant issues with the approaches used to inform curriculum design, resourcing, and staff capacity in the context of undergraduate nursing education. Strong whole-of-course curriculum design processes form the foundation of a quality system of undergraduate nursing education. The deficiencies in current practice have significant implications for the future of the nursing profession. While no clear and immediate solution is evident, identifying the nature of such limitations and implementing systematic, evidence-informed approaches to the process is crucial to improving the quality of undergraduate nursing education.
Elsevier
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42798/1/42798%20Ralph%20et%20al%202017.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.09.008
Ralph, Nicholas, Birks, Melanie, Cross, Wendy, and Chapman, Ysanne (2017) "Settling for less": designing undergraduate nursing curricula in the context of national accreditation. Collegian, 24 (2). pp. 117-124.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42798/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42870
2024-03-03T14:57:47Z
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Intensity, recovery kinetics and well-being indices are not altered during an official FIFA futsal tournament in Oceanian players
Charlot, Keyne
Zongo, Paul
Leicht, Anthony Scott
Hue, Olivier
Galy, Olivier
Physiological responses (intensity and recovery kinetics) and well-being indices were examined during a 4-day FIFA international tournament. Ten outfield New Caledonian players (age: 25.5 ± 3.8 years; height: 170 ± 7 cm; weight: 70.7 ± 8.6 kg) were assessed during the four matches. Players' aerobic and anaerobic capacities were measured before the tournament while heart rate (HR), intra-matches recovery and well-being indices (Hooper index) were measured throughout the tournament. HR (168 ± 8 bpm), exercise intensity (83.4 ± 2.3% of HR reserve) and recovery indices were similar throughout the tournament. Well-being indices were largely alike during the tournament while rating of perceived exertion increased throughout the tournament that was not associated with HR or well-being indices. High aerobic and anaerobic capacities were associated with high match intensities and slow recovery indices. In summary, match intensity assessed by HR, recovery kinetics and well-being of Oceanian futsal players were not modified during a 4-day FIFA futsal tournament. Assessment of aerobic and anaerobic capacities may be useful to select players for optimal performance during this type of international tournament.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42870/1/Charlot%20et%20al%20-JSS_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1056822
Charlot, Keyne, Zongo, Paul, Leicht, Anthony Scott, Hue, Olivier, and Galy, Olivier (2016) Intensity, recovery kinetics and well-being indices are not altered during an official FIFA futsal tournament in Oceanian players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34 (4). pp. 379-388.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42870/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43078
2024-03-02T15:18:56Z
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The first year experience of occupational therapy students at an Australian regional university: promoting student retention and developing a regional and remote workforce
Boehm, Jackie
Cordier, Reinie
Thomas, Yvonne
Tanner, Bronwyn
Salata, Karen
Objective: Student retention at regional universities is important in addressing regional and remote workforce shortages. Students attending regional universities are more likely to work in regional areas. First year experience at university plays a key role in student retention. This study aimed to explore factors influencing the first year experience of occupational therapy students at a regional Australian university.
Design: Surveys were administered to 58 second year occupational therapy students in the first week of second year. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (Pearson χ2; Spearman rho) and summarising descriptive responses.
Setting: An Australian regional university.
Participants: Second year undergraduate occupational therapy students.
Main outcome measures: Factors influencing students' decisions to study and continue studying occupational therapy; factors enhancing first year experience of university.
Results: Fifty-four students completed the survey (93.1%). A quarter (25.9%) of students considered leaving the course during the first year. The primary influence for continuing was the teaching and learning experience. Most valued supports were orientation week (36.7%) and the first year coordinator (36.7%).
Conclusion: The importance of the first year experience in retaining occupational therapy students is highlighted. Engagement with other students and staff and academic support are important factors in facilitating student retention. It is important to understand the unique factors influencing students' decisions, particularly those from regional and remote areas, to enter and continue in tertiary education to assist in implementing supports and strategies to improve student retention.
Wiley-Blackwell
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43078/1/43078%20Boehm%20et%20al%202017.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12252
Boehm, Jackie, Cordier, Reinie, Thomas, Yvonne, Tanner, Bronwyn, and Salata, Karen (2017) The first year experience of occupational therapy students at an Australian regional university: promoting student retention and developing a regional and remote workforce. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 25. pp. 22-27.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43078/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43161
2024-03-03T14:57:04Z
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Service level decision-making in rural physiotherapy: development of conceptual models
Adams, Robyn
Jones, Anne
Lefmann, Sophie
Sheppard, Lorraine
Background: Understanding decision-making about health service provision is increasingly important in an environment of increasing demand and constrained resources. Multiple factors are likely to influence decisions about which services will be provided, yet workforce is the most noted factor in the rural physiotherapy literature. This paper draws together results obtained from exploration of service level decision-making (SLDM) to propose 'conceptual' models of rural physiotherapy SLDM.
Method: A prioritized qualitative approach enabled exploration of participant perspectives about rural physiotherapy decision-making. Stakeholder perspectives were obtained through surveys and in-depth interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and reviewed by participants. Participant confidentiality was maintained by coding both participants and sites. A system theory-case study heuristic provided a framework for exploration across sites within the investigation area: a large area of one Australian state with a mix of regional, rural and remote communities.
Results: Thirty-nine surveys were received from participants in 11 communities. Nineteen in-depth interviews were conducted with physiotherapists and key decision-makers. Results reveal the complexity of factors influencing rural physiotherapy service provision and the value of a systems approach when exploring decision-making about rural physiotherapy service provision. Six key features were identified that formed the rural physiotherapy SLDM system: capacity and capability; contextual influences; layered decision-making; access issues; value and beliefs; and tensions and conflict.
Conclusions: Rural physiotherapy SLDM is not a one-dimensional process but results from the complex interaction of clusters of systems issues. Decision-making about physiotherapy service provision is influenced by both internal and external factors. Similarities in influencing factors and the iterative nature of decision-making emerged, which enabled linking physiotherapy SLDM with clinical decision-making and placing both within the broader healthcare context. The conceptual models provide a way of thinking about decisions informing rural physiotherapy service provision.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43161/6/43161_Adams_et_al_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pri.1627
Adams, Robyn, Jones, Anne, Lefmann, Sophie, and Sheppard, Lorraine (2016) Service level decision-making in rural physiotherapy: development of conceptual models. Physiotherapy Research International, 21 (2). pp. 116-126.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43161/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43164
2016-12-13T15:40:33Z
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Book review of "Drinking Smoke: the tobacco syndemic in Oceani" by A. Mac Marshall,Honolulu, HA, USA, University of Hawaii Press, 2013. SBN: 978-0-8248-3685-6
MacLaren, David
[Extract] Simplistic explanations of health, wellbeing, and disease in complex environments often result when analysts retreat into theoretical and methodological certainties embedded within their own, specific disciplines. Such explanations provide partial, and in some cases naïve understandings of how disease is manifest in groups of people across time, place, and space. Mac Marshall's Drinking Smoke is not one of these simplistic explanations—he embraces complexity. He systematically describes historical, political, environmental, socio-cultural, and economic aspects of how tobacco has become rooted in new ways in which people live in the contemporary Pacific. He also describes new ways in which they die as a result. This complexity is analyzed through the relatively new concept of "syndemic": how two or more "parts" of a complex population health problem are intertwined, and through different combinations that emerge over time, manifest in greater disease. In the case of tobacco, the author clearly articulates how it connects various biological diseases across Oceania, and describes the assorted historical, political, and sociocultural factors which introduced and then embedded tobacco there. Marshall describes "a complex, interrelated, multivariate phenomenon made up of both biological and sociocultural parts" (p. 191). Drinking Smoke in this way provides an in-depth, multi-disciplinary analysis of tobacco's negative impacts in Oceania, but also how it has been perceived as a commodity of desire, exchange, and progress.
Cambridge University Press
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43164/1/43164_MacLaren_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S001041751500064X
MacLaren, David (2016) Book review of "Drinking Smoke: the tobacco syndemic in Oceani" by A. Mac Marshall,Honolulu, HA, USA, University of Hawaii Press, 2013. SBN: 978-0-8248-3685-6. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 58 (1). pp. 266-268.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43164/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43188
2024-03-03T14:58:39Z
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Early life history of the 'Irukandji' jellyfish Carukia barnesi
Courtney, Robert
Browning, Sally
Seymour, Jamie
Adult medusae of Carukia barnesi were collected near Double Island, North Queensland Australia. From 73 specimens, 8 males and 15 females spawned under laboratory conditions. These gametes were artificially mixed which resulted in fertilized eggs. Post fertilization, most eggs developed to an encapsulated planula stage and then paused for between six days and six months prior to hatching as ciliated planulae. The paused stage planulae were negatively buoyant and adhered to substrate. The first planula was produced six days post fertilization, lacked larval ocelli, remained stationary, or moved very slowly for two days prior to metamorphosis into primary polyps. Mature polyps reproduced through asexual reproduction via lateral budding producing ciliated swimming polyps, which in turn settled and developed into secondary polyps. Medusae production for this species was in the form of monodisc strobilation, which left behind polyps able to continue asexual reproduction.
Public Library of Science
2016-03-08
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43188/1/43188_Seymour_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151197
Courtney, Robert, Browning, Sally, and Seymour, Jamie (2016) Early life history of the 'Irukandji' jellyfish Carukia barnesi. PLoS ONE, 11 (3). e0151197. pp. 1-13.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43188/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43237
2024-03-04T15:18:37Z
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Training for general practice: how Australia's programs compare to other countries
Sen Gupta, Tarun
Hays, Richard
Background: General practice in Australia and internationally has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past half century in terms of recognition, academic status, organisation and funding. Training pathways have also evolved in response to this changing environment.
Objectives: This paper compares some of the features of Australian and international general practice training using the educational standards developed by the World Organization of Family Doctors' (WONCA) Working Party on Education as a framework.
Discussion: General practice training in Australia, particularly rural training, is strong by international standards, but more lessons can still be learnt from other settings. Local contextual factors mean there are substantial differences in training across jurisdictions, but there are a number of similarities. There is increasing attention being paid to the many roles of a general practitioner, and the importance of a formalised, structured and well-resourced training program. More needs to be done internationally to ensure high-level primary care is available to all people, particularly the underserved.
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43237/1/43237%20Gupta%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2016/januaryfebruary/training-for-general-practice-how-australia%E2%80%99s-programs-compare-to-other-countries/
Sen Gupta, Tarun, and Hays, Richard (2016) Training for general practice: how Australia's programs compare to other countries. Australian Family Physician, 45 (1-2). pp. 18-21.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43237/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43250
2024-03-03T14:17:25Z
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All-age hospitalization rates in coal seam gas areas in Queensland, Australia, 1995-2011
Werner, Angela K.
Watt, Kerrianne
Cameron, Cate M.
Vink, Sue
Page, Andrew
Jagals, Paul
Background: Unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) is expanding globally, with Australia expanding development in the form of coal seam gas (CSG). Residents and other interest groups have voiced concerns about the potential environmental and health impacts related to CSG. This paper compares objective health outcomes from three study areas in Queensland, Australia to examine potential environmentally-related health impacts.
Methods: Three study areas were selected in an ecologic study design: a CSG area, a coal mining area, and a rural/agricultural area. Admitted patient data, as well as population data and additional factors, were obtained for each calendar year from 1995 through 2011 to calculate all-age hospitalization rates and age-standardized rates in each of these areas. The three areas were compared using negative binomial regression analyses (unadjusted and adjusted models) to examine increases over time of hospitalization rates grouped by primary diagnosis (19 ICD chapters), with rate ratios serving to compare the within-area regression slopes between the areas.
Results: The CSG area did not have significant increases in all-cause hospitalization rates over time for all-ages compared to the coal and rural study areas in adjusted models (RR: 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.04 as compared to the coal mining area; RR: 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.99-1.04 as compared to the rural area). While the CSG area did not show significant increases in specific hospitalization rates compared to both the coal mining and rural areas for any ICD chapters in the adjusted models, the CSG area showed increases in hospitalization rates compared only to the rural area for neoplasms (RR: 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.16) and blood/immune diseases (RR: 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.27).
Conclusions: This exploratory study of all-age hospitalization rates for three study areas in Queensland suggests that certain hospital admissions rates increased more quickly in the CSG study area than in other study areas, particularly the rural area, after adjusting for key sociodemographic factors. These findings are an important first step in identifying potential health impacts of CSG in the Australian context and serve to generate hypotheses for future studies.
BioMed Central Ltd
2016-02-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43250/1/43250_Watt_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2787-5
Werner, Angela K., Watt, Kerrianne, Cameron, Cate M., Vink, Sue, Page, Andrew, and Jagals, Paul (2016) All-age hospitalization rates in coal seam gas areas in Queensland, Australia, 1995-2011. BMC Public Health, 16 (125). pp. 1-11.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43250/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43337
2024-03-03T14:17:46Z
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The reproducibility of acquiring three dimensional gait and plantar pressure data using established protocols in participants with and without type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers
Fernando, Malindu
Crowther, Robert G.
Cunningham, Margaret
Lazzarini, Peter A.
Sangla, Kunwarjit S.
Buttner, Petra
Golledge, Jonathan
Background: Several prospective studies have suggested that gait and plantar pressure abnormalities secondary to diabetic peripheral neuropathy contributes to foot ulceration. There are many different methods by which gait and plantar pressures are assessed and currently there is no agreed standardised approach. This study aimed to describe the methods and reproducibility of three-dimensional gait and plantar pressure assessments in a small subset of participants using pre-existing protocols.
Methods: Fourteen participants were conveniently sampled prior to a planned longitudinal study; four patients with diabetes and plantar foot ulcers, five patients with diabetes but no foot ulcers and five healthy controls. The repeatability of measuring key biomechanical data was assessed including the identification of 16 key anatomical landmarks, the measurement of seven leg dimensions, the processing of 22 three-dimensional gait parameters and the analysis of four different plantar pressures measures at 20 foot regions.
Results: The mean inter-observer differences were within the pre-defined acceptable level (<7 mm) for 100 % (16 of 16) of key anatomical landmarks measured for gait analysis. The intra-observer assessment concordance correlation coefficients were >0.9 for 100 % (7 of 7) of leg dimensions. The coefficients of variations (CVs) were within the pre-defined acceptable level (<10 %) for 100 % (22 of 22) of gait parameters. The CVs were within the pre-defined acceptable level (<30 %) for 95 % (19 of 20) of the contact area measures, 85 % (17 of 20) of mean plantar pressures, 70 % (14 of 20) of pressure time integrals and 55 % (11 of 20) of maximum sensor plantar pressure measures.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study suggest that important gait and plantar pressure measurements can be reliably acquired. Nearly all measures contributing to three-dimensional gait parameter assessments were within predefined acceptable limits. Most plantar pressure measurements were also within predefined acceptable limits; however, reproducibility was not as good for assessment of the maximum sensor pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the reproducibility of several biomechanical methods in a heterogeneous cohort.
BioMed Central Ltd
2016-01-29
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43337/1/43337_Crowther_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13047-016-0135-8
Fernando, Malindu, Crowther, Robert G., Cunningham, Margaret, Lazzarini, Peter A., Sangla, Kunwarjit S., Buttner, Petra, and Golledge, Jonathan (2016) The reproducibility of acquiring three dimensional gait and plantar pressure data using established protocols in participants with and without type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 9 (4). pp. 1-12.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43337/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43339
2024-02-28T14:18:26Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Message on a bottle: are alcohol warning labels about cancer appropriate?
Miller, Emma R.
Ramsey, Imogen J.
Baratiny, Genevieve Y.
Olver, Ian N.
Background: Although most Australians are unaware of the risk, there is strong evidence for a direct link between alcohol consumption and many types of cancer. Warning labels on alcohol products have been proposed as a cost-effective strategy to inform the community of this health risk. We aimed to identify how Australians might respond to such an approach.
Methods: We conducted a national online survey canvassing responses to four separate cancer warning messages on labels. The graphically presented messages were informed by qualitative data from a series of focus groups among self-identified 'light-to-moderate' drinkers. For each label, participants were asked their level of agreement with impact statements about raising awareness, prompting conversation, influencing drinking behaviour and educating others about cancer risk. We analysed responses according to demographic and other factors, including self-reported drinking behaviour (using the 3-item Alcohol Use Disorder Test-AUDIT-C-scores).
Results: Approximately 1600 participants completed the survey, which was open to all Australian adults over a period of 1 month in 2014. Overall, the labels were well received, with the majority (>70 %) agreeing all labels could raise awareness and prompt conversations about the cancer risk associated with alcohol. Around 50 % or less agreed that the labels could influence drinking behaviour, but larger proportions agreed that the labels would prompt them to discuss the issue with family and friends. Although sex, AUDIT-C score and age were significantly associated with agreement on bivariate analysis, multivariate analyses demonstrated that being inclined to act upon warning label recommendations in general was the most important predictor of agreement with all of the impact statements. Having a low AUDIT-C score also predicted agreement that the labels might prompt behaviour change in friends.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that providing detailed warnings about cancer risk on alcohol products is a viable means of increasing public awareness of the health risks associated with alcohol consumption. Further research is needed to explore the ability of such warnings to influence behavioural intentions and actual drinking behaviour.
BioMed Central Ltd
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43339/1/43339%20Miller%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2812-8
Miller, Emma R., Ramsey, Imogen J., Baratiny, Genevieve Y., and Olver, Ian N. (2016) Message on a bottle: are alcohol warning labels about cancer appropriate? BMC Public Health, 16. 139. pp. 1-10.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43339/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43417
2024-03-05T14:38:45Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Determinants and gaps in preventive care delivery for Indigenous Australians: a cross-sectional analysis
Bailie, Christopher
Matthews, Veronica
Bailie, Jodie
Burgess, Paul
Copley, Kerry
Kennedy, Catherine
Moore, Liz
Larkins, Sarah
Thompson, Sandra
Bailie, Ross Stewart
Background: Potentially preventable chronic diseases are the greatest contributor to the health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians. Preventive care is important for earlier detection and control of chronic disease, and a number of recent policy initiatives have aimed to enhance delivery of preventive care. We examined documented delivery of recommended preventive services for Indigenous peoples across Australia and investigated the influence of health center and client level factors on adherence to best practice guidelines.
Methods: Clinical audit data from 2012 to 2014 for 3,623 well adult clients (aged 15–54) of 101 health centers from four Australian states and territories were analyzed to determine adherence to delivery of 26 recommended preventive services classified into five different modes of care on the basis of the way in which they are delivered (e.g., basic measurement; laboratory tests and imaging; assessment and brief interventions, eye, ear, and oral checks; follow-up of abnormal findings). Summary statistics were used to describe the delivery of each service item across jurisdictions. Multilevel regression models were used to quantify the variation in service delivery attributable to health center and client level factors and to identify factors associated with higher quality care.
Results: Delivery of recommended preventive care varied widely between service items, with good delivery of most basic measurements but poor follow-up of abnormal findings. Health center characteristics were associated with most variation. Higher quality care was associated with Northern Territory location, urban services, and smaller service population size. Client factors associated with higher quality care included age between 25 and 34 years, female sex, and more regular attendance.
Conclusion: Wide variation in documented preventive care delivery, poor follow-up of abnormal findings, and system factors that influence quality of care should be addressed through continuous quality improvement approaches that engage stakeholders at multiple levels (including, for example, access to care in the community, appropriate decision support for practitioners, and financial incentives and context appropriate guidelines).
Frontiers Research Foundation
2016-03-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43417/1/43417_Larkins_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00034
Bailie, Christopher, Matthews, Veronica, Bailie, Jodie, Burgess, Paul, Copley, Kerry, Kennedy, Catherine, Moore, Liz, Larkins, Sarah, Thompson, Sandra, and Bailie, Ross Stewart (2016) Determinants and gaps in preventive care delivery for Indigenous Australians: a cross-sectional analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 4. 34. pp. 1-11.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43417/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43421
2024-03-03T14:57:23Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Regional health workforce planning through action research: lessons for commissioning health services from a case study in Far North Queensland
Panzera, Annette June
Murray, Richard
Stewart, Ruth
Mills, Jane
Beaton, Neil
Larkins, Sarah
Creating a stable and sustainable health workforce in regional, rural and remote Australia has long been a challenge to health workforce planners, policy makers and researchers alike. Traditional health workforce planning is often reactive and assumes continuation of current patterns of healthcare utilisation. This demonstration project in Far North Queensland exemplifies how participatory regional health workforce planning processes can accurately model current and projected local workforce requirements. The recent establishment of Primary Health Networks (PHNs) with the intent to commission health services tailored to individual healthcare needs underlines the relevance of such an approach. This study used action research methodology informed by World Health Organization (WHO) systems thinking. Four cyclical stages of health workforce planning were followed: needs assessment; health service model redesign; skills-set assessment and workforce redesign; and development of a workforce and training plan. This study demonstrated that needs-based loco-regional health workforce planning can be achieved successfully through participatory processes with stakeholders. Stronger health systems and workforce training solutions were delivered by facilitating linkages and planning processes based on community need involving healthcare professionals across all disciplines and sectors. By focusing upon extending competencies and skills sets, local health professionals form a stable and sustainable local workforce. Concrete examples of initiatives generated from this process include developing a chronic disease inter-professional teaching clinic in a rural town and renal dialysis being delivered locally to an Aboriginal community. The growing trend of policy makers decentralising health funding, planning and accountability and rising health system costs increase the future utility of this approach. This type of planning can also assist the new PHNs to commission health services that meet the needs of the population and contribute to service and system improvement and innovation.
CSIRO Publishing
2016-02-29
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43421/1/43421_Larkins_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PY15149
Panzera, Annette June, Murray, Richard, Stewart, Ruth, Mills, Jane, Beaton, Neil, and Larkins, Sarah (2016) Regional health workforce planning through action research: lessons for commissioning health services from a case study in Far North Queensland. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22 (1). PY15149. pp. 63-68.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43421/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43422
2024-03-04T15:04:36Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Geographical access to radiation therapy in North Queensland: a retrospective analysis of patient travel to radiation therapy before and after the opening of an additional radiotherapy facility
Sharma, D.K.
Vangaveti, V.N.
Larkins, S.
Introduction: Access to radiation therapy (RT) underlies optimal care for prostate and breast cancer patients. This study investigates the impact of opening a new RT clinic on distance and road travel time to RT, and overall utilisation for prostate and breast cancer patients over a 3-year period in North Queensland (NQ), Australia.
Methods: The study used retrospective audit of two radiotherapy databases and a geographic information system to illustrate patient origins and distance to the RT clinic used over 3 years. Prostate and female breast cancer patients were selected from the radiation oncology databases of The Townsville Hospital (TTH) and Radiation Oncology Queensland (ROQ) Cairns between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2013. Distance from a patient's home origin to the RT facility was mapped using a geographic information system (ArcGIS software), and travel time (minutes) and road distance (km) determined by Google Maps road directions.
Results: Overall number of prostate and breast cancer patients treated by RT in Cairns and Townsville clinics increased by 16% in 2011–2012 and by 29% in 2012–2013 from year 1 values. In 2010, 44% of the patients travelled 200–400 km to RT, which reduced to 21% in 2013. By 2013, with a second treatment facility, more than 70% of patients lived within 200 km of an RT facility (p<0.0001). Total median road travel time reduced annually from 201 minutes in 2010–2011 to 66 minutes in 2011–2012 and 56 minutes in 2012–2013 (p<0.0001), corresponding to a decrease in the median distance travelled to an RT facility.
Conclusions: An additional RT facility in NQ has led to an increase in patients treated with RT for prostate and breast cancer and, on average, less travel distance and time to treatment, suggesting improvement in access to RT in NQ.
Australian Rural Health Education Network
2016-03-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43422/1/43422_Larkins_2016.pdf
http://www.rrh.org.au/articles/subviewnew.asp?ArticleID=3640
Sharma, D.K., Vangaveti, V.N., and Larkins, S. (2016) Geographical access to radiation therapy in North Queensland: a retrospective analysis of patient travel to radiation therapy before and after the opening of an additional radiotherapy facility. Rural and Remote Health, 16. 3640. pp. 1-10.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43422/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43428
2024-02-29T15:10:25Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Anopheles farauti is a homogeneous population that blood feeds early and outdoors in the Solomon Islands
Russell, Tanya L.
Beebe, Nigel W.
Bugoro, Hugo
Apairamo, Allan
Collins, Frank H.
Cooper, Robert D.
Lobo, Neil F.
Burkot, Thomas R.
Background: In the 1970s, Anopheles farauti in the Solomon Island responded to indoor residual spraying with DDT by increasingly feeding more outdoors and earlier in the evening. Although long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are now the primary malaria vector control intervention in the Solomon Islands, only a small proportion of An. farauti still seek blood meals indoors and late at night where they are vulnerable to being killed by contract with the insecticides in LLINs. The effectiveness of LLINs and indoor residual spraying (IRS) in controlling malaria transmission where the vectors are exophagic and early biting will depend on whether the predominant outdoor or early biting phenotypes are associated with a subpopulation of the vectors present.
Methods: Mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted in the Solomon Islands to determine if individual An. farauti repeat the same behaviours over successive feeding cycles. The two behavioural phenotypes examined were those on which the WHO recommended malaria vector control strategies, LLINs and IRS, depend: indoor and late night biting.
Results: Evidence was found for An. farauti being a single population regarding time (early evening or late night) and location (indoor or outdoor) of blood feeding. Individual An. farauti did not consistently repeat behavioural phenotypes expressed for blood feeding (e.g., while most mosquitoes that fed early and outdoors, and would repeat those behaviours, some fed late at night or indoors in the next feeding cycle).
Conclusions: The finding that An. farauti is a homogeneous population is significant, because during the multiple feeding cycles required to complete the extrinsic incubation period, many individual female anophelines will enter houses late at night and be exposed to the insecticides used in LLINs or IRS. This explains, in part, the control that LLINs and IRS have exerted against a predominantly outdoor feeding vector, such as An. farauti. These findings may be relevant to many of the outdoor feeding vectors that dominate transmission in much of the malaria endemic world and justifies continued use of LLINs. However, the population-level tendency of mosquitoes to feed outdoors and early in the evening does require complementary interventions to accelerate malaria control towards elimination.
BioMed Central
2016-03-09
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43428/1/43428_Burkot_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1194-9
Russell, Tanya L., Beebe, Nigel W., Bugoro, Hugo, Apairamo, Allan, Collins, Frank H., Cooper, Robert D., Lobo, Neil F., and Burkot, Thomas R. (2016) Anopheles farauti is a homogeneous population that blood feeds early and outdoors in the Solomon Islands. Malaria Journal, 15. 151. pp. 1-7.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43428/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43462
2024-02-29T15:10:35Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Determinants of host feeding success by Anopheles farauti
Russell, Tanya L.
Beebe, Nigel W.
Bugoro, Hugo
Apairamo, Allan
Cooper, Robert D.
Collins, Frank H.
Lobo, Neil F.
Burkot, Thomas R.
Background: The proportion of blood meals that mosquitoes take from a host species is a function of the interplay of extrinsic (abundance and location of potential hosts) and intrinsic (innate preference) factors. A mark-release-recapture experiment addressed whether host preference in a population of Anopheles farauti was uniform or if there were anthropophilic and zoophilic subpopulations. The corresponding fitness associated with selecting different hosts for blood meals was compared by measuring fecundity.
Methods: The attractiveness of humans for blood meals by An. farauti in the Solomon Islands was compared to pigs using tent traps. Host fidelity was assessed by mark-release-recapture experiments in which different colour dusts were linked to the host to which the mosquito was first attracted. Outdoor resting An. farauti were captured on barrier screens and the human blood index (HBI) as well as the feeding index were calculated. The fecundity of individual An. farauti after feeding on either humans or pigs was assessed from blood-fed mosquitoes held in individual oviposition chambers.
Results: Anopheles farauti were more attracted to humans than pigs at a ratio of 1.31:1.00. The mark-release-recapture experiment found evidence for An. farauti being a single population regarding host preference. The HBI of outdoor resting An. farauti was 0.93 and the feeding index was 1.29. Anopheles farauti that fed on a human host laid more eggs but had a longer oviposition time compared to An. farauti that had blood fed on a pig.
Conclusions: One of the strongest drivers for host species preference was the relative abundance of the different host species. Here, An. farauti have a slight preference for humans over pigs as blood meal sources. However, the limited availability of alternative hosts relative to humans in the Solomon Islands ensures a very high proportion of blood meals are obtained from humans, and thus, the transmission potential of malaria by An. farauti is high.
BioMed Central
2016-03-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43462/1/43462%20Russell%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1168-y
Russell, Tanya L., Beebe, Nigel W., Bugoro, Hugo, Apairamo, Allan, Cooper, Robert D., Collins, Frank H., Lobo, Neil F., and Burkot, Thomas R. (2016) Determinants of host feeding success by Anopheles farauti. Malaria Journal, 15. 152. pp. 1-9.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43462/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43471
2024-02-29T15:10:38Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Frequent blood feeding enables insecticide-treated nets to reduce transmission by mosquitoes that bite predominately outdoors
Russell, Tanya L.
Beebe, Nigel W.
Bugoro, Hugo
Apairamo, Allan
Chow, Weng K.
Cooper, Robert D.
Collins, Frank H.
Lobo, Neil F.
Burkot, Thomas R.
Background: The effectiveness of vector control on malaria transmission by long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) depends on the vectors entering houses to blood feed and rest when people are inside houses. In the Solomon Islands, significant reductions in malaria have been achieved in the past 20 years with insecticide-treated bed nets, IRS, improved diagnosis and treatment with artemisinin combination therapies; despite the preference of the primary vector, Anopheles farauti, to feed outdoors and early in the evening and thereby avoid potential exposure to insecticides. Rational development of tools to complement LLINs and IRS by attacking vectors outdoor requires detailed knowledge of the biology and behaviours of the target species.
Methods: Malaria transmission in Central Province, Solomon Islands was estimated by measuring the components comprising the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) as well as the vectorial capacity of An. farauti. In addition, the daily and seasonal biting behaviour of An. farauti, was examined and the duration of the feeding cycle was estimated with a mark-release-recapture experiment.
Results: Anopheles farauti was highly exophagic with 72 % captured by human landing catches (HLC) outside of houses. Three-quarters (76 %) of blood feeding on humans was estimated to occur before 21.00 h. When the hourly location of humans was considered, the proportion of exposure to mosquito bites on humans occurring indoors (πⁱ) was only 0.130 ± 0.129. Peak densities of host seeking An. farauti occurred between October and January. The annual EIR was estimated to be 2.5 for 2012 and 33.2 for 2013. The length of the feeding cycle was 2.1 days.
Conclusions: The short duration of the feeding cycle by this species offers an explanation for the substantial control of malaria that has been achieved in the Solomon Islands by LLINs and IRS. Anopheles farauti is primarily exophagic and early biting, with 13 % of mosquitoes entering houses to feed late at night during each feeding cycle. The two-day feeding cycle of An. farauti requires females to take 5–6 blood meals before the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) is completed; and this could translate into substantial population-level mortality by LLINs or IRS before females would be infectious to humans with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Although An. farauti is primarily exophagic, the indoor vector control tools recommended by the World Health Organization (LLINs and IRS) can still provide an important level of control. Nonetheless, elimination will likely require vector control tools that target other bionomic vulnerabilities to suppress transmission outdoors and that complement the control provided by LLINs and IRS.
BioMed Central
2016-03-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43471/1/43471_Russell_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1195-8
Russell, Tanya L., Beebe, Nigel W., Bugoro, Hugo, Apairamo, Allan, Chow, Weng K., Cooper, Robert D., Collins, Frank H., Lobo, Neil F., and Burkot, Thomas R. (2016) Frequent blood feeding enables insecticide-treated nets to reduce transmission by mosquitoes that bite predominately outdoors. Malaria Journal, 15. 156. pp. 1-9.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43471/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43473
2024-03-03T14:57:58Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Larval habitats of the Anopheles farauti and Anopheles lungae complexes in the Solomon Islands
Russell, Tanya L.
Burkot, Thomas R.
Bugoro, Hugo
Apairamo, Allan
Beebe, Nigel W.
Chow, Weng K.
Cooper, Robert D.
Collins, Frank H.
Lobo, Neil F.
Background: There is an urgent need for vector control tools to supplement long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying; particularly in the Solomon Islands where the primary vector, Anopheles farauti, is highly anthropophagic and feeds mainly outdoors and early in the evening. Currently, the only supplementary tool recommended by the World Health Organization is larval source management (LSM). The feasibility and potential effectiveness of LSM requires information on the distribution of anophelines, the productivity of larval habitats and the potential impacts of larval control on adult fitness.
Methods: The distribution of anophelines in Central and Western Provinces in the Solomon Islands was mapped from cross-sectional larval habitat surveys. The composition and micro-distribution of larval instars within a large permanent river-mouth lagoon was examined with a longitudinal survey. Density-dependent regulation of An. farauti larvae was investigated by longitudinally following the development and survival of different densities of first instars in floating cages in a river-mouth lagoon.
Results: Five anopheline species were molecularly identified from a range of fresh and brackish water habitats: An. farauti s.s., An. hinesorum, An. lungae, An. nataliae and An. solomonis. The most common habitats used by the primary malaria vector, An. farauti, were coastal lagoons and swamps. In the detailed study of lagoon micro-productivity, An. farauti was non-uniformly distributed with highest densities found at collections sites most proximal and distal to the mouth of the lagoon. The survival of An. farauti larvae was more than twofold lower when larvae were held at the highest experimental density (1 larva per 3.8 cm²) when compared with the lowest density (1 larva per 38 cm²).
Conclusions: The only documented major malaria vector collected in larval surveys in both Central and Western Provinces was An. farauti. Lagoons and swamps, the most common, largest and (potentially) most productive larval sites of this malaria vector, were "few, fixed and findable" and theoretically, therefore, amenable to successful LSM. However, the immense scale and complexity of these ecosystems in which An. farauti larvae are found raises questions regarding the ability to effectively control the larvae, as incomplete larviciding could trigger density dependent effects resulting in increased larval survivorship. While LSM has the potential to significantly contribute to malaria control of this early and outdoor biting vector, more information on the distribution of larvae within these extensive habitats is required to maximize the effectiveness of LSM.
BioMed Central
2016-03-15
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43473/1/43473%20Russell%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1196-7
Russell, Tanya L., Burkot, Thomas R., Bugoro, Hugo, Apairamo, Allan, Beebe, Nigel W., Chow, Weng K., Cooper, Robert D., Collins, Frank H., and Lobo, Neil F. (2016) Larval habitats of the Anopheles farauti and Anopheles lungae complexes in the Solomon Islands. Malaria Journal, 15. 164. pp. 1-9.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43473/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43527
2024-03-02T14:39:49Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Students' perceptions of the use of eportfolios in nursing and midwifery education
Birks, Melanie
Hartin, Peter
Woods, Cindy
Emmanuel, Elizabeth
Hitchins, Marnie
ePortfolios have been introduced into many higher education degrees in the past decade in an effort to help students to link theory, practice and personal experiences. This pilot study used a survey to examine ePortfolio use from the perspective of undergraduate nursing and postgraduate midwifery students. Fifty-seven students from a regional Australian university completed an online questionnaire which contained questions about the following areas of ePortfolio use: understanding of the tool; psychological perceptions; challenges around use; assessment; outcomes of use; benefits; maintenance of the ePortfolio; and enhanced learning. The majority of respondents were female, undergraduate students, aged 21–30 years. Results indicated that many students found ePortfolio use frustrating; in particular, technological and logistical challenges in using ePortfolios were highlighted. Most students, however, noted ePortfolios could be useful repositories for documents, reflections and learning experiences. Undergraduate students were more likely than postgraduate students to see the positive potential of ePortfolio use. The findings, coupled with the literature, raise questions about the effectiveness of ePortfolio use in nursing and midwifery education and, particularly, whether ePortfolios have been implemented with misguided and misinformed good intention. Further research is required to better understand the logistical and technological aspects of successful implementation of ePortfolios and fully capitalise on their benefits for nursing and midwifery education.
Elsevier Science BV
2016-05
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43527/1/43527_Birks_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.03.003
Birks, Melanie, Hartin, Peter, Woods, Cindy, Emmanuel, Elizabeth, and Hitchins, Marnie (2016) Students' perceptions of the use of eportfolios in nursing and midwifery education. Nurse Education in Practice, 18. pp. 46-51.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43527/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43544
2024-03-02T14:39:51Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
The use of player physical and technical skill match activity profiles to predict position in the Australian Football League draft
Woods, Carl T.
Veale, James P.
Collier, Neil
Robertson, Sam
This study investigated the extent to which position in the Australian Football League (AFL) national draft is associated with individual game performance metrics. Physical / technical skill performance metrics were collated from all participants in the 2014 national under 18 (U18) championships (18 games) drafted into the AFL (n = 65; 17.8 ± 0.5 y); 232 observations. Players were subdivided into draft position (ranked one to 65) and then draft round (one to four). Here, earlier draft selection (i.e., closer to one) reflects a more desirable player. Microtechnology and a commercial provider facilitated the quantification of individual game performance metrics (n = 16). Linear mixed models were fitted to data, modelling the extent to which draft position was associated with these metrics. Draft position in the first / second round was negatively associated with "contested possessions" and "contested marks", respectively. Physical performance metrics were positively associated with draft position in these rounds. Correlations weakened for the third / fourth rounds. Contested possessions / marks were associated with an earlier draft selection. Physical performance metrics were associated with a later draft selection. Recruiters change the type of U18 player they draft as the selection pool reduces. Juniors with contested skill appear prioritised.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43544/6/43544%20Woods%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1164334
Woods, Carl T., Veale, James P., Collier, Neil, and Robertson, Sam (2016) The use of player physical and technical skill match activity profiles to predict position in the Australian Football League draft. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35 (4). pp. 325-330.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43544/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43556
2017-06-09T01:54:06Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Effect of bolus viscosity on the safety and efficacy of swallowing and the kinematics of the swallow response in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: white paper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD)
Newman, Roger
Vilardell, Natàlia
Clavé, Pere
Speyer, Renée
Background: Fluid thickening is a well-established management strategy for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). However, the effects of thickening agents on the physiology of impaired swallow responses are not fully understood, and there is no agreement on the degree of bolus thickening.
Aim: To review the literature and to produce a white paper of the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD) describing the evidence in the literature on the effect that bolus modification has upon the physiology, efficacy and safety of swallowing in adults with OD.
Methods: A systematic search was performed using the electronic Pubmed and Embase databases. Articles in English available up to July 2015 were considered. The inclusion criteria swallowing studies on adults over 18 years of age; healthy people or patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia; bolus modification; effects of bolus modification on swallow safety (penetration/aspiration) and efficacy; and/or physiology and original articles written in English. The exclusion criteria consisted of oesophageal dysphagia and conference abstracts or presentations. The quality of the selected papers and the level of research evidence were assessed by standard quality assessments.
Results: At the end of the selection process, 33 articles were considered. The quality of all included studies was assessed using systematic, reproducible, and quantitative tools (Kmet and NHMRC) concluding that all the selected articles reached a valid level of evidence. The literature search gathered data from various sources, ranging from double-blind randomised control trials to systematic reviews focused on changes occurring in swallowing physiology caused by thickened fluids. Main results suggest that increasing bolus viscosity (a) results in increased safety of swallowing, (b) also results in increased amounts of oral and/or pharyngeal residue which may result in post-swallow airway invasion, (c) impacts the physiology with increased lingual pressure patterns, no major changes in impaired airway protection mechanisms, and controversial effects on oral and pharyngeal transit time, hyoid displacements, onset of UOS opening and bolus velocity—with several articles suggesting the therapeutic effect of thickeners is also due to intrinsic bolus properties, (d) reduces palatability of thickened fluids and (e) correlates with increased risk of dehydration and decreased quality of life although the severity of dysphagia may be an confounding factor.
Conclusions: The ESSD concludes that there is evidence for increasing viscosity to reduce the risk of airway invasion and that it is a valid management strategy for OD. However, new thickening agents should be developed to avoid the negative effects of increasing viscosity on residue, palatability, and treatment compliance. New randomised controlled trials should establish the optimal viscosity level for each phenotype of dysphagic patients and descriptors, terminology and viscosity measurements must be standardised. This white paper is the first step towards the development of a clinical guideline on bolus modification for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Springer
2016-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43556/6/43556%20Newman%20et%20al%202016.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43556/11/43556_Newman%20et%20al_2016_erratum.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9696-8
Newman, Roger, Vilardell, Natàlia, Clavé, Pere, and Speyer, Renée (2016) Effect of bolus viscosity on the safety and efficacy of swallowing and the kinematics of the swallow response in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: white paper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD). Dysphagia, 31 (2). pp. 232-249.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43556/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43605
2020-07-17T19:26:55Z
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74797065733D61727469636C65
Reactive agility tests: review and practical applications
Inglis, Paul
Bird, Stephen P.
Agility is defined as a rapid whole-body movement with change of direction or speed in response to a stimulus. However, traditional agility tests do not address this definition and are pre-planned with no stimulus. In response to this, studies have been conducted to develop a new agility test that incorporates a sport-specific stimulus. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on reactive agility tests and provide coaches with recommendations on the best way to test and develop agility in athletes. A literature search was conducted to find agility tests that used a sport-specific stimulus and tested higher and lesser-skilled athletes. Ten articles were identified that meet the criteria for inclusion with half of the studies incorporating a video based stimulus while the other half used a tester as the stimulus. It was found that reactive agility tests were a valid and reliable method of testing agility compared to traditional pre-planned agility tests. Reactive agility tests can also be used as a training drill to improve an athlete's perceptual and response times by using a sport specific stimulus while pre-planned agility drills may not.
Australian Strength and Conditioning Association
2016-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43605/6/43605_Bird_2016.pdf
Inglis, Paul, and Bird, Stephen P. (2016) Reactive agility tests: review and practical applications. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 24 (5). pp. 62-69.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43605/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43700
2024-03-02T15:16:37Z
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The relationship between social determinants of health, and rehabilitation of neurological conditions: a systematic literature review
Frier, Amanda
Barnett, Fiona
Devine, Sue
Purpose: This systematic literature review aims to explore the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH), and the rehabilitation of neurological conditions. In particular, the review will consider relationships between social determinants and peoples' attendance and sustained adherence to rehabilitation programs, and motivation regarding neurological rehabilitation.
Method: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature from electronic databases; MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL and Informit health, was conducted. Papers published between 2004 and 2014 were considered.
Results: Eleven quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a lack of research addressing SDH and neurological rehabilitation simultaneously. Cardiac and cancer rehabilitation studies reported employment and income, social support, transport, housing and food security as the most frequent SDH factors influencing attendance, sustained adherence and motivation. Given this association, a similar relationship between neurological rehabilitation and SDH is plausible.
Conclusions: Rehabilitation of neurological conditions can be a long and difficult process. To pursue optimal outcomes, an individual's social circumstances should be considered. Understanding how SDH interact with neurological rehabilitation may enhance service delivery, thus maximizing the possible rehabilitation outcomes for individuals. Future research that considers SDH and rehabilitation of neurological conditions jointly may benefit service providers and those requiring neurological rehabilitation.
Informa Healthcare
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43700/11/43700%20Frier%20et%20al%202017.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2016.1172672
Frier, Amanda, Barnett, Fiona, and Devine, Sue (2017) The relationship between social determinants of health, and rehabilitation of neurological conditions: a systematic literature review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39 (10). pp. 941-948.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43700/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43752
2024-03-05T15:08:29Z
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Self-reported changes in sun-protection behaviors at different latitudes in Australia
Djaja, Ngadiman
Janda, Monika
Lucas, Robyn M.
Harrison, Simone L.
van der Mei, Ingrid
Ebeling, Peter R.
Neale, Rachel
Whiteman, David
Nowak, Madeleine
Kimlin, Michael G.
Sun exposure is the most important source of vitamin D, but is also a risk factor for skin cancer. This study investigated attitudes toward vitamin D, and changes in sun exposure behaviour due to concern about adequate vitamin D. Participants (n=1,002) were recruited from four regions of Australia and completed self- and interviewer-administered surveys. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between participants' latitude of residence, vitamin D-related attitudes and changes in sun exposure behaviours during the last summer. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to model the association between attitudes and behaviours. Overall, people who worried about their vitamin D status were more likely to have altered sun protection and spent more time in the sun people not concerned about vitamin D. Concern about vitamin D was also more common with increasing latitude. Use of novel Item Response Theory analysis highlighted the potential impact of self-reported behaviour change on skin cancer predisposition due concern to vitamin. This cross sectional study shows that the strongest determinants of self-reported sun-protection behaviour changes due to concerns about vitamin D were attitudes and location, with people at higher latitudes worrying more.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016-05
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43752/1/43752%20Djaja%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.12582/epdf
Djaja, Ngadiman, Janda, Monika, Lucas, Robyn M., Harrison, Simone L., van der Mei, Ingrid, Ebeling, Peter R., Neale, Rachel, Whiteman, David, Nowak, Madeleine, and Kimlin, Michael G. (2016) Self-reported changes in sun-protection behaviors at different latitudes in Australia. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 92 (3). pp. 495-502.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43752/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43790
2024-03-05T14:23:20Z
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Solar ultraviolet and the occupational radiant exposure of Queensland school teachers: a comparative study between teaching classifications and behavior patterns
Downs, Nathan J.
Harrison, Simone L.
Garzon Chavez, Daniel R.
Parisi, Alfio V.
Classroom teachers located in Queensland, Australia are exposed to high levels of ambient solar ultraviolet as part of the occupational requirement to provide supervision of children during lunch and break times. We investigated the relationship between periods of outdoor occupational radiant exposure and available ambient solar radiation across different teaching classifications and schools relative to the daily occupational solar ultraviolet radiation H(ICNIRP) protection standard of 30J/m². Self-reported daily sun exposure habits (n=480) and personal radiant exposures were monitored using calibrated polysulphone dosimeters (n=474) in 57 teaching staff from 6 different schools located in tropical north and southern Queensland. Daily radiant exposure patterns among teaching groups were compared to the ambient UV-Index. Personal sun exposures were stratified among teaching classifications, school location, school ownership (government vs non-government), and type (primary vs secondary). Median daily radiant exposures were 15J/m² and 5J/m²H(ICNIRP) for schools located in northern and southern Queensland respectively. Of the 474 analyzed dosimeter-days, 23.0% were found to exceed the solar radiation protection standard, with the highest prevalence found among physical education teachers (57.4% dosimeter-days), followed by teacher aides (22.6% dosimeter-days) and classroom teachers (18.1% dosimeter-days). In Queensland, peak outdoor exposure times of teaching staff correspond with periods of extreme UV-Index. The daily occupational H(ICNIRP) radiant exposure standard was exceeded in all schools and in all teaching classifications.
Elsevier
2016-05
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43790/1/Solar%20ultraviolet%20and%20the%20occupational%20radiant%20exposure%20of%20Queensland%20final%20published.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.018
Downs, Nathan J., Harrison, Simone L., Garzon Chavez, Daniel R., and Parisi, Alfio V. (2016) Solar ultraviolet and the occupational radiant exposure of Queensland school teachers: a comparative study between teaching classifications and behavior patterns. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 158. pp. 105-112.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43790/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43791
2024-03-05T14:23:26Z
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Sun protection policies of Australian primary schools in a region of high sun exposure
Harrison, S.L.
Garzón-Chavez, D.R.
Nikles, C.J.
Queensland, Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer globally. Predetermined criteria were used to score the comprehensiveness of sun protection policies (SPP) of primary schools across Queensland. SPP were sought for schools in 10 regions (latitude range 16.3°S–28.1°S) from 2011 to 2014. Of the 723 schools sampled, 90.9% had a written SPP available publicly. Total SPP scores were low {mean 3.6 [95% CI: 3.4–3.9]; median 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 2, 4]}, with only 3.2% of schools achieving the maximum score of 12. Median SPP scores were higher in Northern and Central Queensland [both 2 (IQR 2, 6) and (IQR 2, 5), respectively] than in Southern Queensland [2 (IQR 2, 3); P = 0.004]. Clothing and hat-wearing were addressed in most policies (96% and 89%) while few schools used their SPP to plan outdoor events (5.2%) or reschedule activities to minimize sun exposure (11.7%). The SunSmart Schools program has been operating in Queensland for 17 years, and while most primary schools now have a written SPP, most are not comprehensive. Incentive-based approaches (5-star-rating award scheme and grants) may assist in addressing this issue, to reduce sun exposure of students and teachers. These data provide a baseline from which improvements in the comprehensiveness of school SPPs can be evaluated.
Oxford University Press
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43791/6/43791%20Harrison%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyw020
Harrison, S.L., Garzón-Chavez, D.R., and Nikles, C.J. (2016) Sun protection policies of Australian primary schools in a region of high sun exposure. Health Education Research, 31 (3). pp. 416-428.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43791/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43872
2024-03-04T15:04:16Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Strategies and approaches to vector control in nine malaria-eliminating countries: a cross-case study analysis
Smith Gueye , Cara
Newby, Gretchen
Gosling, Roland D.
Whittaker, Maxine A.
Chandramohan, Daniel
Slutsker, Laurence
Tanner, Marcel
Background: There has been progress towards malaria elimination in the last decade. In response, WHO launched the Global Technical Strategy (GTS), in which vector surveillance and control play important roles. Country experiences in the Eliminating Malaria Case Study Series were reviewed to identify success factors on the road to elimination using a cross-case study analytic approach.
Methods: Reports were included in the analysis if final English language draft reports or publications were available at the time of analysis (Bhutan, Cape Verde, Malaysia, Mauritius, Namibia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Turkmenistan). A conceptual framework for vector control in malaria elimination was developed, reviewed, formatted as a matrix, and case study data was extracted and entered into the matrix. A workshop was convened during which participants conducted reviews of the case studies and matrices and arrived at a consensus on the evidence and lessons. The framework was revised and a second round of data extraction, synthesis and summary of the case study reports was conducted.
Results: Countries implemented a range of vector control interventions. Most countries aligned with integrated vector management, however its impact was not well articulated. All programmes conducted entomological surveillance, but the response (i.e., stratification and targeting of interventions, outbreak forecasting and strategy) was limited or not described. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) was commonly used by countries. There were several examples of severe reductions or halting of IRS coverage and subsequent resurgence of malaria. Funding and operational constraints and poor implementation had roles. Bed nets were commonly used by most programmes; coverage and effectiveness were either not measured or not articulated. Larval control was an important intervention for several countries, preventing re-introduction, however coverage and impact on incidence were not described. Across all interventions, coverage indicators were incomparable, and the rationale for which tools were used and which were not used appeared to be a function of the availability of funding, operational issues and cost instead of evidence of effectiveness to reduce incidence.
Conclusions: More work is required to fill gaps in programme guidance, clarify the best methods for choosing and targeting vector control interventions, and support to measure cost, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of vector surveillance and control interventions.
BioMed Central
2016-01-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43872/1/43872%20Smith%20Gueye%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-z
Smith Gueye , Cara, Newby, Gretchen, Gosling, Roland D., Whittaker, Maxine A., Chandramohan, Daniel, Slutsker, Laurence, and Tanner, Marcel (2016) Strategies and approaches to vector control in nine malaria-eliminating countries: a cross-case study analysis. Malaria Journal, 15. 2. pp. 1-14.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43872/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43875
2024-03-04T15:02:24Z
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Health information systems and disability in the Lao PDR: a qualitative study
Durham, Jo
Sychareun, Vanphanom
Rodney, Anna
Gouda, Hebe N.
Richards, Nicola
Rampatige, Rasika
Whittaker, Maxine
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provides an opportunity to strengthen disability-related health information. This study analysed the health information system in Lao PDR and sought evidence of interventions to improve disability-related health information. The study was based on a literature review and key informant interviews (N = 17) informed by the Health Metrics Network's Framework and Standards and the Performance of Routine Information System Management framework. The Lao health information system is in an embryonic stage with health data often incomplete, inaccurate and poorly used. Indicators related to disability or functioning are not included, and capacity to diagnose the health condition of disability is limited. No studies of health information interventions were found. As a State Party to the CRPD, the Lao PDR has a legal obligation to collect health-related information on people with disabilities. Given the nascent stage of development of the health information system in the Lao PDR and diagnostic capacity, indicators related to basic functioning and access to services should be integrated into household level surveys. As the health information system further develops, small, incremental changes in the type of disability information and rehabilitation and the way it is collected can be implemented.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43875/6/43875%20Durham%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2319
Durham, Jo, Sychareun, Vanphanom, Rodney, Anna, Gouda, Hebe N., Richards, Nicola, Rampatige, Rasika , and Whittaker, Maxine (2016) Health information systems and disability in the Lao PDR: a qualitative study. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 31 (4). pp. 446-458.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43875/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43884
2024-03-02T14:41:04Z
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Miscarriage in Australia: the geographical inequity of healthcare services
Edwards, Susan
Birks, Melanie
Chapman, Ysanne
Yates, Karen
Complications in early pregnancy can lead to pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and ultimately the presentation of a woman to their local emergency department (ED). Miscarriage is a common occurrence, with one in six pregnancies resulting in pregnancy loss. Unfortunately medical and nursing care does not change the likelihood of a threatened miscarriage progressing to pregnancy loss; this is a highly emotional and stressful time for the woman and her family. Research has shown that women have often felt dissatisfied with the care provided in the emergency department and have reported lower levels of satisfaction (Geller et al., 20102, Indig et al., 20113). This paper explores the challenges in the provision of emergency department healthcare for women presenting to metropolitan EDs and compares these to those faced by women who present to non-metropolitan EDs with early pregnancy complications.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43884/6/43884%20Edwards%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2016.02.001
Edwards, Susan, Birks, Melanie, Chapman, Ysanne, and Yates, Karen (2016) Miscarriage in Australia: the geographical inequity of healthcare services. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 19 (2). pp. 106-111.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43884/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44021
2024-03-01T14:40:25Z
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Supporting Australia's new veterans
Gill, Gerard F.
Bain, Roderick
Seidl, Isaac
Background: The recent period of instability and conflict in parts of the world has exposed a new generation of Australian service members to conflict and its associated traumas.
Objective: The aim of this article is to assist general practitioners (GPs) in engaging with younger veterans who have served in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) since 1990 and acquired health problems as a result of this service. It provides abbreviated advice on the resources available from the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA), particularly for mental health problems, and how to efficiently access DVA-funded services for newer veterans.
Discussion: Early detection of and attention to health problems (especially mental ill health) arising from military service, particularly from conflict or peacekeeping missions, has been found to improve veterans' health, their functioning and family happiness. GPs are ideally situated to arrange and coordinate this care.
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44021/1/44021%20Gill%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2016/march/supporting-australia%E2%80%99s-new-veterans/
Gill, Gerard F., Bain, Roderick, and Seidl, Isaac (2016) Supporting Australia's new veterans. Australian Family Physician, 45 (3). pp. 102-106.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44021/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44022
2024-03-03T14:19:29Z
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Gene diversity and genetic variation in lung flukes (genus Paragonimus)
Blair, David
Nawa, Yukifumi
Mitreva, Makedonka
Doanh, Pham Ngoc
Paragonimiasis caused by lung flukes (genus Paragonimus) is a neglected disease occurring in Asia, Africa and the Americas. The genus is species-rich, ancient and widespread. Genetic diversity is likely to be considerable, but investigation of this remains confined to a few populations of a few species. In recent years, studies of genetic diversity have moved from isoenzyme analysis to molecular phylogenetic analysis based on selected DNA sequences. The former offered better resolution of questions relating to allelic diversity and gene flow, whereas the latter is more suitable for questions relating to molecular taxonomy and phylogeny. A picture is emerging of a highly diverse taxon of parasites, with the greatest diversity found in eastern and southern Asia where ongoing speciation might be indicated by the presence of several species complexes. Diversity of lung flukes in Africa and the Americas is very poorly sampled. Functional molecules that might be of value for immunodiagnosis, or as targets for medical intervention, are of great interest. Characterisation of these from Paragonimus species has been ongoing for a number of years. However, the imminent release of genomic and transcriptomic data for several species of Paragonimus will dramatically increase the rate of discovery of such molecules, and illuminate their diversity within and between species.
Elsevier
2016-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44022/1/Blair%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trv101
Blair, David, Nawa, Yukifumi, Mitreva, Makedonka, and Doanh, Pham Ngoc (2016) Gene diversity and genetic variation in lung flukes (genus Paragonimus). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 110 (1). pp. 6-12.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44022/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44024
2024-03-01T14:40:39Z
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A critical review of the effectiveness of environmental assessment and modification in the prevention of falls amongst community dwelling older people
Pighills, Alison
Ballinger, Claire
Pickering, Ruth
Chari, Satyan
Introduction: The potential of environmental assessment and modification to reduce falls has recently received attention within the gerontology literature. Research investigating the clinical effectiveness of this intervention in falls prevention reports conflicting results. Discrepancies are due to variation in the risk profile of study participants and the health care background of the person providing the environmental intervention or the intensity of the intervention provided.
Method: The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two systematic reviews, which include meta-analyses, of environmental interventions for falls prevention in community dwelling older people, using the critical appraisal skills programme tool for systematic reviews.
Findings: Both reviews found that: environmental assessment and modification was effective in falls prevention; intervention was effective with high but not low risk participants; and that high intensity environmental assessment was effective, whereas low intensity intervention was not. Environmental interventions which were delivered by occupational therapists were deemed high intensity, probably because their underpinning theoretical frameworks focus on the impact of the environment on function.
Conclusion: We discuss possible reasons why occupational therapist led environmental assessment and modification is clinically effective in falls prevention, for people at high risk of falls, whereas non occupational therapist led intervention is not.
College of Occupational Therapists
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44024/1/44024_Pighills%20et%20al_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022615600181
Pighills, Alison, Ballinger, Claire, Pickering, Ruth, and Chari, Satyan (2016) A critical review of the effectiveness of environmental assessment and modification in the prevention of falls amongst community dwelling older people. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79 (3). pp. 133-143.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44024/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44028
2024-03-03T14:18:37Z
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Commissioning for healthcare: a case study of the general practitioners After Hours Program
Carlisle, Karen
Fleming, Rhonda
Berrigan, Alison
A strong primary healthcare system that is effective and efficient is a priority for health reform in Australia. Commissioning to support primary healthcare delivery has received increasing attention as part of healthcare reform in Australia and beyond. The aim of this paper is to present a case study of transitioning to an activity-based model for the provision of GP after-hours services in Australia. The GP After-Hours Program utilised a commissioning model that comprised of needs assessment, service development, provider engagement and evaluation. Evaluation of the new model showed a 17% increase in after-hours services, with service providers indicating that they were satisfied with the new process. Examination of the experience of implementation suggests that the commissioning model provided a useful framework for guiding activity-based funding for after-hours services. However, relational factors, such as engagement with the community, knowledge of the wider context and legitimacy of the commissioning body, can affect the implementation process.
CSIRO Publishing
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44028/1/44028%20Carlise%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PY15036
Carlisle, Karen, Fleming, Rhonda, and Berrigan, Alison (2016) Commissioning for healthcare: a case study of the general practitioners After Hours Program. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22 (1). pp. 22-25.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44028/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44037
2024-03-03T14:18:39Z
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Cardiac autonomic and salivary responses to a repeated training bout in elite swimmers
Edmonds, Rohan
Leicht, Anthony
Burkett, Brendan
McKean, Mark
This study examined the acute training responses of heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary biomarkers (immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase) following a standardised training bout in Paralympic swimmers. Changes in HRV, sIgA and sAA were documented Monday morning, Monday afternoon and Tuesday morning over a 14-week monitoring period leading into international competition. Magnitude based inferences with effect sizes (ES) were used to assess the practical significance of changes each week. Normal training responses elicited increases in HR, 1, sAA and sIgA, accompanied by decreases in HF(nu), standard deviation of instantaneous RR variability (SD1) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) from Monday morning to Monday afternoon, and to Tuesday morning with similar week to week responses for most variables. Changes in RMSSD from Monday a.m. to p.m. were likely smaller (less negative) for Week 7 (78/18/3, ES = 0.40) following a competition weekend with similar changes observed from Monday a.m. to Tuesday a.m. (90/5/5, ES = 1.30). In contrast, the change in sAA from Monday a.m. to p.m. was very likely less (more negative) at Week 7 (0/0/99, ES = -2.46), with similar changes observed from Monday a.m. to Tuesday a.m. (0/0/99, ES = -4.69). During the taper period, there were also likely increases in parasympathetic modulations (RMSSD, Weeks 12-14) along with increased immune function (sIgA, Week 13) that demonstrated a favourable state of athlete preparedness. Used together, HRV and sAA provide coaches with valuable information regarding physiological changes in response to training and competition.
MDPI
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44037/1/Edmonds%20et%20al%20-%20Sports%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports4010013
Edmonds, Rohan, Leicht, Anthony, Burkett, Brendan, and McKean, Mark (2016) Cardiac autonomic and salivary responses to a repeated training bout in elite swimmers. Sports, 4 (1). 13.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44037/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44086
2016-07-26T01:08:07Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Working with families in community services: multidisciplinary perceptions of working with children and their parents
Smyth, Wendy
Kruze, Rose
Al Mamun, Abdullah
White, Andrew
Shields, Linda
Background: In Australia, family-centred care is well known in community child health. Previous studies show that staff in acute paediatrics feel more positive about working with children than with parents.
Aims: To test perceptions of nurses, doctors and allied health staff in community child health, about working with children and parents.
Methods: Forty-eight staff in community child health in regional Australia completed 'Working with Families' questionnaire.
Findings: Scores (1 lowest - 5 highest): working with children: 4.29 (CI 4.06, 4.51); with parents 3.90 (CI 3.68, 4.12); mean difference -0.39 (CI -0.54, 0.23; p<0.001). No significant relationships occurred between scores and demographics.
Discussion: Community child health staff were more positive about working with children. People work in paediatrics and child health because they like children, but if family-centred care was effectively implemented no such difference would occur. This study used a small sample.
Implications for practice: Staff in community child health require support and education about family-centred care. This study needs replication with a larger sample.
Conclusion: Family-centred care is the cornerstone of community child health. However, staff in this small sample, similarly to acute settings, were more positive about working with children than parents, suggesting problems with implementing family-centred care.
Cambridge Publishing
2016-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44086/1/2016_Smyth_etal_NPCHN.pdf
http://www.cambridgepublishing.com.au/media/10426/npchn_march_cover_contents.pdf
Smyth, Wendy, Kruze, Rose, Al Mamun, Abdullah, White, Andrew, and Shields, Linda (2016) Working with families in community services: multidisciplinary perceptions of working with children and their parents. Neonatal, Paediatric and Child Health Nursing, 19 (1). pp. 18-23.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44086/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44120
2024-03-02T15:18:57Z
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'It's the simple things you do first that start the process of help': undergraduate nursing and midwifery students' experiences of the Mental Health First Aid Course
Kelly, Jenny
Birks, Melanie
Background: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is the initial help offered to a person developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis. The MHFA course is a twelve hour evidence-based course which teaches members of the general public to provide first aid assistance until the crisis resolves or the individual receives professional help. While the MHFA program does not teach people to provide a diagnosis or treat mental health conditions, it has been established as an effective tool in improving mental health literacy, reducing stigma and increasing helping behaviours.
Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of students who completed a tailored 13-hour version of this MHFA course specifically developed for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students.
Method: Sixty-six students, the majority of whom were female and aged 17-55 years, completed an online survey. The survey sought to explore the perspectives of students in respect of both undertaking the course as well as its value in retrospect. Areas explored in the survey included: relevance and value of content; strengths and weaknesses of the course; if and how they had applied any of the skills learnt and overall perceptions of the course.
Results: Findings showed that the vast majority of students (86%) regarded the course as appropriate for nursing and midwifery students with 89% stating they would recommend the course to other university students.
Conclusion: Data indicates that the course had application and impact following completion beyond what had been anticipated by the students. Responses to the open ended questions suggest widespread support for the routine offering of this course for beginning nursing and midwifery students nationwide.
Elsevier
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44120/1/44120%20Kelly%20et%20al%202017.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2016.04.004
Kelly, Jenny, and Birks, Melanie (2017) 'It's the simple things you do first that start the process of help': undergraduate nursing and midwifery students' experiences of the Mental Health First Aid Course. Collegian, 24 (3). pp. 275-280.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44120/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44121
2024-02-29T14:51:07Z
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Culturally capable and culturally safe: caseload care for Indigenous women by Indigenous midwifery students
West, R.
Gamble, J.
Kelly, J.
Milne, T.
Duffy, E.
Sidebotham, M.
Background: Evidence is emerging of the benefits to students of providing continuity of midwifery care as a learning strategy in midwifery education, however little is known about the value of this strategy for midwifery students.
Aim: To explore Indigenous students' perceptions of providing continuity of midwifery care to Indigenous women whilst undertaking a Bachelor of Midwifery.
Methods: Indigenous Bachelor of Midwifery students' experiences of providing continuity of midwifery care to Indigenous childbearing women were explored within an Indigenous research approach using a narrative inquiry framework. Participants were three Indigenous midwifery students who provided continuity of care to Indigenous women.
Findings: Three interconnected themes; facilitating connection, being connected, and journeying with the woman. These themes contribute to the overarching finding that the experience of providing continuity of care for Indigenous women creates a sense of personal affirmation, purpose and a validation of cultural identity in Indigenous students.
Discussion and Conclusions: Midwifery philosophy aligns strongly with the Indigenous health philosophy and this provides a learning platform for Indigenous student midwives. Privileging Indigenous culture within midwifery education programs assists students develop a sense of purpose and affirms them in their emerging professional role and within their community. The findings from this study illustrate the demand for, and pertinence of, continuity of care midwifery experiences with Indigenous women as fundamental to increasing the Indigenous midwifery workforce in Australia. Australian universities should provide this experience for Indigenous student midwives.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44121/6/44121%20West%20et%20al%202016.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2016.05.003
West, R., Gamble, J., Kelly, J., Milne, T., Duffy, E., and Sidebotham, M. (2016) Culturally capable and culturally safe: caseload care for Indigenous women by Indigenous midwifery students. Women and Birth, 29 (6). pp. 524-530.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44121/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44131
2024-03-03T14:58:13Z
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The comparison of cold-water immersion and cold air therapy on maximal cycling performance and recovery markers following strength exercises
Hayter, Kane
Doma, Kenji
Schumann, Moritz
Deakin, Glen
This study examined the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) and cold air therapy (CAT) on maximal cycling performance (i.e. anaerobic power) and markers of muscle damage following a strength training session. Twenty endurance-trained but strength-untrained male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) participants were randomised into either: CWI (15 min in 14 °C water to iliac crest) or CAT (15 min in 14 °C air) immediately following strength training (i.e. 3 sets of leg press, leg extensions and leg curls at 6 repetition maximum, respectively). Creatine kinase, muscle soreness and fatigue, isometric knee extensor and flexor torque and cycling anaerobic power were measured prior to, immediately after and at 24 (T24), 48 (T48) and 72 (T72) h post-strength exercises. No significant differences were found between treatments for any of the measured variables (p > 0.05). However, trends suggested recovery was greater in CWI than CAT for cycling anaerobic power at T24 (10% ± 2%, ES = 0.90), T48 (8% ± 2%, ES = 0.64) and T72 (8% ± 7%, ES = 0.76). The findings suggest the combination of hydrostatic pressure and cold temperature may be favourable for recovery from strength training rather than cold temperature alone.
PeerJ, Ltd.
2016-03-28
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44131/1/44131%20Hayter%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1841
Hayter, Kane, Doma, Kenji, Schumann, Moritz, and Deakin, Glen (2016) The comparison of cold-water immersion and cold air therapy on maximal cycling performance and recovery markers following strength exercises. PeerJ, 2016 (3). 1841. pp. 1-17.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44131/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44132
2024-03-02T15:58:45Z
7374617475733D707562
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Postactivation potentiation of dynamic conditioning contractions on rowing sprint performance
Doma, Kenji
Sinclair, Wade H.
Hervert, Sarah R.
Leicht, Anthony S.
Objectives: This study examined the post-activation potentiation effects of maximal dynamic contractions and gender on rowing sprint ability.
Design: Repeated measures.
Methods: Thirty four male (n = 17) and female (n = 17) university students with experience in rowing took part in this study conducted across three weeks. Following familiarisation of the 10-second maximal rowing performance test on a rowing ergometer during Week 1, participants were randomly allocated to either complete a control or experimental session during Week 2 and 3. One rowing performance test was conducted during the control session whilst two rowing performance tests were conducted during the experimental session separated by 6-minutes. The first rowing performance test during the experimental session was used to: 1) compare measures with the control session to assess day-to-day repeatability; and 2) induce post-activation potentiation effects for the second rowing performance test.
Results: Based on effect size calculations, results showed moderate-large increases for average power output (+2.5%), peak power output (+1.5%) and power output during first stroke (+0.79%).
Conclusions: Maximal dynamic contractions on a rowing ergometer improved subsequent rowing sprint ability in recreationally experienced male and female rowers. Accordingly, dynamic conditioning contractions on a rowing ergometer may enhance subsequent sprint-start for rowing competition success.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44132/6/44132%20Doma%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.02.017
Doma, Kenji, Sinclair, Wade H., Hervert, Sarah R., and Leicht, Anthony S. (2016) Postactivation potentiation of dynamic conditioning contractions on rowing sprint performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19 (11). pp. 951-956.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44132/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44138
2024-03-03T14:58:14Z
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Individual male perception of female genitalia
Horrocks, Emma
Iyer, Jay
Askern, Althea
Becuzzi, Nadine
Vangaveti, Venkat N.
Rane, Ajay
Introduction and hypothesis: Australian Medicare data show that the rates of cosmetic labiaplasty have tripled over the last decade; however, there is little understanding about the social factors that contribute to the popularity of female genital cosmetic surgeries (FGCS). The aim of this study was to investigate male perception of female genitalia and to assess men’s awareness of FGCS and whether these surgeries are viewed as a positive and acceptable option.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of male adults in the Townsville region was conducted via an online questionnaire.
Results: A total of 500 online surveys were sent out and 248 respondents were included in the study; 49.2 % of participants do not have a preferred appearance of labia minora and 70.4 % of men are aware of FGCS, but 53.8 % do not believe that FGCS is a good option for women. Only 14 % of men supported genital cosmetic surgery, while 29.6 % are undecided about the practice. The most common preferred pubic hair appearance is completely hairless (45 %).
Conclusions: This study indicates that the majority of men do not have a preferred appearance for female genitalia, nor do they support FGCS or consider discussing genital surgery with their partner. The major limitation of the study is that the participants’ age distribution was skewed heavily towards the younger demographic, with 18- to 24-year-old men comprising 81.5 % of respondents.
Springer
2016-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44138/2/Emma_Rane_Vangaveti.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-015-2836-0
Horrocks, Emma, Iyer, Jay, Askern, Althea, Becuzzi, Nadine, Vangaveti, Venkat N., and Rane, Ajay (2016) Individual male perception of female genitalia. International Urogynecology Journal, 27 (2). pp. 307-313.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44138/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44150
2024-03-03T15:00:44Z
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Using a community of inquiry framework to teach a nursing and midwifery research subject: an evaluative study
Mills, Jane
Yates, Karen
Harrison, Helena
Woods, Cindy
Chamberlain-Salaun, Jennifer
Trueman, Scott
Hitchins, Marnie
Background: Postgraduate nursing students' negative perceptions about a core research subject at an Australian university led to a revision and restructure of the subject using a Communities of Inquiry framework. Negative views are often expressed by nursing and midwifery students about the research process. The success of evidence-based practice is dependent on changing these views. A Community of Inquiry is an online teaching, learning, thinking, and sharing space created through the combination of three domains—teacher presence (related largely to pedagogy), social presence, and cognitive presence (critical thinking).
Objectives: Evaluate student satisfaction with a postgraduate core nursing and midwifery subject in research design, theory, and methodology, which was delivered using a Communities of Inquiry framework.
Setting, Participants, and Methods: This evaluative study incorporated a validated Communities of Inquiry survey (n = 29) and interviews (n = 10) and was conducted at an Australian university. Study participants were a convenience sample drawn from 56 postgraduate students enrolled in a core research subject. Survey data were analysed descriptively and interviews were coded thematically.
Results: Five main themes were identified: subject design and delivery; cultivating community through social interaction; application—knowledge, practice, research; student recommendations; and technology and technicalities. Student satisfaction was generally high, particularly in the areas of cognitive presence (critical thinking) and teacher presence (largely pedagogy related). Students' views about the creation of a "social presence" were varied but overall, the framework was effective in stimulating both inquiry and a sense of community.
Conclusions: The process of research is, in itself, the creation of a "community of inquiry." This framework showed strong potential for use in the teaching of nurse research subjects; satisfaction was high as students reported learning, not simply the theory and the methods of research, but also how to engage in "doing" research by forging professional and intellectual communities.
Elsevier
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44150/1/44150_Yates_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.04.016
Mills, Jane, Yates, Karen, Harrison, Helena, Woods, Cindy, Chamberlain-Salaun, Jennifer, Trueman, Scott, and Hitchins, Marnie (2016) Using a community of inquiry framework to teach a nursing and midwifery research subject: an evaluative study. Nurse Education Today, 43. pp. 34-39.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44150/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44159
2016-12-14T14:24:05Z
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Executive function deficits in psychiatric outpatients in Australia
Oei, T.P.S.
Shaw, S.
Healy, K.L.
This study compared deficits in executive functioning in psychiatric outpatients with anxiety and depression to neurologically impaired patients and a community sample using a cross-sectional design. Anxious, depressed and neurologically impaired patients were compared for executive dysfunction using the revised Dysexecutive Questionnaire. A large sample of 663 community individuals, 39 mood disordered, 121 anxiety disordered and 120 neurologically impaired outpatients participated. Anxious and depressed patients exhibited significantly greater executive dysfunction than neurological patients and healthy controls. Anxiety patients reported the greatest executive dysfunction than all other groups including greater total problems and specific deficits in inhibiting responses and in acting with volition. Problems with inhibition reflect difficulties of anxiety patients in preventing automatic responses. Problems with volition reported by anxiety patients were attributed to comorbid depression, consistent with anxiety patients reporting the highest levels of depressive as well as anxious symptomology. Depressed patients reported greater problems with volition than community members, reflecting problems with planning and motivation. Neurologically impaired individuals reported a comparable level of executive dysfunction to the general community. This was attributed mainly to the poor ability of neurologically impaired individuals to report their own deficits. We discuss the relevance of executive functioning to anxiety and depression, and the implications of using the DEX-R with clinical samples.
Springer
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44159/6/44159%20oei%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-016-9634-x
Oei, T.P.S., Shaw, S., and Healy, K.L. (2016) Executive function deficits in psychiatric outpatients in Australia. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14 (3). pp. 337-349.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44159/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44170
2024-03-03T14:57:25Z
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Exploring the drivers of health and healthcare access in Zambian prisons: a health systems approach
Topp, Stephanie M.
Moonga, Clement N.
Luo, Nkandu
Kaingu, Michael
Chileshe, Chisela
Magwende, George
Heymann, S. Jody
Henostroza, German
Background: Prison populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience a high burden of disease and poor access to health care. Although it is generally understood that environmental conditions are dire and contribute to disease spread, evidence of how environmental conditions interact with facility-level social and institutional factors is lacking. This study aimed to unpack the nature of interactions and their influence on health and healthcare access in the Zambian prison setting.
Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews of a clustered random sample of 79 male prisoners across four prisons, as well as 34 prison officers, policy makers and health care workers. Largely inductive thematic analysis was guided by the concepts of dynamic interaction and emergent behaviour, drawn from the theory of complex adaptive systems.
Results: A majority of inmates, as well as facility-based officers reported anxiety linked to overcrowding, sanitation, infectious disease transmission, nutrition and coercion. Due in part to differential wealth of inmates and their support networks on entering prison, and in part to the accumulation of authority and material wealth within prison, we found enormous inequity in the standard of living among prisoners at each site. In the context of such inequities, failure of the Zambian prison system to provide basic necessities (including adequate and appropriate forms of nutrition, or access to quality health care) contributed to high rates of inmate-led and officer-led coercion with direct implications for health and access to healthcare.
Conclusions: This systems-oriented analysis provides a more comprehensive picture of the way resource shortages and human interactions within Zambian prisons interact and affect inmate and officer health. While not a panacea, our findings highlight some strategic entry-points for important upstream and downstream reforms including urgent improvement in the availability of human resources for health; strengthening of facility-based health services systems and more comprehensive pre-service health education for prison officers.
Oxford University Press
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44170/11/44170%20Topp%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw059
Topp, Stephanie M., Moonga, Clement N., Luo, Nkandu, Kaingu, Michael, Chileshe, Chisela, Magwende, George, Heymann, S. Jody, and Henostroza, German (2016) Exploring the drivers of health and healthcare access in Zambian prisons: a health systems approach. Health Policy and Planning, 31 (9). pp. 1250-1261.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44170/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44181
2024-03-02T15:19:00Z
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Associations between bride price obligations and women's anger, symptoms of mental distress, poverty, spouse and family conflict and preoccupations with injustice in conflict-affected Timor-Leste
Rees, Susan
Mohsin, Mohammed
Tay, Alvin Kuowei
Thorpe, Rosamund
Murray, Samantha
Savio, Elisa
Fonseca, Mira
Tol, Wietse
Silove, Derrick
,
Objectives: Bride price is a widespread custom in many parts of the world, including in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. We hypothesised that problems relating to the obligatory ongoing remittances made by the husband and his family to the bride's family may be a source of mental disturbance (in the form of explosive anger and severe mental distress) among women. In addition, we postulated that problems arising with bride price would be associated with conflict with the spouse and family, poverty and women's preoccupations with injustice.
Design: A mixed-methods study comprising a total community household survey and semistructured qualitative interviews.
Setting: Two villages, one urban, the other rural, in Timor-Leste.
Participants: 1193 married women participated in the household survey and a structured subsample of 77 women participated in qualitative interviews.
Results: Problems with bride price showed a consistent dose–effect relationship with sudden episodes of explosive anger, excessive anger and severe psychological distress. Women with the most severe problems with bride price had twice the poverty scores as those with no problems with the custom. Women with the most severe problems with bride price also reported a threefold increase in conflict with their spouse and a fivefold increase in conflict with family. They also reported heightened preoccupations with injustice.
Conclusions: Our study is the first to show consistent associations between problems with bride price obligations and mental distress, poverty, conflict with spouse and family and preoccupations with injustice among women in a low-income, postconflict country.
BMJ Publishing Group
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44181/1/BMJ%20article.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000025
Rees, Susan, Mohsin, Mohammed, Tay, Alvin Kuowei, Thorpe, Rosamund, Murray, Samantha, Savio, Elisa, Fonseca, Mira, Tol, Wietse, Silove, Derrick, and UNSPECIFIED (2016) Associations between bride price obligations and women's anger, symptoms of mental distress, poverty, spouse and family conflict and preoccupations with injustice in conflict-affected Timor-Leste. BMJ Global Health, 1 (1). e000025.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44181/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44192
2024-03-03T14:22:27Z
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Psychosocial characteristics and predictors of health-care use in families of young children with cystic fibrosis in Western Australia
Douglas, Tonia
Green, Jennifer
Park, Judy
Turkovic, Lidija
Massie, John
Shields, Linda
Objective: Early childhood psychosocial experiences determine future health and health-care use. Identifying psychosocial predictors in cystic fibrosis may inform intervention strategies that can reduce health-care utilization.
Design: The study was designed as a prospective cohort study.
Setting: The study was set in the only cystic fibrosis clinic in Western Australia.
Patients: The patients were children up to 6 years diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in Western Australia between 2005 and 2011.
Main outcome measures: Psychosocial data collected for each year of life were compared with Australian population data and analysed as predictors of annual hospital, emergency and outpatient visits.
Results: Compared with the Australian population, cystic fibrosis families demonstrated lower socio-economic status and labour supply (P < 0.001), increased residential mobility (P < 0.001) and trends towards increased rates of parental separation (P = 0.066). Marital discord and maternal and child psychological stress significantly predicted increased hospital admissions, emergency and outpatient visits.
Conclusions: Social gradients may exist for families of young children with cystic fibrosis in Western Australia with potential implications for child health. Family psychological and relationship stress predicted increased child cystic fibrosis-related health-care use.
Wiley-Blackwell
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44192/1/44192_Douglas%20et%20al_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13011
Douglas, Tonia, Green, Jennifer, Park, Judy, Turkovic, Lidija, Massie, John, and Shields, Linda (2016) Psychosocial characteristics and predictors of health-care use in families of young children with cystic fibrosis in Western Australia. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 52 (1). pp. 34-39.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44192/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44198
2024-03-03T14:19:48Z
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International travelers and unintentional fatal drowning in Australia: a 10 year review 2002-12
Peden, Amy E.
Franklin, Richard C.
Leggat, Peter A.
Introduction: Drowning deaths of travelers are commonly reported in the media, creating a perception that they are at a higher risk of drowning than residents. This may be true, due in part to unfamiliarity with the risks posed by the hazard, however there is limited information about drowning deaths of travelers in Australia. This study aims to identify the incidence of drowning among international travelers in Australia and examine the risk factors to inform prevention strategies.
Methods: Data on unintentional fatal drowning in Australian waterways of victims with a residential postcode from outside Australia were extracted from the Royal Life Saving Society-Australia National Fatal Drowning Database.
Results: Between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2012 drowning deaths among people known to be international travelers accounted for 4.3% (N = 123) of the 2870 drowning deaths reported in Australian waterways. Key locations for drowning deaths included beaches (39.0%), ocean/harbour (22.0%) and swimming pools (12.2%). Leading activities prior to drowning included swimming (52.0%), diving (17.9%) and watercraft incidents (13.0%).
Discussion: International travelers pose a unique challenge from a drowning prevention perspective. The ability to exchange information on water safety is complicated due to potential language barriers, possible differences in swimming ability, different attitudes to safety in the traveler's home country and culture, a lack of opportunities to discuss safety, a relaxed attitude to safety which may result in an increase in risk taking behaviour and alcohol consumption.
Conclusion: Prevention is vital both to reduce loss of life in the aquatic environment and promote Australia as a safe and enjoyable holiday destination for international travelers.
Oxford
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44198/1/International%20travelers%20and%20unintentional%20fatal%20drowning%20in%20Australia%20-%20a%2010%20year%20review%202002-12%20%282016%29.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tav031
Peden, Amy E., Franklin, Richard C., and Leggat, Peter A. (2016) International travelers and unintentional fatal drowning in Australia: a 10 year review 2002-12. Journal of Travel Medicine, 23 (2).
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44198/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44199
2024-03-03T14:28:13Z
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A comparative study between modified starch and xanthan gum thickeners in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia
Vilardell, N.
Rofes, L.
Arreola, V.
Speyer, R.
Clavé, P.
Thickeners are used in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) as a compensatory therapeutic strategy against aspirations. To compare the therapeutic effects of modified starch (MS) and xanthan gum (XG) thickeners on swallow safety and efficacy in chronic post-stroke OD patients using clinical and videofluoroscopic (VFS) assessment. Patients were studied by clinical assessment (volume-viscosity swallow test, V-VST) and VFS using 3 volumes (5, 10, 20 mL) and 3 viscosities (liquid, nectar and spoon thick), comparing MS and XG. We studied 122 patients (46MS, 76XG). (A) V-VST showed that both thickeners similarly improved safety of swallow. Prevalence of safe swallowing significantly increased with enhanced viscosity (P < 0.001 vs liquid), MS: 47.83 % at liquid, 84.93 % at nectar and 92.96 % at spoon thick; XG: 55.31 % at liquid, 77.78 % at nectar and 97.84 % at spoon thick. Patients on MS reported higher prevalence of pharyngeal residue at spoon-thick viscosities. (B) VFS: increasing bolus viscosity with either thickener increased prevalence of safe swallows (P < 0.001 vs liquid), MS: 30.25 % liquid, 61.07 % nectar and 92.64 % spoon thick; XG: 29.12 % liquid, 71.30 % nectar and 89.91 % spoon thick. Penetration–aspiration scale score was significantly reduced with increased viscosity with both thickeners. MS increased oral and pharyngeal residues at nectar and spoon-thick viscosities but XG did not. Timing of airway protection mechanisms and bolus velocity were not affected by either thickener. Increasing bolus viscosity with MS and XG thickeners strongly and similarly improved safety of swallow in chronic post-stroke OD by a compensatory mechanism; in contrast only MS thickeners increased oropharyngeal residue.
Springer
2016-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44199/1/VilardellEtAl_ComparativeStudyModifStarchXanthanGumThickenersPostStrokeOD_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9672-8
Vilardell, N., Rofes, L., Arreola, V., Speyer, R., and Clavé, P. (2016) A comparative study between modified starch and xanthan gum thickeners in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia, 31 (2). pp. 169-179.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44199/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44201
2024-03-03T14:28:37Z
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Point of care testing for group A streptococci in patients presenting with pharyngitis will improve appropriate antibiotic prescription
Orda, Ulrich
Mitra, Biswadev
Orda, Sabine
Fitzgerald, Mark
Gunnarsson, Ronny
Rofe, Geoff
Dargan, Anna
Objective: History, clinical examination and throat culture may be inadequate to rule in or out the presence of group A streptococci (GAS) infection in patients with sore throat in a remote location. We correlated the diagnostic accuracy for guiding antibiotic prescription of clinical decision and physiological scoring systems to a rapid diagnostic point of care (POC) test result in paediatric patients presenting with sore throat.
Methods: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted between 30 June 2014 and 27 February 2015 in a remote Australian ED using a convenience sample. Among paediatric patients presenting with sore throat, the Centor criteria and clinical decision were documented. Simultaneously, patients without sore throat or respiratory tract infection were tested to determine the number of carriers. A throat swab on all patients was tested using a POC test (Alere TestPack + Plus Strep A with on board control), considered as reference standard to detect GAS infection.
Results: A total of 101 patients with sore throat were tested with 26 (25.7%) positive for GAS. One hundred and forty-seven patients without sore throat were tested with one positive POC test result (specificity 99%; 95% CI 96-100). Positive predictive value for clinician decision-making for a positive GAS swab (bacterial infection) was 29% (95% CI 17-43), negative predictive value 78% (95% CI 63-88). Area under ROC for the Centor score was 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.81).
Conclusion: Clinician judgement and Centor score are inadequate tools for clinical decision-making for children presenting with sore throat. Adjunctive POC testing provides sufficient accuracy to guide antibiotic prescription on first presentation.
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44201/6/44201%20Orda%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12567
Orda, Ulrich, Mitra, Biswadev, Orda, Sabine, Fitzgerald, Mark, Gunnarsson, Ronny, Rofe, Geoff, and Dargan, Anna (2016) Point of care testing for group A streptococci in patients presenting with pharyngitis will improve appropriate antibiotic prescription. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 28 (2). pp. 199-204.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44201/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44216
2024-03-03T14:58:56Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Which mechanisms drive seasonal rabies outbreaks in raccoons?: a test using dynamic social network models
Hirsch, Ben T.
Reynolds, Jennifer J.H.
Gehrt, Stanley D.
Craft, Meggan E. Craft
1. The timing of raccoon rabies outbreaks in the eastern USA is non-random and often exhibits a seasonal peak. While fluctuations in disease transmission can be driven by seasonal changes in animal population dynamics, behaviour and physiology, it is still unclear which causal factors lead to seasonal outbreaks of raccoon rabies.
2. We used dynamic network modelling to test which of three seasonally changing factors are most likely responsible for raccoon rabies outbreaks: (i) birth pulses, (ii) changes in social network structure and (iii) changes in social contact duration.
3. In contrast to previous predictions, we found that a change in social contact duration was the single most important driver of rabies seasonality. More specifically, co-denning for thermoregulation during the winter increases the amount of time individuals spend in close contact, which in turn should lead to peaks in rabies transmission during the winter.
4. Increased time spent in close proximity during cold winter months has implications for seasonal disease patterns in raccoon populations across a latitudinal gradient, as well as potentially being important for pathogens transmitted by close contact in other wildlife hosts.
5. Synthesis and applications. By incorporating detailed empirical data describing variation in raccoon contacts into a network modelling framework, it is possible to determine the likely causal mechanisms driving seasonal disease patterns. This can be crucial information for wildlife and public health officials implementing wildlife disease control programmes.
Wiley
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44216/1/Hirsch_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Applied_Ecology.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12628
Hirsch, Ben T., Reynolds, Jennifer J.H., Gehrt, Stanley D., and Craft, Meggan E. Craft (2016) Which mechanisms drive seasonal rabies outbreaks in raccoons?: a test using dynamic social network models. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53. pp. 804-813.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44216/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44241
2024-03-04T15:02:56Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Transgressive women don't deserve protection: young men's narratives of sexual violence against women in rural Papua New Guinea
Kelly-Hanku, A.
Aeno, H.
Wilson, L.
Eves, R.
Mek, A.
Nake Trumb, R.
Whittaker, M.
Fitzgerald, L.
Kaldor, J.M.
Vallely, A.
Sexual violence against women and girls is commonplace in Papua New Guinea (PNG). While the experiences of women are rightly given central place in institutional responses to sexual violence, the men who perpetrate violence are often overlooked, an oversight that undermines the effectiveness of prevention efforts. This paper draws on interviews conducted with young men as part of a qualitative longitudinal study of masculinity and male sexuality in a rural highland area of PNG. It explores one aspect of male sexuality: men’s narratives of sexual violence. Most striking from the data is that the collective enactment of sexual violence against women and girls is reported as an everyday and accepted practice amongst young men. However, not all women and girls were described as equally at risk, with those who transgress gender roles and roles inscribed and reinforced by patriarchal structures, at greater risk. To address this situation, efforts to reduce sexual violence against women and girls require an increased focus on male-centred intervention to critically engage with the forms of patriarchal authority that give license to sexual violence. Understanding the perceptions and experiences of men as perpetrators of sexual violence is a critical first step in the process of changing normative perceptions of gender, a task crucial to reducing sexual violence in countries such as PNG.
Routledge
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44241/6/44241%20Kelly-Hanku%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2016.1182216
Kelly-Hanku, A., Aeno, H., Wilson, L., Eves, R., Mek, A., Nake Trumb, R., Whittaker, M., Fitzgerald, L., Kaldor, J.M., and Vallely, A. (2016) Transgressive women don't deserve protection: young men's narratives of sexual violence against women in rural Papua New Guinea. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18 (11). pp. 1207-1220.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44241/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44242
2024-03-03T14:59:07Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Targeting populations at higher risk for malaria: a survey of national malaria elimination programmes in the Asia Pacific
Wen, Shawn
Harvard, Kelly E.
Smith Gueye, Cara
Canavati, Sara E.
Chancellor, Arna
Ahmed, Be-Nazir
Leaburi, John
Lek, Desoley
Namgay, Rinzin
Surya, Asik
Thakur, Garib D.
Whittaker, Maxine Anne
Gosling, Roly D.
Background: Significant progress has been made in reducing the malaria burden in the Asia Pacific region, which is aggressively pursuing a 2030 regional elimination goal. Moving from malaria control to elimination requires National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) to target interventions at populations at higher risk, who are often not reached by health services, highly mobile and difficult to test, treat, and track with routine measures, and if undiagnosed, can maintain parasite reservoirs and contribute to ongoing transmission.
Methods: A qualitative, free-text questionnaire was developed and disseminated among 17 of the 18 partner countries of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN).
Results: All 14 countries that responded to the survey identified key populations at higher risk of malaria in their respective countries. Thirteen countries engage in the dissemination of malaria-related Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials. Eight countries engage in diagnostic screening, including of mobile and migrant workers, military staff, and/or overseas workers. Ten countries reported distributing or recommending the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) among populations at higher risk with fewer countries engaging in other prevention measures such as indoor residual spraying (IRS) (two countries), spatial repellents (four countries), chemoprophylaxis (five countries), and mass drug administration (MDA) (three countries). Though not specifically tailored to populations at higher risk, 11 countries reported using mass blood surveys as a surveillance tool and ten countries map case data. Most NMCPs lack a monitoring and evaluation structure.
Conclusion: Countries in the Asia Pacific have identified populations at higher risk and targeted interventions to these groups but there is limited information on the effectiveness of these interventions. Platforms like APMEN offer the opportunity for the sharing of protocols and lessons learned related to finding, targeting and successfully clearing malaria from populations at higher risk. The sharing of programme data across borders may further strengthen national and regional efforts to eliminate malaria. This exchange of real-life experience is invaluable to NMCPs when scarce scientific evidence on the topic exists to aid decision-making and can further support NMCPs to develop strategies that will deliver a malaria-free Asia Pacific by 2030.
BioMed Central
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44242/1/44242%20Wen%20et%20al%202015.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1319-1
Wen, Shawn, Harvard, Kelly E., Smith Gueye, Cara, Canavati, Sara E., Chancellor, Arna, Ahmed, Be-Nazir, Leaburi, John, Lek, Desoley, Namgay, Rinzin, Surya, Asik, Thakur, Garib D., Whittaker, Maxine Anne, and Gosling, Roly D. (2016) Targeting populations at higher risk for malaria: a survey of national malaria elimination programmes in the Asia Pacific. Malaria Journal, 15. 271. pp. 1-14.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44242/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44243
2024-03-03T14:59:08Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Village malaria worker performance key to the elimination of artemisinin-resistant malaria: a Western Cambodia health system assessment
Canavati, Sara E.
Lawpoolsri, Saranth
Quintero, Cesia E.
Nguon, Chea
Ly, Po
Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon
Sintasath, David
Singhasivanon, Pratap
Grietens, Koen Peeters
Whittaker, Maxine Anne
Background: Village malaria workers (VMWs) and mobile malaria workers (MMWs) are a critical component of Cambodia's national strategy to eliminate Plasmodium falciparum malaria by 2025. Since 2004, VMWs have been providing malaria diagnosis through the use of rapid diagnostic tests and free-of-charge artemisinin-based combination therapy in villages more than 5 km away from the closest health facility. They have also played a key role in the delivery of behaviour change communication interventions to this target population. This study aimed to assess the job performance of VMWs/MMWs, and identify challenges they face, which may impede elimination efforts.
Methods: A mixed-methods assessment was conducted in five provinces of western Cambodia. One hundred and eighty five VMW/MMW participants were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data was gathered through a total of 60 focus group discussions and 65 in-depth interviews. Data triangulation of the qualitative and quantitative data was used during analysis.
Results: Overall, VMWs/MMWs met or exceeded the expected performance levels (80 %). Nevertheless, some performance gaps were identified. Misconceptions regarding malaria transmission and prevention were found among workers. The recommended approach for malaria treatment, directly-observed treatment (DOT), had low implementation rates. Stock-outs, difficulties in reaching out to migrant and mobile populations, insufficient means of transportation and dwindling worker satisfaction also affected job performance.
Discussion: VMW/MMW job performance must be increased from 80 to 100 % in order to achieve elimination. In order to do this, it is recommended for the national malaria programme to eliminate worker malaria knowledge gaps. Barriers to DOT implementation and health system failures also need to be addressed. The VMW programme should be expanded on several fronts in order to tackle remaining performance gaps. Findings from this evaluation are useful to inform the planning of future activities of the programme and to improve the effectiveness of interventions in a context where artemisinin drug resistance is a significant public health issue.
BioMed Central
2016-04-20
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44243/1/44243%20Canavati%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1322-6
Canavati, Sara E., Lawpoolsri, Saranth, Quintero, Cesia E., Nguon, Chea, Ly, Po, Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Sintasath, David, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Grietens, Koen Peeters, and Whittaker, Maxine Anne (2016) Village malaria worker performance key to the elimination of artemisinin-resistant malaria: a Western Cambodia health system assessment. Malaria Journal, 15. 282. pp. 1-15.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44243/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44321
2019-03-04T19:31:07Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B
Disasters and Social Resilience: a bioecological approach
Boon, Helen J.
Cottrell, Alison
King, David
The interconnectedness of communities, organisations, governing bodies, policy and individuals in the field of disaster studies has never been accurately examined or comprehensively modelled. This kind of study is vital for planning policy and emergency responses and assessing individual and community vulnerability, resilience and sustainability as well as mitigation and adaptation to climate change impacts; it therefore deserves attention.
Disasters and Social Resilience fills this gap by introducing to the field of disaster studies a fresh methodology and a model for examining and measuring impacts and responses to disasters. Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological systems theory, which is used to look at communities holistically, is outlined and illustrated through a series of chapters, guiding the reader from the theory's underpinnings through research illustrations and applications focused on each level of Bronfenbrenner's ecosystems, culminating in an integration chapter. The final chapter provides policy recommendations for local and national government bodies and emergency providers to help individuals and communities prepare and withstand the effects of a range of disasters.
This book will be of great interest to scholars and students of disaster and emergency management, disaster readiness and risk reduction (DRR), and to scholars and students of more general climate change and sustainability studies.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Book
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44321/1/44321_Boon_etal_2016_FrontPages.pdf
https://www.routledge.com/Disasters-and-Social-Resilience-A-bioecological-approach/Boon-Cottrell-King/p/book/9781138933125
Boon, Helen J., Cottrell, Alison, and King, David (2016) Disasters and Social Resilience: a bioecological approach. Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies . Taylor & Francis, London, UK.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44321/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44339
2017-01-30T01:27:18Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
The public health challenge of dengue fever in Papua New Guinea
Kitau, Russel
Samiak, Louis
Guldan, Georgia S.
Machine, Edwin
Dengue Fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne disease of public health concern in both tropical and subtropical countries, especially influenced by rainfall, temperature and unplanned rapid urbanization [1]. World Health Organization (WHO) member states have reported on average 2.4 million cases of DF annually over the past 5 years [1]. Even with these figures, other data suggests the number of dengue infections could be as high as 390 million annually, of which up to 96 million show clinical manifestation[1]. Global reporting has therefore not been good, and Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the countries that have not yet reported national DF surveillance data. DF does not feature among the leading burden of diseases reported in PNG’s National Health Plan 2011-2020, and it is not clear whether lack of reliable reporting was the reason. In 2015, DF was reported as being only rarely diagnosed and possibly having a low index of clinical suspicion in PNG. That same report further stated that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) has not been reported in PNG for over a decade [2]. Three reports of the DF situation in the Western Pacific region from 2010 to 2012 state that there was no DF-specific surveillance in PNG [3-5]. However, DF's presence was verified from case importation to Queensland for which surveillance in Queensland is actively conducted [6]. DF surveillance in PNG is challenged by geographical isolation of its remote, mountainous, coastal, and island sparsely distributed and diverse rural communities [7]. This situation limits access, provision and coverage of health services. These challenges only add to those posed by DF itself, resulting in a paucity of information about its presence in PNG.
University of Papua New Guinea
2016-05
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44339/1/44339%20Kitau%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://www.pacjmedsci.com/pjmsvol16no1may2016.htm
Kitau, Russel, Samiak, Louis, Guldan, Georgia S., and Machine, Edwin (2016) The public health challenge of dengue fever in Papua New Guinea. Pacific Journal of Medical Sciences, 16 (1). pp. 20-26.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44339/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44426
2024-03-03T14:58:39Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Concept mapping: a dynamic, individualized and qualitative method for eliciting meaning
Wilson, Jessie
Mandich, Angie
Magalhães, Lilian
The purpose of this theoretical article is to explore the use of concept mapping as a qualitative research method that is represented as a form of multimodal communication. This framework strives to move mapping beyond quantitative analysis by inserting art and humanness into the process. This proposed framework provides a means to highlight the ways in which people learn, understand, and interpret the world around them. Three categories for understanding have been identified by the authors to help individuals create, interpret, and understand qualitative concept maps. These categories include the following: Voice: Tri-directional Voice and Mutual Absorption; Detail in the Parts & Recognition of the Whole: Uniqueness, Aesthetic Distance and Emplacement; and Sensory Experience: Intellectual + Emotional Investment and Humanness. Each of these categories is interconnected, and informs each other in a dialectical way, therefore creating a piece of visual data with which the participant, researcher and audience can interact.
Sage Publications
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44426/1/Qual%20Health%20Res-2016-Wilson-1151-61.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732315616623
Wilson, Jessie, Mandich, Angie, and Magalhães, Lilian (2016) Concept mapping: a dynamic, individualized and qualitative method for eliciting meaning. Qualitative Health Research, 26 (8). pp. 1151-1161.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44426/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:44456
2024-03-04T15:02:48Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Towards understanding the availability of physiotherapy services in rural Australia
Adams, R.
Jones, A.
Lefmann, S,
Sheppard, L.
Introduction: A recent exploration of factors affecting rural physiotherapy service provision revealed considerable variation in services available between communities of the study. Multiple factors combined to influence local service provision, including macro level policy and funding decisions, service priorities and fiscal constraints of regional health services and capacity and capabilities at the physiotherapy service level. The aim of this article is to describe the variation in local service provision, the factors influencing service provision and the impact on availability of physiotherapy services.
Methods: A priority-sequence mixed methods design structured the collection and integration of qualitative and quantitative data. The investigation area, a large part of one Australian state, was selected for the number of physiotherapy services and feasibility of conducting site visits. Stratified purposive sampling permitted exploration of rural physiotherapy with subgroups of interest, including physiotherapists, their colleagues, managers, and other key decision makers. Participant recruitment commenced with public sector physiotherapists and progressed to include private practitioners, team colleagues and managers. Surveys were mailed to key physiotherapy contacts in each public sector service in the area for distribution to physiotherapists, their colleagues and managers within their facility. Private physiotherapist principals working in the same communities were invited by the researcher to complete the physiotherapy survey. The survey collected demographic data, rural experience, work setting and number of colleagues, services provided, perspectives on factors influencing service provision and decisions about service provision. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting physiotherapists and other key decision makers identified by local physiotherapists. Quantitative survey data were recorded in spreadsheets and analysed using descriptive statistics. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, with transcripts provided to participants for review. Open-ended survey questions and interview transcripts were analysed thematically.
Results: Surveys were received from 11/25 (44%) of facilities in the investigation area, with a response rate of 29.4% (16/54) from public sector physiotherapists. A further 18 surveys were received: five from principals of private physiotherapy practices and 13 from colleagues and managers. Nineteen interviews were conducted: with 14 physiotherapists (nine public, five private), four other decision makers and one colleague. Three decision makers declined an interview. The variation in physiotherapy service availability between the 11 communities of this study prompted the researchers to consider how such variation could be reflected. The influential factors that emerged from participant comments included rurality and population, size and funding model of public hospitals, the number of public sector physiotherapists and private practices, and the availability of specialised paediatric and rehabilitation services. The factors described by participants were used to develop a conceptual framework or index of rural physiotherapy availability.
Conclusions: It is important to make explicit the link between workforce maldistribution, the resultant rural workforce shortages and the implications for local service availability. This study sought to do so by investigating physiotherapy service provision within the rural communities of the investigation area. In doing so, varying levels of availability emerged within local communities. A conceptual framework combining key influencing factors is offered as a way to reflect the availability of physiotherapy services.
Australian Rural Health Education Network
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44456/1/availablity%20of%20physio%20rural.pdf
http://www.rrh.org.au/articles/showarticlenew.asp?ArticleID=3686
Adams, R., Jones, A., Lefmann, S,, and Sheppard, L. (2016) Towards understanding the availability of physiotherapy services in rural Australia. Rural and Remote Health, 16. 3686.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/44456/
open
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