2024-03-29T06:36:39Z
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/cgi/oai2
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42413
2024-03-05T14:33:49Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Cell density effects of frog skin bacteria on their capacity to inhibit growth of the Chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Yasumiba, Kiyomi
Bell, Sara
Alford, Ross
Bacterial symbionts on frog skin can reduce the growth of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) through production of inhibitory metabolites. Bacteria can be effective at increasing the resistance of amphibians to chytridiomycosis when added to amphibian skin, and isolates can be screened for production of metabolites that inhibit Bd growth in vitro. However, some bacteria use density-dependent mechanism such as quorum sensing to regulate metabolite production. It is therefore important to consider cell density effects when evaluating bacteria as possible candidates for bioaugmentation. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the density of cutaneous bacteria affects their inhibition of Bd growth in vitro. We sampled cutaneous bacteria isolated from three frog species in the tropical rainforests of northern Queensland, Australia, and selected ten isolates that were inhibitory to Bd in standardised pilot trials. We grew each isolate in liquid culture at a range of initial dilutions, sub-sampled each dilution at a series of times during the first 48 h of growth and measured spectrophotometric absorbance values, cell counts and Bd-inhibitory activity of cell-free supernatants at each time point. The challenge assay results clearly demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of most isolates were density dependent, with relatively low variation among isolates in the minimum cell density needed to inhibit Bd growth. We suggest the use of minimum cell densities and fast-growing candidate isolates to maximise bioaugmentation efforts.
Springer
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42413/1/42413%20Yasumiba%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0701-9
Yasumiba, Kiyomi, Bell, Sara, and Alford, Ross (2016) Cell density effects of frog skin bacteria on their capacity to inhibit growth of the Chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Microbial Ecology, 71 (1). pp. 124-130.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42413/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:52944
2018-04-17T03:52:30Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
Techniques and technologies for the biodiscovery of novel small molecule drug lead compounds from natural products
Wangchuk, Phurpa
Loukas, Alex
Natural resources including plants, animals and microorganisms contain enormous chemical diversity with huge potential for therapeutic applications. Identifying new drug lead compounds from these sources, which is the first critical stage of the drug development process, is a demanding task requiring multi-disciplinary approaches including material identification, collection, extraction, isolation, purification, characterisation, structure elucidation, identification, biological activity screening, lead optimisation, and pre-clinical evaluation in animal models. To support all these stages of drug lead identification, life science manufacturers have developed large numbers of powerful tools and technologies that have led to new paradigms in high-throughput drug discovery. Our chapter will focus on this first critical stage of drug discovery – identification of drug lead compounds from natural sources. We present the techniques and technologies currently available to screen bioactive natural products within the so-called “metabolomics” field.
Elsevier
Mandal, Subhash C.
Mandal, Vivekananda
Konishi, Tetsuya
2018
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52944/1/Book%20chapter%202018.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102081-4.00016-2
Wangchuk, Phurpa, and Loukas, Alex (2018) Techniques and technologies for the biodiscovery of novel small molecule drug lead compounds from natural products. In: Mandal, Subhash C., Mandal, Vivekananda, and Konishi, Tetsuya, (eds.) Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 435-465.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52944/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:57416
2024-02-27T15:17:20Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Quantitative profiling of cytokines and chemokines in DOCK8-deficient and atopic dermatitis patients
Jacob, Minnie
Bin Khalaf, Duaa
Alhissi, Safa
Arnout, Rand
Alsaud, Bander
Al-Mousa, Hamoud
Lopata, Andreas L.
Alazami, Anas M.
Dasouki, Majed
Rahman, Anas M. Abdel
Background Hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES) are a clinically overlapping, heterogeneous group of inborn errors of immunity characterized by elevated serum IgE level, eosinophilia, atopy, and immune dysregulation. Deficiency of DOCK8 protein is potentially a life-threatening autosomal recessive HIES and only curable with bone marrow transplantation. Hence, the diagnosis of DOCK8 deficiency is critical and should be sought at an early stage to initiate definitive therapy. Methods Serum samples from patients with DOCK8 deficiency and atopic dermatitis were profiled on a cytokine/chemokine panel for potential differential expression. Results CXCL10 and TNF-A were upregulated in DOCK8 patients when compared to AD, possibly contributing toward increased susceptibility to infections and cancer. In contrast, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was significantly downregulated in a subgroup of DOCK8-deficient and AD patients, while IL-31 expression was comparable between both DOCK8-deficient and AD cohorts, possibly contributing toward pruritus seen in both groups. Conclusion This comprehensive cytokine profile in HIES patients reveals distinctive biomarkers that differentiate between the DOCK8-deficient and AD patients. The unique expression profile of various inflammatory cytokines in patients with DOCK8 deficiency vs atopic dermatitis likely reflects disease-specific perturbations in multiple cellular processes and pathways leading to a predisposition to infections and allergies seen in these patients. These data agree with the role for EGF replacement therapy in EGF-deficient individuals with AD as well as DOCK8 deficiency through a potential shared pathway. In addition, these novel biomarkers may be potentially useful in distinguishing DOCK8 deficiency from AD allowing early-targeted treatment options.
Wiley-Blackwell
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/57416/1/57416_Jacob_et_al-2019-Allergy.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13610
Jacob, Minnie, Bin Khalaf, Duaa, Alhissi, Safa, Arnout, Rand, Alsaud, Bander, Al-Mousa, Hamoud, Lopata, Andreas L., Alazami, Anas M., Dasouki, Majed, and Rahman, Anas M. Abdel (2019) Quantitative profiling of cytokines and chemokines in DOCK8-deficient and atopic dermatitis patients. Allergy, 74 (2). pp. 370-379.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/57416/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:58145
2024-03-04T14:35:01Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Characterization of tapeworm metabolites and their reported biological activities
Wangchuk, Phurpa
Constantinoiu, Constantin
Eichenberger, Ramon M.
Field, Matt
Loukas, Alex
Parasitic helminths infect billions of people, livestock, and companion animals worldwide. Recently, they have been explored as a novel therapeutic modality to treat autoimmune diseases due to their potent immunoregulatory properties. While feeding in the gut/organs/tissues, the parasitic helminths actively release excretory-secretory products (ESP) to modify their environment and promote their survival. The ESP proteins of helminths have been widely studied. However, there are only limited studies characterizing the non-protein small molecule (SM) components of helminth ESP. In this study, using GC-MS and LC-MS, we have investigated the SM ESP of tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (isolated from dogs) which accidentally infects humans via ingestion of infected cat and dog fleas that harbor the larval stage of the parasite. From this D. caninum ESP, we have identified a total of 49 SM (35 polar metabolites and 14 fatty acids) belonging to 12 different chemotaxonomic groups including amino acids, amino sugars, amino acid lactams, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar phosphates, glycerophosphates, phosphate esters, disaccharides, fatty acids, and fatty acid derivatives. Succinic acid was the major small molecule present in the D. caninum ESP. Based on the literature and databases searches, we found that of 49 metabolites identified, only 12 possessed known bioactivities.
MDPI
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58145/1/58145_Wangchuk_et_al_2019.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081480
Wangchuk, Phurpa, Constantinoiu, Constantin, Eichenberger, Ramon M., Field, Matt, and Loukas, Alex (2019) Characterization of tapeworm metabolites and their reported biological activities. Molecules, 24 (8). 1480.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58145/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:58219
2024-03-05T14:27:25Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Molecular dissection of box jellyfish venom
cytotoxicity highlights an effective venom antidote
Lau, Man-Tat
Manion, John
Littleboy, Jamie B.
Oyston, Lisa
Khuong, Thang M.
Wang, Qiao-Ping
Nguyen, David T.
Hesselson, Daniel
Seymour, Jamie E.
Neely, G. Gregory
The box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri is extremely venomous, and envenoming causes tissue
necrosis, extreme pain and death within minutes after severe exposure. Despite rapid and
potent venom action, basic mechanistic insight is lacking. Here we perform molecular dissection
of a jellyfish venom-induced cell death pathway by screening for host components
required for venom exposure-induced cell death using genome-scale lenti-CRISPR mutagenesis.
We identify the peripheral membrane protein ATP2B1, a calcium transporting
ATPase, as one host factor required for venom cytotoxicity. Targeting ATP2B1 prevents
venom action and confers long lasting protection. Informatics analysis of host genes required
for venom cytotoxicity reveal pathways not previously implicated in cell death. We also
discover a venom antidote that functions up to 15 minutes after exposure and suppresses
tissue necrosis and pain in mice. These results highlight the power of whole genome CRISPR
screening to investigate venom mechanisms of action and to rapidly identify new medicines.
Nature Publishing Group
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58219/1/Molecular%20dissection%20of%20box%20jellyfish%20venom.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09681-1
Lau, Man-Tat, Manion, John, Littleboy, Jamie B., Oyston, Lisa, Khuong, Thang M., Wang, Qiao-Ping, Nguyen, David T., Hesselson, Daniel, Seymour, Jamie E., and Neely, G. Gregory (2019) Molecular dissection of box jellyfish venom cytotoxicity highlights an effective venom antidote. Nature Communications, 10. 1655.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58219/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:60084
2024-03-04T15:21:33Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Decreased maternal serum acetate and impaired fetal thymic and regulatory T cell development in preeclampsia
Hu, Mingjing
Eviston, David
Hsu, Peter
Mariño, Eliana
Chidgey, Ann
Santner-Nanan, Brigitte
Wong, Kahlia
Richards, James L.
Yap, Yu Anne
Collier, Fiona
Quinton, Ann
Joung, Steven
Peek, Michael
Benzie, Ron
Macia, Laurence
Wilson, David
Ponsonby, Ann-Louise
Tang, Mimi L. K.
O'Hely, Martin
Daly, Norelle L.
Mackay, Charles R.
Dahlstrom, Jane E.
The BIS Investigator Group,
Vuillermin, Peter
Nanan, Ralph
Maternal immune dysregulation seems to affect fetal or postnatal immune development. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-associated disorder with an immune basis and is linked to atopic disorders in offspring. Here we show reduction of fetal thymic size, altered thymic architecture and reduced fetal thymic regulatory T (Treg) cell output in preeclamptic pregnancies, which persists up to 4 years of age in human offspring. In germ-free mice, fetal thymic CD4(+) T cell and Treg cell development are compromised, but rescued by maternal supplementation with the intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, which induces upregulation of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), known to contribute to Treg cell generation. In our human cohorts, low maternal serum acetate is associated with subsequent preeclampsia, and correlates with serum acetate in the fetus. These findings suggest a potential role of acetate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and immune development in offspring.
Nature Publishing Group
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60084/1/s41467-019-10703-1.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10703-1
Hu, Mingjing, Eviston, David, Hsu, Peter, Mariño, Eliana, Chidgey, Ann, Santner-Nanan, Brigitte, Wong, Kahlia, Richards, James L., Yap, Yu Anne, Collier, Fiona, Quinton, Ann, Joung, Steven, Peek, Michael, Benzie, Ron, Macia, Laurence, Wilson, David, Ponsonby, Ann-Louise, Tang, Mimi L. K., O'Hely, Martin, Daly, Norelle L., Mackay, Charles R., Dahlstrom, Jane E., The BIS Investigator Group, , Vuillermin, Peter, and Nanan, Ralph (2019) Decreased maternal serum acetate and impaired fetal thymic and regulatory T cell development in preeclampsia. Nature Communications, 10. 3031.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60084/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:61691
2024-03-04T14:23:52Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Metabolomics distinguishes DOCK8 deficiency from atopic dermatitis: towards a biomarker discovery
Jacob, Minnie
Gu, Xinyun
Luo, Xian
Al-Mousa, Hamoud
Arnaout, Rand
Al-Saud, Bandar
Lopata, Andreas L.
Li, Liang
Dasouki, Majed
Abdel Rahman, Anas M.
Bi-allelic mutations in the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) are responsible for a rare autosomal recessive primary combined immunodeficiency syndrome, characterized by atopic dermatitis, elevated serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, recurrent severe cutaneous viral infections, autoimmunity, and predisposition to malignancy. The molecular link between DOCK8 deficiency and atopic skin inflammation remains unknown. Severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and DOCK8 deficiency share some clinical symptoms, including eczema, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE levels. Increased serum IgE levels are characteristic of, but not specific to allergic diseases. Herein, we aimed to study the metabolomic profiles of DOCK8-deficient and AD patients for potential disease-specific biomarkers using chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS). Serum samples were collected from DOCK8-deficient (n = 10) and AD (n = 9) patients. Metabolomics profiling using CIL LC-MS was performed on patient samples and compared to unrelated healthy controls (n = 33). Seven metabolites were positively identified, distinguishing DOCK8-deficient from AD patients. Aspartic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid (3HAA, a tryptophan degradation pathway intermediate) were up-regulated in DOCK8 deficiency, whereas hypotaurine, leucyl-phenylalanine, glycyl-phenylalanine, and guanosine were down-regulated. Hypotaurine, 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid, and glycyl-phenyalanine were identified as potential biomarkers specific to DOCK8 deficiency. Aspartate availability has been recently implicated as a limiting metabolite for tumour growth and 3HAA; furthermore, other tryptophan metabolism pathway-related molecules have been considered as potential novel targets for cancer therapy. Taken together, perturbations in tryptophan degradation and increased availability of aspartate suggest a link of DOCK8 deficiency to oncogenesis. Additionally, perturbations in taurine and dipeptides metabolism suggest altered antixidation and cell signaling states in DOCK8 deficiency. Further studies examining the mechanisms underlying these observations are necessary.
MDPI
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61691/1/61691_Jacob_et_al_2019.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110274
Jacob, Minnie, Gu, Xinyun, Luo, Xian, Al-Mousa, Hamoud, Arnaout, Rand, Al-Saud, Bandar, Lopata, Andreas L., Li, Liang, Dasouki, Majed, and Abdel Rahman, Anas M. (2019) Metabolomics distinguishes DOCK8 deficiency from atopic dermatitis: towards a biomarker discovery. Metabolites, 9 (11). 274.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61691/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:61835
2024-03-04T14:25:24Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Metabolomics toward personalized medicine
Jacob, Minnie
Lopata, Andreas L.
Dasouki, Majed
Abdel Rahman, Anas M.
Metabolomics, which is the metabolites profiling in biological matrices, is a key tool for biomarker discovery and personalized medicine and has great potential to elucidate the ultimate product of the genomic processes. Over the last decade, metabolomics studies have identified several relevant biomarkers involved in complex clinical phenotypes using diverse biological systems. Most diseases result in signature metabolic profiles that reflect the sums of external and internal cellular activities. Metabolomics has a major role in clinical practice as it represents >95% of the workload in clinical laboratories worldwide. Many of these metabolites require different analytical platforms, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), while many clinically relevant metabolites are still not routinely amenable to detection using currently available assays. Combining metabolomics with genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies will result in a significantly improved understanding of the disease mechanisms and the pathophysiology of the target clinical phenotype. This comprehensive approach will represent a major step forward toward providing precision medical care, in which individual is accounted for variability in genes, environment, and personal lifestyle. In this review, we compare and evaluate the metabolomics strategies and studies that focus on the discovery of biomarkers that have “personalized” diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value, validated for monitoring disease progression and responses to various management regimens.
Wiley
2019
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61835/1/61835_Jacob_et_al-2019-Mass_Spectrometry_Reviews.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21548
Jacob, Minnie, Lopata, Andreas L., Dasouki, Majed, and Abdel Rahman, Anas M. (2019) Metabolomics toward personalized medicine. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 38 (3). pp. 221-238.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61835/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:64084
2024-03-05T14:43:53Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Excretory/secretory metabolome of the zoonotic roundworm parasite Toxocara canis
Wangchuk, Phurpa
Lavers, Owen
Wishart, David
Loukas, Alex
Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease affecting humans that is predominantly caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, primarily parasites of dogs and cats, respectively. Toxocara generally establishes long-term infections by co-opting its host’s physiological processes, while at the same time exploiting the nutritional environment. Adult stage T. canis reside in the gut of the definitive canine host where they employ a suite of strategies to combat intestinal immune responses by actively producing and releasing excretory-secretory products (ESPs). The protein component of T. canis ESPs has been widely studied, but characterisation of the non-protein ESP complement remains neglected. To characterize the secreted metabolome of Toxocara ESPs and to shed light on the parasite’s metabolic processes, we profiled the ESPs of T. canis using both gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry approaches. We successfully identified 61 small molecules, including 41 polar metabolites, 14 medium-long chain fatty acids (MLCFAs) and six short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We identified talose, stearic acid and isovalerate as the major compounds belonging to the polar, MLCFA and SCFA chemical classes, respectively. Most of the 61 identified metabolites appear to have been produced by T. canis via three distinct metabolic pathways - fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The majority of the identified ESPs have known biological properties, especially as immunomodulators. However, there is limited/no information on the biological roles or applications of 31 ESP biomolecules, suggesting that these may have novel activities that merit further investigation.
MDPI
2020
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/64084/1/T.canis%20paper.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081157
Wangchuk, Phurpa, Lavers, Owen, Wishart, David, and Loukas, Alex (2020) Excretory/secretory metabolome of the zoonotic roundworm parasite Toxocara canis. Biomolecules, 10 (8). 1157.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/64084/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:66236
2024-03-05T14:50:36Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Small molecules in the venom of the scorpion Hormurus waigiensis
Evans, Edward R.J.
McIntyre, Lachlan
Northfield, Tobin
Daly, Norelle L.
Wilson, David T.
Despite scorpion stings posing a significant public health issue in particular regions of the world, certain aspects of scorpion venom chemistry remain poorly described. Although there has been extensive research into the identity and activity of scorpion venom peptides, non-peptide small molecules present in the venom have received comparatively little attention. Small molecules can have important functions within venoms; for example, in some spider species the main toxic components of the venom are acylpolyamines. Other molecules can have auxiliary effects that facilitate envenomation, such as purines with hypotensive properties utilised by snakes. In this study, we investigated some non-peptide small molecule constituents of Hormurus waigiensis venom using LC/MS, reversed-phase HPLC, and NMR spectroscopy. We identified adenosine, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and citric acid within the venom, with low quantities of the amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid also being present. Purine nucleosides such as adenosine play important auxiliary functions in snake venoms when injected alongside other venom toxins, and they may have a similar role within H. waigiensis venom. Further research on these and other small molecules in scorpion venoms may elucidate their roles in prey capture and predator defence, and gaining a greater understanding of how scorpion venom components act in combination could allow for the development of improved first aid.
MDPI
2020
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/66236/1/Edward%20biomedicines-08-00259.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8080259
Evans, Edward R.J., McIntyre, Lachlan, Northfield, Tobin, Daly, Norelle L., and Wilson, David T. (2020) Small molecules in the venom of the scorpion Hormurus waigiensis. Biomedicines, 8 (8). 259.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/66236/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:71224
2024-03-01T14:57:53Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Plant secondary metabolites produced in response to abiotic stresses has potential application in pharmaceutical product development
Yeshi, Karma
Crayn, Darren
Ritmejeryte, Edita
Wangchuk, Phurpa
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are vital for human health and constitute the skeletal framework of many pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, more than 25% of the existing drugs belong to PSMs. One of the continuing challenges for drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries is gaining access to natural products, including medicinal plants. This bottleneck is heightened for endangered species prohibited for large sample collection, even if they show biological hits. While cultivating the pharmaceutically interesting plant species may be a solution, it is not always possible to grow the organism outside its natural habitat. Plants affected by abiotic stress present a potential alternative source for drug discovery. In order to overcome abiotic environmental stressors, plants may mount a defense response by producing a diversity of PSMs to avoid cells and tissue damage. Plants either synthesize new chemicals or increase the concentration (in most instances) of existing chemicals, including the prominent bioactive lead compounds morphine, camptothecin, catharanthine, epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, resveratrol, and kaempferol. Most PSMs produced under various abiotic stress conditions are plant defense chemicals and are functionally anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. The major PSM groups are terpenoids, followed by alkaloids and phenolic compounds. We have searched the literature on plants affected by abiotic stress (primarily studied in the simulated growth conditions) and their PSMs (including pharmacological activities) from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, Databases, and journal websites. We used search keywords: “stress-affected plants,” “plant secondary metabolites, “abiotic stress,” “climatic influence,” “pharmacological activities,” “bioactive compounds,” “drug discovery,” and “medicinal plants” and retrieved published literature between 1973 to 2021. This review provides an overview of variation in bioactive phytochemical production in plants under various abiotic stress and their potential in the biodiscovery of therapeutic drugs. We excluded studies on the effects of biotic stress on PSMs.
MDPI
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71224/1/molecules-27-00313.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010313
Yeshi, Karma, Crayn, Darren, Ritmejeryte, Edita, and Wangchuk, Phurpa (2022) Plant secondary metabolites produced in response to abiotic stresses has potential application in pharmaceutical product development. Molecules, 27 (1). 313.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71224/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:76367
2024-02-28T15:08:35Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Metabolomics Work Flow and Analytics in Systems Biology
Chacko, Sanoj
Haseeb, Yumna B.
Haseeb, Sohaib
Metabolomics is an omics approach of systems biology that involves the development and assessment of large-scale, comprehensive biochemical analysis tools for metabolites in biological systems. This review describes the metabolomics workflow and provides an overview of current analytic tools used for the quantification of metabolic profiles. We explain analytic tools such as mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ionization techniques, and approaches for data extraction and analysis.
Bentham Science Publishers
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76367/1/76367.pdf
https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524022666211217102105
Chacko, Sanoj, Haseeb, Yumna B., and Haseeb, Sohaib (2022) Metabolomics Work Flow and Analytics in Systems Biology. Current Molecular Medicine, 22 (10). pp. 870-881.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76367/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:76634
2022-10-25T23:48:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
74797065733D746865736973
Venom chemistry and ecology of Australian scorpions
Evans, Edward Robert Jonathan
Edward Evans studied multiple Australian scorpion species, focusing on poorly understood aspects of scorpion venom chemistry and ecological drivers of venom variation. Novel peptides were characterised, and small molecules identified from scorpion venoms. Additionally, venom variation associated with ontogeny, sex, and defensive venom use was described.
2022
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76634/1/JCU_76634_Evans_2022_thesis.pdf
https://doi.org/10.25903/bfwf-b151
Evans, Edward Robert Jonathan (2022) Venom chemistry and ecology of Australian scorpions. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76634/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:79321
2023-07-11T21:54:47Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Metabolomics and lipidomics studies of parasitic helminths: molecular diversity and identification levels achieved by using different characterisation tools
Wangchuk, Phurpa
Yeshi, Karma
Loukas, Alex
Introduction:
Helminths are parasitic worms that infect millions of people worldwide and secrete a variety of excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including proteins, peptides, and small molecules. Despite this, there is currently no comprehensive review article on cataloging small molecules from helminths, particularly focusing on the different classes of metabolites (polar and lipid molecules) identified from the ESP and somatic tissue extracts of helminths that were studied in isolation from their hosts.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the metabolomics and lipidomics studies of parasitic helminths using all available analytical platforms.
Method:
To achieve this objective, we conducted a meta-analysis of the identification and characterization tools, metabolomics approaches, metabolomics standard initiative (MSI) levels, software, and databases commonly applied in helminth metabolomics studies published until November 2021.
Result:
This review analyzed 29 studies reporting the metabolomic assessment of ESPs and somatic tissue extracts of 17 helminth species grown under ex vivo/in vitro culture conditions. Of these 29 studies, 19 achieved the highest level of metabolite identification (MSI level-1), while the remaining studies reported MSI level-2 identification. Only 155 small molecule metabolites, including polar and lipids, were identified using MSI level-1 characterization protocols from various helminth species. Despite the significant advances made possible by the ‘omics’ technology, standardized software and helminth-specific metabolomics databases remain significant challenges in this field. Overall, this review highlights the potential for future studies to better understand the diverse range of small molecules that helminths produce and leverage their unique metabolomic features to develop novel treatment options.
Springer
2023
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/79321/1/Metabolomics.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-023-02019-5
Wangchuk, Phurpa, Yeshi, Karma, and Loukas, Alex (2023) Metabolomics and lipidomics studies of parasitic helminths: molecular diversity and identification levels achieved by using different characterisation tools. Metabolomics, 19 (63).
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/79321/
open