2024-03-29T07:48:40Z
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/cgi/oai2
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:43561
2024-02-28T14:17:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
The impact of prior flavivirus infections on the development of Type 2 Diabetes among the Indigenous Australians
Sorenson, Alanna
Owens, Leigh
Caltabiano, Marie
Cadet-James, Yvonne
Hall, Roy
Govan, Brenda
Clancy, Paula
It is estimated that 5% of Australians over the age of 18 have diabetes, with the number of new cases increasing every year. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) also represents a significant disease burden in the Australian Indigenous population, where prevalence is three times greater than that of non-Indigenous Australians.Prevalence of T2D has been found to be higher in rural and remote Indigenous Australian populations compared to urban Indigenous Australian populations.Several studies have also found that body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are not appropriate for prediction of T2D risk in Indigenous Australians. Regional and remote areas of Australia are endemic for a variety of mosquito-borne flaviviruses.Studies that have investigated seroprevalence of flaviviruses in remote Aboriginal communities have found high proportions of seroconversion. The family Flaviviridae comprises several genera of viruses with non-segmented single-stranded positive sense RNA genomes, and includes the flaviviruses and hepaciviruses. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance and subsequent development of T2D. Flaviviruses and HCV possess conserved proteins and subgenomic RNA structures that may play similar roles in the development of insulin resistance. While dietary and lifestyle factors are associated with increased risk of developing T2D, the impact of infectious diseases such as arboviruses has not been assessed. Flaviviruses circulating in Indigenous Australian communities may play a significant role in inducing glucose intolerance and exacerbating T2D.
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43561/16/43561%20Sorenson%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0727
Sorenson, Alanna, Owens, Leigh, Caltabiano, Marie, Cadet-James, Yvonne, Hall, Roy, Govan, Brenda, and Clancy, Paula (2016) The impact of prior flavivirus infections on the development of Type 2 Diabetes among the Indigenous Australians. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95 (2). pp. 265-268.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43561/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:49291
2024-03-01T14:42:02Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Overrepresentation of diabetes in soft tissue nontuberculous mycobacterial infections
Bridson, Tahnee
Govan, Brenda
Ketheesan, Natkunam
Norton, Robert
Diabetes predisposes patients to bacterial infections. Although diabetes confers susceptibility to tuberculosis, the association between nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections and diabetes remains unknown. A retrospective chart analysis of patients in northern Australia during a 20-year period with soft tissue NTM infections revealed that patients with diabetes were three times overrepresented in comparison to the general population (odds ratio = 3.13). There was a statistically significant association between NTM infections and diabetes in this patient cohort (P = 0.0082).
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/49291/1/49291_Bridson%20et%20al_2016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0104
Bridson, Tahnee, Govan, Brenda, Ketheesan, Natkunam, and Norton, Robert (2016) Overrepresentation of diabetes in soft tissue nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95 (3). pp. 528-530.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/49291/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:50392
2024-02-27T15:02:41Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Trends and risk factors for human Q fever in Australia, 1991-2014
Sloan-Gardner, T.S.
Massey, P.D.
Hutchinson, P.
Knope, K.
Fearnley, E.
Australian abattoir workers, farmers, veterinarians and people handling animal birthing products or slaughtering animals continue to be at high risk of Q fever despite an effective vaccine being available. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data were analysed for the period 1991-2014, along with enhanced risk factor data from notified cases in the states of New South Wales and Queensland, to examine changes in the epidemiology of Q fever in Australia. The national Q fever notification rate reduced by 20% [ incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.82] following the end of the National Q fever Management Program in 2006, and has increased since 2009 (IRR 1.01-1.34). Highest rates were in males aged 40-59 years (5.9/ 100 000) and 87% of Q fever cases occurred in New South Wales and Queensland. The age of Q fever cases and proportion of females increased over the study period. Based on the enhanced risk factor data, the most frequently listed occupation for Q fever cases involved contact with livestock, followed by ` no known risk' occupations. More complete and comparable enhanced risk factor data, at the State/ Territory and national levels, would aid in further understanding of the epidemiology of Q fever.
Cambridge University Press
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/50392/1/50392_Sloan-Gardner%20et%20al_2017.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816002843
Sloan-Gardner, T.S., Massey, P.D., Hutchinson, P., Knope, K., and Fearnley, E. (2017) Trends and risk factors for human Q fever in Australia, 1991-2014. Epidemiology and Infection, 145 (4). pp. 787-795.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/50392/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:50680
2024-02-29T14:35:36Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Anti-mycobacterial function of macrophages is impaired in a diet induced model of type 2 diabetes
Alim, Md Abdul
Sikder, Suchandan
Bridson, Tahnee L.
Rush, Catherine M.
Govan, Brenda L.
Ketheesan, Natkunam
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). In this study, a diet induced murine model of T2D (DIMT2D) was developed and characterized in the context of metabolic, biochemical and histopathological features following diet intervention. Mycobacterial susceptibility was investigated using Mycobacterium fortuitum as a surrogate. Phagocytic capability of alveolar macrophages and resident peritoneal macrophages were determined by in vitro assays using mycolic acid coated beads and M. fortuitum. Results demonstrated that bacillary loads were significantly higher in liver, spleen, and lungs of diabetic mice compared to controls. Higher inflammatory lesions and impaired cytokine kinetics (TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-12, IFN-gamma) were also observed in diabetic mice. Macrophages isolated from diabetic mice had lower uptake of mycolic acid coated beads, reduced bacterial internalization and killing and altered cytokine responses (TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1). This model will be useful to further investigate different facets of host-pathogen interactions in TB-T2D.
Elsevier
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/50680/1/50680%20Alim%20et%20al%202017.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.12.002
Alim, Md Abdul, Sikder, Suchandan, Bridson, Tahnee L., Rush, Catherine M., Govan, Brenda L., and Ketheesan, Natkunam (2017) Anti-mycobacterial function of macrophages is impaired in a diet induced model of type 2 diabetes. Tuberculosis, 102. pp. 47-54.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/50680/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:54079
2024-02-27T15:01:48Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of wound infections among inpatients and outpatients attending the Uuniversity of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Mohammed, Aynalem
Seid, Mengistu Endris
Gebrecherkos, Teklay
Tiruneh, Moges
Moges, Feleke
Background: The widespread uses of antibiotics, together with the length of time over which they have been available, have led to the emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens contributing to morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their drug susceptibility patterns from inpatients and outpatients with pus and/or wound discharge.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital from March to May, 2014. Wound swab samples were collected from each study participant and inoculated into appropriate media. The bacterial pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion technique following Kirby-Bauer method.
Results: A total of 137 study subjects were included in the study with bacterial isolation rate of 115 (83.9%). Of all, 81 (59.1%) were males. Seventy-seven (57%) of the isolates were Gram-negative and 59 (43%) were Gram-positive. From the total isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant isolate 39/115 (34%) followed by Klebsiella species (13%), coagulase negative staphylococci spp. (12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin (86.4%), amoxicillin (83%), penicillin (81.3%), oxacillin (74.6%), and tetracycline (59.4%), while Gram-negative isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (97.4%), ampicillin (94.8%), tetracycline (72.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (66%), and chloramphenicol (54.5%).
Conclusion: High prevalence of bacterial isolates was found, Staphylococcus aureus being the most dominant. High rates of multiple drug resistance pathogens to the commonly used antimicrobial agents were isolated. Therefore, concerned bodies should properly monitor the choice of antibiotics to be used as prophylaxis and empiric treatment in the study area.
Hindawi
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
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https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/54079/1/54079_Mohammed%20et%20al_2017.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8953829
Mohammed, Aynalem, Seid, Mengistu Endris, Gebrecherkos, Teklay, Tiruneh, Moges, and Moges, Feleke (2017) Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of wound infections among inpatients and outpatients attending the Uuniversity of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Microbiology, 2017. 8953829.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/54079/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:54240
2024-03-01T14:44:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Differential protein expression marks the transition from infection with Opisthorchis viverrinito cholangiocarcinoma
Khoontawad, Jarinya
Pairojkul, Chawalit
Rucksaken, Rucksak
Pinlaor, Porntip
Wongkham, Chaisiri
Yongvanit, Puangrat
Pugkhem, Ake
Jones, Alun
Plieskatt, Jordan
Potriquet, Jeremy
Bethony, Jeffery
Pinlaor, Somchai
Mulvenna, Jason
Parts of Southeast Asia have the highest incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the world because of infection by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov). Ov-associated CCA is the culmination of chronic Ov-infection, with the persistent production of the growth factors and cytokines associated with persistent inflammation, which can endure for years in Ov-infected individuals prior to transitioning to CCA. Isobaric labeling and tandem mass spectrometry of liver tissue from a hamster model of CCA was used to compare protein expression profiles from inflammed tissue (Ovinfected but not cancerous) versus cancerous tissue (Ov-induced CCA). Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to verify dysregulated proteins in the animal model and in human tissue. We identified 154 dysregulated proteins that marked the transition from Ov-infection to Ov-induced CCA, i.e. proteins dysregulated during carcinogenesis but not Ov-infection. The verification of dysregulated proteins in resected liver tissue from humans with Ov-associated CCA showed the numerous parallels in protein dysregulation between human and animal models of Ov-induced CCA. To identify potential circulating markers for CCA, dysregulated proteins were compared with proteins isolated from exosomes secreted by a human CCA cell line (KKU055) and 27 proteins were identified as dysregulated in CCA and present in exosomes. These data form the basis of potential diagnostic biomarkers for human Ov-associated CCA. The profile of protein dysregulation observed during chronic Ovinfection and then in Ov-induced CCA provides insight into the etiology of an infection-induced inflammation-related cancer.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/54240/1/Potriquet.pdf
http://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M116.064576
Khoontawad, Jarinya, Pairojkul, Chawalit, Rucksaken, Rucksak, Pinlaor, Porntip, Wongkham, Chaisiri, Yongvanit, Puangrat, Pugkhem, Ake, Jones, Alun, Plieskatt, Jordan, Potriquet, Jeremy, Bethony, Jeffery, Pinlaor, Somchai, and Mulvenna, Jason (2017) Differential protein expression marks the transition from infection with Opisthorchis viverrinito cholangiocarcinoma. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, 16. pp. 911-923.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/54240/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:57734
2024-02-28T15:03:51Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
A simple score to predict severe leptospirosis
Smith, Simon
Kennedy, Brendan J.
Dermedgoglou, Alexis
Poulgrain, Suzanne S.
Paavola, Matthew P.
Minto, Tarryn L.
Luc, Michael
Liu, Yu-Hsuan
Hanson, Josh
Background The case-fatality rate of severe leptospirosis can exceed 50%. While prompt supportive care can improve survival, predicting those at risk of developing severe disease is challenging, particularly in settings with limited diagnostic support.
Methodology/Principal findings We retrospectively identified all adults with laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Far North Queensland, Australia, between January 1998 and May 2016. Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings at presentation were correlated with the patients' subsequent clinical course. Medical records were available in 402 patients; 50 (12%) had severe disease. The presence of oliguria (urine output 500 mL/24 hours, odds ratio (OR): 16.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.9-38.8, p<0.001), abnormal auscultatory findings on respiratory examination (OR 11.2 (95% CI: 4.7-26.5, p<0.001) and hypotension (systolic blood pressure 100 mmHg, OR 4.3 (95% CI 1.7-10.7, p = 0.002) at presentation independently predicted severe disease. A three-point score (the SPiRO score) was devised using these three clinical variables, with one point awarded for each. A score could be calculated in 392 (98%) patients; the likelihood of severe disease rose incrementally: 8/287 (3%), 14/70 (20%), 18/26 (69%) and 9/9 (100%) for a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively (p = 0.0001). A SPiRO score <1 had a negative predictive value for severe disease of 97% (95% CI: 95-99%).
Conclusions/Significance A simple, three-point clinical score can help clinicians rapidly identify patients at risk of developing severe leptospirosis, prompting early transfer to referral centres for advanced supportive care. This inexpensive, bedside assessment requires minimal training and may have significant utility in the resource-limited settings which bear the greatest burden of disease.
Author summary Leptospirosis, a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution, is estimated to kill 60,000 people every year. Predicting those at risk of developing severe disease is challenging, and a simple scoring system to quantify the risk of severe disease has proven elusive. Identifying the high-risk patient is important, as it might expedite the initiation of life-saving supportive care. This review of 402 adult patients with leptospirosis in tropical Australia determined that three clinical variables identified at presentation independently predicted severe disease (a subsequent requirement for Intensive Care Unit admission, intubation, vasopressor support, renal replacement therapy or the development of pulmonary haemorrhage). These three variables (abnormal auscultatory findings on respiratory examination, hypotension and oliguria) were used to generate a simple, three-point clinical score which can be determined rapidly and reliably at the bedside by health care workers with minimal training. This simple score may help the clinical management of patients with leptospirosis, particularly in lower and middle-income countries that bear the greatest burden of disease.
Public Library of Science
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/57734/1/57734.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007205
Smith, Simon, Kennedy, Brendan J., Dermedgoglou, Alexis, Poulgrain, Suzanne S., Paavola, Matthew P., Minto, Tarryn L., Luc, Michael, Liu, Yu-Hsuan, and Hanson, Josh (2019) A simple score to predict severe leptospirosis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13 (2). e0007205.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/57734/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:60571
2024-03-05T14:23:51Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Association between higher ambient temperature and orthopaedic infection rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Vickers, Mark L.
Pelecanos, Anita
Tran, Marie
Eriksson, Lars
Assoum, Mohamad
Harris, Patrick N.
Jaiprakash, Anjali
Parkinson, Benjamin
Dulhunty, Joel
Crawford, Ross W.
Introduction: Many infectious diseases display seasonal variation corresponding with particular conditions. In orthopaedics a growing body of evidence has identified surges in post‐operative infection rates during higher temperature periods. The aim of this research was to collate and synthesize the current literature on this topic.
Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed using five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Central (Cochrane)). Study quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from monthly infection rates and a pooled OR was generated using the DerSimonian and Lairds method. A protocol for this review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42017081871).
Results: Eighteen studies analysing over 19 000 cases of orthopaedic related infection met inclusion criteria. Data on 6620 cases and 9035 controls from 12 studies were included for meta‐analysis. The pooled OR indicated an overall increased odds of post‐operative infection for patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures during warmer periods of the year (pooled OR 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.30).
Conclusion: A small but significantly increased odds of post‐operative infection may exist for orthopaedic patients who undergo procedures during higher temperature periods. It is hypothesized that this effect is geographically dependent and confounded by meteorological factors, local cultural variables and hospital staffing cycles.
Wiley-Blackwell
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60571/1/60571.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.15089
Vickers, Mark L., Pelecanos, Anita, Tran, Marie, Eriksson, Lars, Assoum, Mohamad, Harris, Patrick N., Jaiprakash, Anjali, Parkinson, Benjamin, Dulhunty, Joel, and Crawford, Ross W. (2019) Association between higher ambient temperature and orthopaedic infection rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, 89 (9). pp. 1028-1034.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60571/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:62399
2024-03-04T15:20:20Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Rapid progress toward elimination of Strongyloidiasis in North Queensland, tropical Australia, 2000-2018
Paltridge, Matthew
Smith, Simon
Traves, Aileen
McDermott, Robyn
Fang, Xin
Blake, Chris
Milligan, Brad
D'Addona, Andrew
Hanson, Joshua
Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. Strongyloidiasis is thought to be hyper-endemic in tropical Australia, but there are limited contemporary seroprevalence data to inform local elimination strategies. To define the temporospatial epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in Far North Queensland, tropical Australia, the serology results of 2,429 individuals tested for the infection between 2000 and 2018 were examined. The proportion of positive tests fell from 36/69 (52.2%) in 2000 to 18/222 (8.1%) in 2018 (P < 0.001). Indigenous patients were more likely to have a positive result (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.9,95% CI: 3.0-5.0); however, by the end of the study period, residence in a rural or remote location (OR 3.9 (95% CI: 1.2-13.0), P = 0.03) was a more important risk factor for seropositivity than Indigenous status (OR 1.1 (95% CI: 0.4-3.1) P = 0.91). Ivermectin prescription data were available for the period 2004-2018, with annual prescriptions increasing from 100 to 185 boxes (P = 0.01). The volume of ivermectin dispensed correlated negatively with seropositivity (Spearman's rho = -0.62, P = 0.02). An expanded environmental health program was implemented during the study period and likely contributed to the declining seroprevalence; however, the relative contributions of the individual components of this program are difficult to quantify. The seroprevalence of strongyloidiasis has declined markedly in this region of tropical Australia despite there being no targeted campaign to address the disease. Expanded prescription of ivermectin and public health interventions targeting the few remaining high-prevalence communities would be expected to expedite disease elimination.
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2020
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/62399/7/62399.pdf
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0490
Paltridge, Matthew, Smith, Simon, Traves, Aileen, McDermott, Robyn, Fang, Xin, Blake, Chris, Milligan, Brad, D'Addona, Andrew, and Hanson, Joshua (2020) Rapid progress toward elimination of Strongyloidiasis in North Queensland, tropical Australia, 2000-2018. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102 (2). pp. 339-345.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/62399/
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