2024-03-28T14:24:43Z
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/cgi/oai2
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:46954
2023-01-03T23:26:43Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
In the slipstream of development: World Heritage and development-induced displacement in Laos
Sims, Kearrin
Winter, Tim
International focus concerning heritage conservation governance is rapidly consolidating around the discourses and paradigms of sustainability. This can be seen in attempts to include culture as one of the pillars of the post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals and also in the move to incorporate sustainable development into recent World Heritage Committee meetings. In Doha in July 2015, for example, considerable discussion was given to initiatives that support 'conservation for human well-being', such that economic empowerment and the social sustainability of communities are now seen as priority areas for the World Heritage Committee. Multiple cases from developing countries around the world vividly testify as to why the need to better integrate conservation with development is long overdue.
All too often a lack of attention has been paid to the profound social and economic change experienced by those living in or around places designated for World Heritage protection. Such issues remain particularly charged in the fast developing economies of Asia, and nowhere more so than in the remote site of Luang Prabang in Laos. Long recognized as an important place in the country's Buddhist culture, Luang Prabang has fast emerged as a key node for greater regional integration. Given its location, the expansion of the airport has become a critical development project for a state seeking to capitalize upon the rapid growth of its regional neighbours, most notably China. This chapter asks questions about accountability towards those invisible communities of World Heritage: those residents who lie beyond core zones and boundaries, and whose welfare and livelihoods are threatened not by the need to conserve and resist modernization, but by developmental projects that arise on the back of heritage-driven tourism. To achieve this, the chapter is centred around the upgrading of the Luang Prabang airport and draws on a series of personal interviews conducted by Kearrin Sims in 2012 with residents living in the area that focused on the issue of forced displacement.
Routledge
Labadi, Sophia
Logan, William
2016
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46954/6/46954%20Sims%20and%20Winter%202016.pdf
https://www.routledge.com/Urban-Heritage-Development-and-Sustainability-International-Frameworks/Labadi-Logan/p/book/9781138845756
Sims, Kearrin, and Winter, Tim (2016) In the slipstream of development: World Heritage and development-induced displacement in Laos. In: Labadi, Sophia, and Logan, William, (eds.) Urban Heritage, Development and Sustainability: international frameworks, national and local governance. Key Issues in Cultural Heritage . Routledge, Abingdon, UK, pp. 23-36.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46954/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:52226
2024-03-05T14:20:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Optimising energy use in an existing commercial building: a case study of Australia's Reef HQ Aquarium
Thyer, Sascha
Thomas, Severine
McClintock, Craig
Ridd, Michael
Reef HQ Aquarium is a major tourism attraction in tropical North Queensland, Australia. In 8 years, a 50% reduction in grid electricity was achieved through targeted infrastructure investment, whilst growing the business. Initially, grid energy consumption was 2438 MWh per annum, with 490-kW peak demand and energy intensity of 1625 MJ m(-2) year(-1) used on typical equipment such as HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), machinery, lighting and catering equipment. Savings of 13% were achieved in the first year by increasing indoor air temperature set-points by 1.5 A degrees C with no significant costs or impacts on occupant thermal comfort or worker productivity. Peak demand was decreased by 46% by upgrading the computerised building management system (BMS), HVAC, machinery and lighting; and by installing a 206-kW photovoltaic (PV) solar power system. This case study illustrates that (a) significant energy use reductions are possible at low cost; (b) capital investment in energy-efficient infrastructure can have short payback times and high direct and indirect benefits, particularly where equipment is ending its life. This study is unique as it examines how a commercial building with integrated chilled water thermal energy storage (TES) and a 3.2-ML chilled seawater aquarium system can be controlled by a BMS to optimise solar power to manage peak energy demand and also increase the utilisation of generated PV power in the absence of electrical battery storage. An interesting building is used to demonstrate efficiency methods with elements such as HVAC and lighting which usually consume over half commercial buildings' energy use.
2018
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52226/1/52226_Thyer_et_al_2018.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9556-x
Thyer, Sascha, Thomas, Severine, McClintock, Craig, and Ridd, Michael (2018) Optimising energy use in an existing commercial building: a case study of Australia's Reef HQ Aquarium. Energy Efficiency, 11 (1). pp. 147-168.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52226/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:53920
2024-03-02T15:21:49Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Effects of shoreline armouring and overwater structures on coastal and estuarine fish: opportunities for habitat improvement
Munsch, Stuart H.
Cordell, Jeffery R.
Toft, Jason D.
Nearshore ecosystems are increasingly recognized as critical habitats for fish of cultural, ecological and economic significance. These ecosystems are often densely inhabited by juvenile fish, highly productive and refuges from predation, leading ecologists to characterize them as nurseries. However, nearshore ecosystems are being transformed globally to support demands of growing coastal populations. Many shorelines are modified by armouring (e.g. seawalls, riprap) that minimizes erosion, and overwater structures (e.g. piers, docks) that facilitate waterfront use. These modifications affect the ecology of nearshore systems by restructuring, eliminating and shading shallow waters. Here, we review literature examining effects of armouring and overwater structures on coastal and estuarine fishes, and discuss how research and management can coordinate to minimize negative effects. Along armoured shorelines, fish assemblages differed from unarmoured sites, fish consumed less epibenthic and terrestrial prey, beach spawning was less successful and fish were larger. Under large overwater structures, visually oriented fish were less abundant and they fed less. Shade from overwater structures also interrupted localized movements of migratory fish. Thus, shoreline modifications impaired habitats by limiting feeding, reproduction, ontogenetic habitat shifts from shallow to deeper waters and connectivity. Research suggests that restoring shallow waters and substrate complexity, and minimizing shading underneath overwater structures, can rehabilitate habitats compromised by shoreline modifications. Synthesis and applications. Shoreline armouring and overwater structures often compromis e fish habitats. These threats to nearshore fish habitats will become more severe as growing coastal populations and rising sea levels increase demands for shoreline infrastructure. Our ability to assess and rehabilitate nearshore fish habitats along modified shorelines will be enhanced by: focusing research attention on metrics that directly indicate fish habitat quality; implementing and evaluating shoreline features that repair compromised habitat functions within human-use constraints; collating natural history knowledge of nearshore ecosystems; and embracing the socio-ecological nature of habitat improvements by educating the public about conservation efforts and fostering appreciation of local nearshore ecosystems. Actions to reduce impacts of shoreline modifications on fish are particularly feasible when they align with societal goals, such as improving flood protection and providing spaces that facilitate recreation, education, and connections between people and nature.
Wiley-Blackwell
2017-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/53920/1/53920_Munsch%20et%20al_2017.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12906
Munsch, Stuart H., Cordell, Jeffery R., and Toft, Jason D. (2017) Effects of shoreline armouring and overwater structures on coastal and estuarine fish: opportunities for habitat improvement. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54 (5). pp. 1373-1384.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/53920/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:61009
2024-03-02T15:44:15Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Personalising the message: promoting cyclone protection in North Queensland
Scovell, Mitchell
McShane, Connar
Smith, Daniel
Swinbourne, Anne
Cyclones cause significant damage to property, infrastructure and housing Fotunately property owners can undertake structural upgrades to reduce damage However, installation of structural upgrades in cyclon prone regions such as North Queensland has been relatively low. This paper explains why e people do, and others do install structural upgrades. Research to date has identified psychological factors that may predict mitigation behaviour or other natural hazards but here are few studies that investigated cyclone-specific mitigation behaviour. This paper addresses this gap and identifies the psychological factors that promote mitigation behaviour or structures and presents a method of segmenting groups based on these psychological factors. Implications for risk communication messages to promote the adoption of household-level structural upgrades are discussed.
Emergency Management Australia
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61009/1/61009_Scovell_et_al_2019.pdf
https://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=767851816930089;res=IELAPA
Scovell, Mitchell, McShane, Connar, Smith, Daniel, and Swinbourne, Anne (2019) Personalising the message: promoting cyclone protection in North Queensland. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 34 (4). pp. 48-53.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61009/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:63378
2024-03-05T14:50:20Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
How fringe cyclone experience affects predictions of damage severity
Scovell, Mitchell
McShane, Connar
Swinbourne, Anne
Smith, Daniel
Purpose: This paper aims to understand how experience with the fringe effects of a cyclone influences perception of cyclone severity. Understanding how certain types of experience influences risk perception should help to clarify why there is an unclear link between experience and risk perception within the existing literature.
Design/methodology/approach: A total of 155 respondents with fringe cyclone experience were recruited to fill in a closed-ended question survey. The survey was designed to assess perceptions of a previous cyclone and future cyclone severity.
Findings: Most respondents who had experienced the fringe effects of a cyclone overestimated the wind speed in their location. Respondents who overestimated previous cyclone wind speed also predicted less damage from future Category 5 cyclones.
Research limitations/implications: This research indicates that overestimating the severity of past cyclones can have a detrimental effect on how people predict damage due to high category cyclones.
Practical implications: The findings suggest that people with fringe cyclone experience need additional information to help reshape their perceptions of cyclone severity.
Originality/value: This paper provides a unique perspective on the relationship between experience and risk perception by demonstrating that experience on the fringe of a cyclone has a negative influence on risk perception.
Emerald Group Publishing
2021
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/63378/1/63378_Scovell_et_al_2020.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-07-2019-0228
Scovell, Mitchell, McShane, Connar, Swinbourne, Anne, and Smith, Daniel (2021) How fringe cyclone experience affects predictions of damage severity. Disaster Prevention And Management, 30 (2). pp. 240-254.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/63378/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:64490
2024-03-05T14:34:15Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Applying the protective action decision model to explain cyclone shutter installation behavior
Scovell, Mitchell
McShane, Connar
Swinbourne, Anne
Smith, Daniel
Structural upgrades can mitigate property damage caused by tropical cyclones. However, people in high-risk areas do not always install these upgrades. This paper used the protective action decision model (PADM) as a theoretical framework for explaining one specific type of structural mitigation behavior: the installation of cyclone shutters. The results indicated that the degree to which people think and talk about cyclones (hazard intrusiveness) was a significant predictor of behavior but that risk perception was not. Moreover, the results show that people need to perceive that installing shutters has benefits beyond mitigating damage (e.g., increases property value and has utility for other purposes). Contrary to past research, it was also found that the perceived cost of shutter installation (in terms of time, money, and effort) was important. The results provide evidence for the utility of the PADM for explaining long-term, high-cost natural hazard mitigation behavior.
American Society of Civil Engineers
2021
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/64490/1/64490.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000417
Scovell, Mitchell, McShane, Connar, Swinbourne, Anne, and Smith, Daniel (2021) Applying the protective action decision model to explain cyclone shutter installation behavior. Natural Hazards Review, 22 (1).
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/64490/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:67751
2021-06-22T23:39:21Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
People and issues outside our big cities are diverse, but these priorities stand out
Lockie, Stewart
Rural and regional Australia is a big place – too big to be contained in one rural policy or represented by a single political party. Several features of contemporary rural and regional Australia stand out, though, as deserving of serious policy attention.
Melbourne University Press
Dunn, Amanda
Watson, John
2019
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/67751/1/67751_Lockie_2019.pdf
https://www.mup.com.au/books/advancing-australia-paperback-softback
Lockie, Stewart (2019) People and issues outside our big cities are diverse, but these priorities stand out. In: Dunn, Amanda, and Watson, John, (eds.) Advancing Australia: ideas for a better country. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 141-145.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/67751/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:68936
2021-08-11T01:17:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
74797065733D746865736973
Investigating the psychological factors that influence cyclone mitigation behaviour
Scovell, Mitchell Dean
Mitchell Scovell used psychological theories to explain how and why people differ in their levels of cyclone preparedness. It was found that psychological factors are relatively strong predictors of a range of cyclone mitigation behaviours. The findings have implications for improving existing theories and cyclone related messaging.
2020
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/68936/1/JCU_68936_Scovell_2020_thesis.pdf
https://doi.org/10.25903/rsvz-3w27
Scovell, Mitchell Dean (2020) Investigating the psychological factors that influence cyclone mitigation behaviour. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/68936/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:68937
2024-02-29T14:23:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Rethinking risk perception and its importance for explaining natural hazard preparedness behavior
Scovell, Mitchell
McShane, Connar
Swinbourne, Anne
Smith, Daniel
Psychological theory suggests there is a positive association between risk perception and protective behavior. Empirical research has, however, found mixed support for the positive link between risk perception and protective behavior. One explanation for the inconsistent link is the way in which risk perception has been conceptualized and/or operationalized in past research. Specifically, few studies acknowledge differences in hazard severity and how it might affect risk perception and protective behavior. Past research has also tended to overlook the importance of emotional appraisal in relation to perceived hazard consequences. To address these inconsistencies in past research, 337 people living in a cyclone-prone location were recruited to participate in an online study. In this study, respondents were randomly presented with one of five hypothetical cyclone scenarios, which differed in objective severity. Respondents were also presented with a survey, which assessed risk perception, protective action perceptions (or coping appraisal), and intentions to perform short-term protective behaviors. As hypothesized, risk perception significantly increased preparedness intentions when controlling for hazard severity, hazard probability, and protective action perceptions. Moreover, the degree to which respondents associated negative emotions with predicted damage was also a relatively strong predictor of preparedness intentions. Overall, the findings support the theoretical link between risk perception and protective behavior and provide a new method of assessing risk perception in cross-sectional research. On a practical level, the results suggest that increasing risk perception should promote protective behavior in response to natural hazards.
Wiley
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/68937/1/68937.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13780
Scovell, Mitchell, McShane, Connar, Swinbourne, Anne, and Smith, Daniel (2022) Rethinking risk perception and its importance for explaining natural hazard preparedness behavior. Risk Analysis, 42 (3). pp. 450-469.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/68937/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:78017
2023-04-03T23:14:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
What happens to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient contributions from green roofs as they age? A review
Lim, H.S.
Green roofs (GR) have gained widespread popularity in cities due to their multiple benefits. This review synthesizes the latest knowledge around GR ageing and the associated changes in nutrient runoff quality from GRs. Most GR studies have focused on water quality trends for the first 10 years. Information about nutrient levels in runoff, vegetation, and substrate for older GRs (>10 years) is extremely limited and based on monitoring at snapshot points in time, rather than continuously over time, mainly for GRs in Europe, UK and the USA. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels in GR runoff are initially high, especially in the first-year post-installation (NO3: 0.08-100 mg/L, PO4: 0.01-13 mg/L) and subsequently decline to lower concentrations over time (NO3: 0.05-7 mg/L, PO4: 0.01-1.2 mg/L for GRs over 10 years old). Green roof substrate received most research attention but there is growing interest in how vegetation and microbiome characteristics change with time. The review provides a conceptual model of GR ageing that includes the impacts of seasonal changes and other disturbances (e.g., fertilizer applications, extreme events) on nutrient runoff quality. Recommendations for GR design and management are also provided. Future areas of research should focus on long-term holistic monitoring of all GR components across more climate zones, especially arid and tropical climate zones. Studies comparing GRs of different ages are encouraged. Ageing experiments conducted under controlled laboratory conditions complement field monitoring studies and provide a continuous timeline of changes in GR components and runoff quality as they age.
Elsevier
2023
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/78017/1/What%20happens%20to%20nitrogen%20and%20phosphorus%20nutrient%20contributions%20from%20green%20roofs%20as%20they%20age_Lim%202023.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100366
Lim, H.S. (2023) What happens to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient contributions from green roofs as they age? A review. Environmental Advances, 12. 100366.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/78017/
open