2024-03-29T12:46:44Z
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/cgi/oai2
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:35511
2024-03-01T15:10:05Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Effect of dietary supplementation of pasture-based primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with degummed crude canola oil on body condition score, liveweight, milk yield and composition
Otto, J.R.
Nish, P.
Balogun, R.O.
Freeman, M.J.
Malau-Aduli, B.S.
Lane, P.A.
Malau-Aduli, A.E.O.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of incremental levels of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO) supplementation to pasture-dominant diets of grazing, primiparous, Holstein-Friesian cows on lactation performance, milk composition and liveweight traits. We tested the hypothesis that supplementing primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with DCCO in a pasture-based dairy system will increase milk yield, fat and protein contents, but decrease cow body condition score (BCS) and liveweight. A random allocation of 20 primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows into four treatments was utilized in an eight-week feeding trial after two weeks of adjustment. The experimental treatments included a wheat-based pellet without DCCO (control), wheat-based pellet with DCCO added at 25 mL/kg on dry matter (DM) basis (low), 35 mL/kg on DM basis (medium) and 50 mL/kg on DM basis (high). Treatment and week (duration) of supplementation were significant sources of variation influencing milk yield (P = 0.0042), fat (P = 0.0118) and protein (P = 0.0002). Cows in the high treatment group had the greatest milk yield (168.7 ± 3.5 kg/week) and lower fat (3.3 ± 0.1%) and protein (3.0 ± 0.09%) percentages than cows in the control group (milk yield of 157.1 ± 3.5 kg/week, 4.0 ± 0.2% fat and 3.1 ± 0.0% protein). With the exception of somatic cell count and yield, the week (duration) of supplementation significantly influenced all milk composition traits. We concluded that supplementation of grazing dairy cows with DCCO had no negative impact on BCS and body weight gain. DCCO can be used to enhance milk yield, but at the expense of milk fat and protein.
Taylor & Francis
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/35511/1/41039%20Otto%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1031768
Otto, J.R., Nish, P., Balogun, R.O., Freeman, M.J., Malau-Aduli, B.S., Lane, P.A., and Malau-Aduli, A.E.O. (2016) Effect of dietary supplementation of pasture-based primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with degummed crude canola oil on body condition score, liveweight, milk yield and composition. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44 (1). pp. 194-200.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/35511/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:38730
2024-03-03T14:56:55Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
A survey of the meat goat industry in Queensland and New South Wales. 1. General property information, goat and pasture management
Nogueira, D.M.
Gardiner, C.P.
Gummow, B.
Cavalieri, J.
Fitzpatrick, L.A.
Parker, A.J.
This study aimed to survey farmers' knowledge and practices on the management of pastures, stocking rates and markets of meat goat-producing enterprises within New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. An interview-based questionnaire was conducted on properties that derived a significant proportion of their income from goats. The survey covered 31 landholders with a total land area of 567 177 ha and a reported total of 160 010 goats. A total of 55% (17/31) of producers were involved in both 'opportunistic harvesting' and commercial goat operations, and 45% (14/31) were specialised seedstock producers. Goats were the most important livestock enterprise on 55% (17/31) of surveyed properties. Stocking rate varied considerably (0.3–9.3 goats/ha) within and across surveyed properties and was found to be negatively associated with property size and positively associated with rainfall. Overall, 81% (25/31) of producers reported that the purpose of running goats on their properties was to target international markets. Producers also cited the importance of targeting markets as a way to increase profitability. Fifty-three percent of producers were located over 600 km from a processing plant and the high cost of freight can limit the continuity of goats supplied to abattoirs. Fencing was an important issue for goat farmers, with many producers acknowledging this could potentially add to capital costs associated with better goat management and production. Producers in the pastoral regions appear to have a low investment in pasture development and opportunistic goat harvesting appears to be an important source of income.
CSIRO Publishing
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/38730/6/38730%20Nogueira%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AN14793
Nogueira, D.M., Gardiner, C.P., Gummow, B., Cavalieri, J., Fitzpatrick, L.A., and Parker, A.J. (2016) A survey of the meat goat industry in Queensland and New South Wales. 1. General property information, goat and pasture management. Animal Production Science, 56 (9). pp. 1520-1532.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/38730/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:42246
2024-02-29T14:58:13Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Bos indicus cattle possess greater basal concentrations of HSP27, alpha B-crystallin, and HSP70 in skeletal muscle in vivo compared with Bos taurus cattle
Mullins, C.R.
Zerby, H.N.
Fitzpatrick, L.A.
Parker, A.J.
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the basal concentrations of heat shock proteins (HSP) between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle and determine if HSP basal concentrations change as an animal matures. A total of 40 cattle were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effects of genotype and age (heifers and mature cows) on basal concentrations of Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27), alpha B-crystallin (Cryab), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Each experimental group of 10 animals was sampled on a separate day over a period of 4 weeks during July 2014. A muscle sample was collected from the longissimus thoracis (LT) and concentrations of HSP were quantified using ELISA. There were no significant differences in HSP concentration for the interaction between age and genotype or for age alone. Bos indicus cattle had greater (P < 0.05) basal concentrations of HSP27, Cryab, and HSP70 in the LT than Bos taurus cattle. The results of this study show that basal in vivo HSP concentrations differ between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. However, further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between HSP concentrations and meat tenderness with respect to genotypes to see if HSP concentrations account for at least some variability in tenderness differences.
American Society of Animal Science
2016-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42246/1/42246%20Mullins%20et%20al%202016.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2015-9630
Mullins, C.R., Zerby, H.N., Fitzpatrick, L.A., and Parker, A.J. (2016) Bos indicus cattle possess greater basal concentrations of HSP27, alpha B-crystallin, and HSP70 in skeletal muscle in vivo compared with Bos taurus cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 94 (1). pp. 424-429.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/42246/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:54000
2024-03-02T14:24:24Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Estimation of methane emissions from local and crossbreed beef cattle in Daklak province of Vietnam
Ramírez-Restrepo, Carlos
Tien, Dung Van
Duc, Ngoan Le
Herrero, Mario
Dinh, Phung Le
Van, Dung Dinh
Hoa, Sen Le Thi
Chi, Cuong Vu
Solano-Patiño, Cesar
Lerner, Amy M.
Searchinger, Timothy D.
Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating effects of cattle breed resources and alternative mixed-feeding practices on meat productivity and emission intensities from household farming systems (HFS) in Daklak Province, Vietnam.
Methods: Records from Local Yellow×Red Sindhi (Bos indicus; Lai Sind) and 1/2 Limousin, 1/2 Drought Master, and 1/2 Red Angus cattle during the growth (0 to 21 months) and fattening (22 to 25 months) periods were used to better understand variations on meat productivity and enteric methane emissions. Parameters were determined by the ruminant model. Four scenarios were developed: (HFS1) grazing from birth to slaughter on native grasses for approximately 10 h plus 1.5 kg dry matter/d (0.8% live weight [LW]) of a mixture of Guinea grass (19%), cassava (43%) powder, cotton (23%) seed, and rice (15%) straw; (HFS2) growth period fed with elephant grass (1% of LW) plus supplementation (1.5% of LW) of rice bran (36%), maize (33%), and cassava (31%) meals; and HFS3 and HFS4 computed elephant grass, but concentrate supplementation reaching 2% and 1% of LW, respectively.
Results: Results show that compared to HFS1, emissions (72.3±0.96 kg CH 4 /animal/life; least squares means± standard error of the mean) were 15%, 6%, and 23% lower (p < 0.01) for the HFS2, HFS3, and HFS4, respectively. The predicted methane efficiencies (CO 2 eq) per kg of LW at slaughter (4.3±0.15), carcass weight (8.8±0.25 kg) and kg of edible protein (44.1±1.29) were also lower (p < 0.05) in the HFS4. In particular, irrespective of the HSF, feed supply and ratio changes had a more positive impact on emission intensities when crossbred 1/2 Red Angus cattle were fed than in their crossbred counterparts.
Conclusion: Modest improvements on feeding practices and integrated modelling frameworks may offer potential trade-offs to respond to climate change in Vietnam.
Asian-Australasian Association Animal Production Societies
2017-07-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/54000/1/54000_Ramirez-Restrepo%20et%20al_2017.pdf
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0821
Ramírez-Restrepo, Carlos, Tien, Dung Van, Duc, Ngoan Le, Herrero, Mario, Dinh, Phung Le, Van, Dung Dinh, Hoa, Sen Le Thi, Chi, Cuong Vu, Solano-Patiño, Cesar, Lerner, Amy M., and Searchinger, Timothy D. (2017) Estimation of methane emissions from local and crossbreed beef cattle in Daklak province of Vietnam. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30 (7). pp. 1054-1060.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/54000/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:55654
2024-03-01T14:45:23Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Progesterone signalling in broiler skeletal muscle is associated with divergent feed efficiency
Bottje, Walter
Kong, Byung-Whi
Reverter, Antonio
Waardenberg, Ashley J.
Lassiter, Kentu
Hudson, Nicholas J.
Background:
We contrast the pectoralis muscle transcriptomes of broilers selected from within a single genetic line expressing divergent feed efficiency (FE) in an effort to improve our understanding of the mechanistic basis of FE.
Results:
Application of a virtual muscle model to gene expression data pointed to a coordinated reduction in slow twitch muscle isoforms of the contractile apparatus (MYH15, TPM3, MYOZ2, TNNI1, MYL2, MYOM3, CSRP3, TNNT2), consistent with diminishment in associated slow machinery (myoglobin and phospholamban) in the high FE animals. These data are in line with the repeated transition from red slow to white fast muscle fibres observed in agricultural species selected on mass and FE. Surprisingly, we found that the expression of 699 genes encoding the broiler mitoproteome is modestly–but significantly–biased towards the high FE group, suggesting a slightly elevated mitochondrial content. This is contrary to expectation based on the slow muscle isoform data and theoretical physiological capacity arguments. Reassuringly, the extreme 40 most DE genes can successfully cluster the 12 individuals into the appropriate FE treatment group. Functional groups contained in this DE gene list include metabolic proteins (including opposing patterns of CA3 and CA4), mitochondrial proteins (CKMT1A), oxidative status (SEPP1, HIG2A) and cholesterol homeostasis (APOA1, INSIG1). We applied a differential network method (Regulatory Impact Factors) whose aim is to use patterns of differential co-expression to detect regulatory molecules transcriptionally rewired between the groups. This analysis clearly points to alterations in progesterone signalling (via the receptor PGR) as the major driver. We show the progesterone receptor localises to the mitochondria in a quail muscle cell line.
Conclusions:
Progesterone is sometimes used in the cattle industry in exogenous hormone mixes that lead to a ~20% increase in FE. Because the progesterone receptor can localise to avian mitochondria, our data continue to point to muscle mitochondrial metabolism as an important component of the phenotypic expression of variation in broiler FE.
Biomed Central
2017
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/55654/1/55654_Bottje_et_al_2017.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-017-0396-2
Bottje, Walter, Kong, Byung-Whi, Reverter, Antonio, Waardenberg, Ashley J., Lassiter, Kentu, and Hudson, Nicholas J. (2017) Progesterone signalling in broiler skeletal muscle is associated with divergent feed efficiency. BMC Systems Biology, 11. 29.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/55654/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:58521
2024-03-05T14:45:00Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Bone mineral density in the tail-bones of cattle: effect of dietary phosphorus status, liveweight, age and physiological status
Coates, D.B.
Dixon, R.B.
Murray, R.M.
Mayer, R.J.
Miller, C.P.
In three grazing experiments in the seasonally dry tropics of Australia, growing steers (Experiment 1), first-calf cows (Experiment 2) and mature breeder cows (Experiment 3), ingested diets for 12-17 months, which were either adequate or severely deficient in phosphorus (P) (Padeq and Pdefic, respectively). Bone mineral density (BMD) at the proximal end of the ninth coccygeal vertebra (Cy9) was measured at intervals using single photon absorptiometry (SPA). Liveweight (LW) and plasma inorganic phosphorus (PIP) concentrations were monitored at intervals and rib-bone cortical bone thickness (CBT) of biopsy samples was measured at the end of Experiments 1 and 3. Measurements of LW change, PIP concentrations and CBT confirmed that diet P intakes of cattle in the Padeq treatments were adequate whereas there was severe and chronic P deficiency in the Pdefic treatments. In Experiment 1 BMD in Padeq steers increased with LW and age from ∼0.25-0.27 g/cc (8 months, 200 kg LW) to ∼0.34 g/cc (32 months, 490 kg LW), whereas in Pdefic steers BMD decreased progressively to ∼0.23-0.24 g/cc. Although BMD decreased in the Pdefic steers bone volume of Cy9 (calculated from tail-bone thickness) increased, and some net bone deposition in the Cy9 continued. Rib-bone CBT and tail-bone BMD at the end of Experiment 1 were closely correlated (r ≤ 0.93). In Experiment 2 BMD was initially 0.33 g/cc (∼25 months, 400 kg LW) and did not change through pregnancy and lactation in Padeq cows. However, in the Pdefic cows there was a gradual decline in BMD to ∼0.25 g/cc. There was no change in dimensions of the Cy9 so the decreases in BMD involved net demineralisation of bone. In Experiment 3 BMD was less responsive to P deficiency than in Experiments 1 and 2. Only after ∼11 months was BMD reduced (P < 0.05) in the Pdefic cows, and then only by 15%. In contrast, rib-bone CBT decreased by 30% due to P deficiency, and BMD was poorly correlated with CBT (r ≤ 0.4). The effects of animal weight, age and maturity on tailbone BMD of P-adequate animals, and the different responses to P deficiency observed in young growing steers, first-calf cows and mature breeders are discussed in relation to the use of SPA measured tail-bone BMD to diagnose P deficiency in grazing cattle.
CSIRO Publishing
2018
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58521/1/58521_Coates_et_al_2018.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16376
Coates, D.B., Dixon, R.B., Murray, R.M., Mayer, R.J., and Miller, C.P. (2018) Bone mineral density in the tail-bones of cattle: effect of dietary phosphorus status, liveweight, age and physiological status. Animal Production Science, 58 (5). pp. 801-810.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/58521/
restricted
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:71191
2024-02-28T14:21:59Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Genetics and nutrition impacts on herd productivity in the Northern Australian beef cattle production cycle
Malau-Aduli, Aduli E.O.
Curran, Jessica
Gall, Holly
Henriksen, Erica
O'Connor, Alina
Paine, Lydia
Richardson, Bailey
van Sliedregt, Hannake
Smith, Lucy
Genetics and nutrition drive herd productivity due to significant impacts on all components of the beef cattle production cycle. In northern Australia, the beef production system is largely extensive and relies heavily on tropical cattle grazing low quality, phosphorus-deficient pastures with seasonal variations in nutritive value. The existing feedlots are predominantly grain-based; providing high-energy rations, faster turn-off and finishing of backgrounded cattle to meet market specifications. This review focusses on the beef cattle production cycle components of maternal nutrition, foetal development, bull fertility, post-natal to weaning, backgrounding, feedlotting, rumen microbes and carcass quality as influenced by genetics and nutrition. This student-driven review identified the following knowledge gaps in the published literature on northern Australian beef cattle production cycle:
1. Long-term benefits and effects of maternal supplementation to alter foetal enzymes on the performance and
productivity of beef cattle;
2. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to increase nutrient availability from the cell wall and better utilisation of
fibrous and phosphorus deficient pasture feedbase during backgrounding;
3. Supplementation with novel encapsulated calcium butyrate and probiotics to stimulate the early devel-
opment of rumen papillae and enhance early weaning of calves;
4. The use of single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic markers for the early selection of tropical beef cattle
for carcass and meat eating quality traits prior to feedlotting;
The review concludes by recommending future research in whole genome sequencing to target specific genes associated with meat quality characteristics in order to explore the development of breeds with superior genes more suited to the North Australian beef industry. Further research into diverse nutritional strategies of phosphorus supplementation and fortifying tropically adapted grasses with protein-rich legumes and forages for backgrounding and supplementing lot-fed beef cattle with omega-3 oil of plant origin will ensure sustainable production of beef with a healthy composition, tenderness, taste and eating quality.
Elsevier
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71191/1/70091_Malau-Aduli_et_al_2022.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2021.100228
Malau-Aduli, Aduli E.O., Curran, Jessica, Gall, Holly, Henriksen, Erica, O'Connor, Alina, Paine, Lydia, Richardson, Bailey, van Sliedregt, Hannake, and Smith, Lucy (2022) Genetics and nutrition impacts on herd productivity in the Northern Australian beef cattle production cycle. Veterinary and Animal Science, 15. 100228.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71191/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:71519
2024-03-01T14:58:29Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Modification of a GnRH-based system to synchronise oestrus in Bos indicus cattle improves pregnancy rates to AI in heifers but not cows
Cavalieri, Jo
Das, Sourav
Objective: To investigate if modification of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) based protocol to synchronise oestrus in Bos indicus cattle will improve response rates to the first administration of GnRH and improve pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (AI).
Design: Randomised control study.
Methods: Bos indicus heifers, nonlactating and lactating cows allocated to a GnRH-18 treatment (n = 237) were treated with an intravaginal device (IVD) and cloprostenol (0.5 mg IM) on day −11 and on day 0 remaining animals in the GnRH-7 treatment (n = 222) were administered an IVD and every animal was treated with GnRH (100 μg IM). On day 7, equine chorionic gonadotrophin (400 IU IM) and cloprostenol were administered and IVD's were removed. Animals detected in oestrus on day 9 were artificially inseminated while those not detected in oestrus were administered GnRH (100 μg IM) at 1700 hours and inseminated on day 10. Bulls were inserted 2 weeks after completion of AI and remained until day 65.
Results: The GnRH-18 protocol increased the diameter of the largest follicle in the ovary on day 0, increased the percentage of new CL's induced after day 0 (46.3% vs 36.1%, for GnRH-18 and GnRH-7; P = 0.022), decreased circulating concentrations of progesterone on day 7 and increased odds of pregnancy to AI in heifers but not in nonlactating and lactating cows.
Conclusion: Treatment with the GnRH-18 compared to the GnRH-7 protocol increased pregnancy rates to AI in heifers but not in nonlactating or lactating cows.
Wiley-Blackwell
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71519/1/71519_Cavalieri_and_Das_2022.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13142
Cavalieri, Jo, and Das, Sourav (2022) Modification of a GnRH-based system to synchronise oestrus in Bos indicus cattle improves pregnancy rates to AI in heifers but not cows. Australian Veterinary Journal, 100 (4). pp. 162-171.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71519/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:73546
2022-04-19T00:46:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
74797065733D746865736973
Nutritional impact of Desmanthus as protein supplement on tropical beef cattle performance, methane emissions, rumen volatile fatty acids and plasma metabolite profiles in northern Australia
Suybeng, Bénédicte
Bénédicte Suybeng investigated the effect of supplementing tropical beef cattle with Desmanthus on in vivo methane emissions and performance. She found that Desmanthus can maintain animal liveweight, health status and improve nitrogen utilisation without negatively affecting rumen fermentation and plasma metabolite profiles. However, on high-quality diets, Desmanthus did not reduce methane emissions. Meat & Livestock Australia is using the results of her study.
2021
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/73546/1/JCU_73546_Suybeng_2021_thesis.pdf
https://doi.org/10.25903/w96h-0d60
Suybeng, Bénédicte (2021) Nutritional impact of Desmanthus as protein supplement on tropical beef cattle performance, methane emissions, rumen volatile fatty acids and plasma metabolite profiles in northern Australia. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/73546/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:75379
2024-03-02T15:24:07Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Comparison of the initial ovarian response, the synchrony of oestrus and ovulation and chronic stress response after administration of 100 or 250 μg of GnRH to randomly cycling Bos indicus cattle
Abdallah, M.
Joone, C.
Edwards, S.
Das, S.
Cavalieri, J.
Objective: This study investigated the effects of administering saline, 100 or 250 μg of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on ovarian response, synchrony of oestrus and ovulation and chronic stress response in Bos indicus cattle.
Design: Randomised control.
Methods: Animals were either left untreated (n = 20) or on day 0 treated with an intravaginal progesterone releasing device and either saline (n = 24), 100 μg (n = 35), or 250 (n = 35) μg of GnRH, intramuscular (IM). Blood was sampled 1.4 h after administration of treatment to monitor concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) and P4 in serum and again 5 days later. On day 5 intravaginal P4 releasing device were removed, cloprostenol was administered IM and again 8 h later. Oestrus and ovulation were then monitored with ultrasonography for 6.5 days. Hair was clipped on day 55 for analysis of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC).
Results: No significant differences were found between Saline and GnRH treatments in the odds of inducing a new corpus luteum (CL) and the synchrony of oestrus or ovulation. HCC did not differ significantly between treatments. Mean concentrations of LH in serum on day 0 were less in the Saline compared to 100 and 250 μg GnRH treatments but did not differ between different doses of GnRH.
Conclusion: Mean concentrations of LH and the odds of inducing a new CL were not increased after administering 250 μg compared to 100 μg of GnRH. Animal handling events in the study did not influence HCC. Further research is needed to better optimise responses to GnRH in B. indicus cattle.
Wiley-Blackwell
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75379/1/75379.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13196
Abdallah, M., Joone, C., Edwards, S., Das, S., and Cavalieri, J. (2022) Comparison of the initial ovarian response, the synchrony of oestrus and ovulation and chronic stress response after administration of 100 or 250 μg of GnRH to randomly cycling Bos indicus cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal, 100 (10). pp. 479-491.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75379/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:75700
2024-03-01T14:21:17Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes influence carcass characteristics of tropical crossbred beef steers
Mwangi, Felista W.
Pewan, Shedrach B.
Otto, John R.
Adegboye, Oyelola A.
Charmley, Edward
Gardiner, Christopher P.
Malau-Aduli, Bunmi S.
Kinobe, Robert T.
Malau-Aduli, Aduli E.O.
This study explored the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes that may influence the carcass traits of tropical crossbred beef cattle. The hypothesis tested was that SNP in the FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes are associated with chiller-assessed carcass traits of tropically adapted northern Australian crossbred beef cattle. Fifty Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred steers were backgrounded on either buffel grass only, or buffel grass and desmanthus mixed pastures for 147 days and finished in a commercial feedlot for 110 days. Steers were slaughtered within 48 h of leaving the feedlot within a lairage period not exceeding 12 h and carcasses graded 12 h after slaughter. Next-generation sequencing of the FASN, FABP4, and SCD genes identified multiple SNP loci that were correlated and significantly associated with carcass traits. The FABP4 g.44677205A>G locus was significantly associated with hump height and correlated with loin eye muscle area (EMA; p < 0.05). Polymorphism in the SCD gene g.21275851C>A locus was associated with subcutaneous fat depth and marbling score (p < 0.05). The CC genotype had a higher subcutaneous fat depth and marbling score (p < 0.05) than the AA genotype. Significant correlations were observed between carcass marbling score and subcutaneous fat depth within the FASN SNP locus (p < 0.05). Therefore, the hypothesis that SNP in the FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes are associated with chiller-assessed carcass traits of tropically adapted northern Australian crossbred beef cattle was accepted. These findings suggest that SNP in the FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes may be used in carcass grading and meat quality improvement through marker-assisted selection of northern Australian crossbred beef cattle.
MDPI
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75700/1/Mwangi%20et%20al.%202022%20Agriculture%20Volume%2012%20Issue%208%20Article%201171.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081171
Mwangi, Felista W., Pewan, Shedrach B., Otto, John R., Adegboye, Oyelola A., Charmley, Edward, Gardiner, Christopher P., Malau-Aduli, Bunmi S., Kinobe, Robert T., and Malau-Aduli, Aduli E.O. (2022) Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes influence carcass characteristics of tropical crossbred beef steers. Agriculture, 12 (8). 1171.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75700/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:75701
2024-03-01T14:21:18Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Lipogenic gene single nucleotide polymorphic DNA markers associated with intramuscular fat, fat melting point, and health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford and Wagyu beef cattle
Otto, John R.
Mwangi, Felista W.
Pewan, Shedrach B.
Adegboye, Oyelola A.
Malau-Aduli, Aduli E.O.
This study used targeted sequencing aimed at identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in lipogenic genes and their associations with health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), intramuscular fat (IMF), and fat melting point (FMP) of the M. longissimus dorsi muscle in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu cattle. It was hypothesized that SNP encoding for the fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes will be significantly associated with health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA and the meat eating quality traits of IMF and FMP in an Australian pasture-based beef production system. Two SNP mutations, g.21267406 T>C and g.21271264 C>A, in the SCD gene were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with IMF, FMP, oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (LA) 18:2n-6, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) 18:3n-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20:5n-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6-n-3, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) 22:5n-3. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between FASN SNP g. 50787138 A>G and FMP, 18:1n-9, ALA, EPA, DHA, DPA, and total n-3 LC-PUFA were also detected. An SNP (g.44678794 G>A) in the FABP4 gene was associated with FMP. These results provide significant insights into the contributions of lipogenic genes to intramuscular fat deposition and the biosynthesis of health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA. The findings also unravel the potential use of lipogenic gene polymorphisms in marker-assisted selection to improve the content of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA and meat eating quality traits in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford, and Wagyu beef cattle.
MDPI
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75701/1/75701.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13081411
Otto, John R., Mwangi, Felista W., Pewan, Shedrach B., Adegboye, Oyelola A., and Malau-Aduli, Aduli E.O. (2022) Lipogenic gene single nucleotide polymorphic DNA markers associated with intramuscular fat, fat melting point, and health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in Australian pasture-based Bowen Genetics Forest Pastoral Angus, Hereford and Wagyu beef cattle. Genes, 13 (8). 1411.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75701/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:76229
2024-03-03T14:17:43Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers backgrounded on buffel grass or buffel–Desmanthus mixed pastures
Mwangi, Felista Waithira
Savage, Darryl
Gardiner, Christopher Peter
Charmley, Edward
Malau-Aduli, Bunmi Sherifat
Kinobe, Robert Tumwesigye
Malau-Aduli, Aduli Enoch Othniel
Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of tropical beef steers backgrounded on buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) only or buffel grass oversown with desmanthus (Desmanthus spp. ; 11.5% initial sward botanical composition) were evaluated. It was hypothesized that tropical beef cattle steers backgrounded on buffel grass only or buffel grass oversown with desmanthus with similar backgrounding growth performance will not differ in feedlot growth performance and carcass quality. Three hundred and twelve Bos indicus × Bos taurus tropical composite steers, 20–23 months old and weighing 413 ± 24 kg, previously backgrounded on buffel grass only or buffel-desmanthus mixed pastures for 147 days were finished on a concentrate diet in the feedlot for 110 days before slaughter. Buffel–desmanthus backgrounded steers had a slightly higher average daily gain (ADG; 1.8 kg/day) than the buffel grass backgrounded steers that had 1.7 kg/day ADG (p < 0.01). However, the final live weight and dry matter intake were not different (p ≥ 0.59). All the carcass traits measured were not different (p ≥ 0.18). Only 4% buffel grass and 8% buffel-desmanthus backgrounded steers fell short of the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) index, a level that is within the 4–9% reported for cattle produced in Queensland and slaughtered between July 2019 and June 2020. These findings indicate that desmanthus can be used to background beef cattle in northern Australia vertosol soil regions, where there is a paucity of adapted pasture legumes, with no negative impact on feedlot performance and carcass quality. The hypothesis that tropical beef cattle steers backgrounded on buffel grass only pastures or buffel grass oversown with desmanthus with similar backgrounding growth performance will have similar feedlot growth performance and carcass quality was accepted.
Frontiers Research Foundation
2022
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76229/1/76229.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.898325
Mwangi, Felista Waithira, Savage, Darryl, Gardiner, Christopher Peter, Charmley, Edward, Malau-Aduli, Bunmi Sherifat, Kinobe, Robert Tumwesigye, and Malau-Aduli, Aduli Enoch Othniel (2022) Feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers backgrounded on buffel grass or buffel–Desmanthus mixed pastures. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9. 898325.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76229/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:78630
2023-05-01T23:59:11Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Diet Preference, Feed Efficiency and Expression of the Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter Isoform 1 and Sweet Taste Receptors in the Jejunum of Lambs Supplemented with Different Flavours
Mwangi, Felista
Dallasheh, Areen
Kalyesubula, Mugagga
Reicher, Naama
Sabastian, Chris
Mabjeesh, Sameer J.
This study investigated the effect of dietary flavour supplements on the preference, feed efficiency and expression of the sweet taste receptor family 1 members 2 and 3 (T1R2 + T1R3), and sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) genes in the lambs’ small intestines. Eight, five-month-old, Israeli crossbred Assaf lambs were offered 16 different non-nutritive commercial flavours in rolled barley and ground corn. Capsicum and sucram were the most preferred non-aroma flavours (p = 0.020), while milky (p < 0.001) was the most preferred powder-aroma flavour. For the metabolic and relative gene expression study, eight lambs were randomly assigned to either sucram, capsicum, a mix containing sucram and capsicum at 1:1 ratio or no flavour for control in a 4 × 2 cross-over design. The total collection of urine (females only), faeces and refusals was carried out, and T1R2, T1R3 and SGLT1 relative gene expression evaluated from the proximal jejunum biopsies. Flavour had no significant effect on the feed intake (p = 0.934), but capsicum increased the average daily weight gain per metabolic body weight (p = 0.049). The T1R3 gene was expressed highest in the mix treatment (1.7; p = 0.005). Collectively, our findings indicate that flavours can be used to motivate feed acceptance and improve the weight gain in lambs.
MDPI
2023
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/78630/1/78630.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081417
Mwangi, Felista, Dallasheh, Areen, Kalyesubula, Mugagga, Reicher, Naama, Sabastian, Chris, and Mabjeesh, Sameer J. (2023) Diet Preference, Feed Efficiency and Expression of the Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter Isoform 1 and Sweet Taste Receptors in the Jejunum of Lambs Supplemented with Different Flavours. Animals, 13. 1417.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/78630/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:78991
2024-03-04T14:48:23Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
The carbon footprint of young-beef cattle finishing systems in the Eastern Plains of the Orinoco River Basin of Colombia
Ramírez-Restrepo, Carlos A.
Vera-Infanzón, Raul R.
Rao, Idupulapati M.
Introduction: Previous research has shown increased productivity amongst sown grass pastures compared to native savanna pastures by year-round grazing for fattening of adult and young Brahman (Bos indicus)-bred cattle in the well-drained native savanna ecosystem of the Colombian Orinoquía. But there is limited information on the carbon footprint (CF) of commercial young-Brahman heifers and steers reared throughout life on well-managed Brachiaria decumbens Stapf pastures.
Methods: The present study characterized growth, lifetime enteric methane (CH4) emissions, carcass carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) CH4 efficiency intensities (i.e., emissions per kg of product), and estimated the overall CF of young cattle grazing B. decumbens pastures subject to a range of daily liveweight gains (DLWGs; 0.428 – 0.516 kg) and fattening framework (405 – 574 kg). Weaning data from seven consecutive calving seasons in a commercial Brahman breeding herd continuously grazed on B. decumbens were integrated with a Microsoft Excel® dynamic greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) simulation of stockers-yearlings, and seven fattening, and processing scenarios.
Results: The model predicted that heifers subject to low and high DLWGs (0.428 vs 0.516 kg) and steers (0.516 kg) may be successfully fattened without supplementation assuming that animals had access to a well-managed grass pasture. Depending on the fattening strategy, kg CO2-eq CH4/kg edible protein values ranged from 66.843 to 87.488 ± 0.497 for heifers and from 69.689 to 91.291 ± 0.446 for steers.
Discussion: Assuming that forage on offer is at least 1,500-2,000 kg of dry matter/ha during the rainy season, all the simulated systems showed potential for C neutrality and net-zero C emission when considering GHGEs from the soil, pasture, and animal components vs the estimated soil C capture over seven seasons. However, under a more optimistic scenario, these beef systems could accomplish substantial net gains of soil C, over the period for which field data are available. Overall, this study projects the positive impact of the design of plausible fattening strategies on grasslands for improving cattle productivity and reducing emission intensities with concomitant increases in technical efficiency.
Frontiers Media SA
2023
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/78991/1/78991.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1103826
Ramírez-Restrepo, Carlos A., Vera-Infanzón, Raul R., and Rao, Idupulapati M. (2023) The carbon footprint of young-beef cattle finishing systems in the Eastern Plains of the Orinoco River Basin of Colombia. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4. 1103826.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/78991/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:79539
2024-03-05T14:37:53Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
MFLD-net: a lightweight deep learning network for fish morphometry using landmark detection
Saleh, Alzayat
Jones, David
Jerry, Dean
Azghadi, Mostafa Rahimi
Monitoring the morphological traits of farmed fish is pivotal in understanding growth, estimating yield, artificial breeding, and population-based investigations. Currently, morphology measurements mostly happen manually and sometimes in conjunction with individual fish imaging, which is a time-consuming and expensive procedure. In addition, extracting useful information such as fish yield and detecting small variations due to growth or deformities, require extra offline processing of the manually collected images and data. Deep learning (DL) and specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have previously demonstrated great promise in estimating fish features such as weight and length from images. However, their use for extracting fish morphological traits through detecting fish keypoints (landmarks) has not been fully explored. In this paper, we developed a novel DL architecture that we call Mobile Fish Landmark Detection network (MFLD-net). We show that MFLD-net can achieve keypoint detection accuracies on par or even better than some of the state-of-the-art CNNs on a fish image dataset. MFLD-net uses convolution operations based on Vision Transformers (i.e. patch embeddings, multi-layer perceptrons). We show that MFLD-net can achieve competitive or better results in low data regimes while being lightweight and therefore suitable for embedded and mobile devices. We also provide quantitative and qualitative results that demonstrate its generalisation capabilities. These features make MFLD-net suitable for future deployment in fish farms and fish harvesting plants.
Springer
2023
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/79539/2/79539.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-023-10044-8
Saleh, Alzayat, Jones, David, Jerry, Dean, and Azghadi, Mostafa Rahimi (2023) MFLD-net: a lightweight deep learning network for fish morphometry using landmark detection. Aquatic Ecology, 57. pp. 913-931.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/79539/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:80764
2023-11-02T02:39:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
74797065733D746865736973
Genetic selection for health beneficial long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, intramuscular fat, and fat melting point in Australian white lambs
Pewan, Shedrach Benjamin
Shedrach Pewan used targeted sequencing of lipogenic genes in Tattykeel Australian white lambs for improving meat quality. He unraveled the underpinning molecular mechanisms for fat melting point, healthy omega-3s and marbling. Meat sheep producers can use these DNA marker-assisted selection tools for improving feed efficiency, commercial cuts, and healthy lamb.
2022
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/80764/1/JCU_80764_Pewan_2022_thesis.pdf
https://doi.org/10.25903/gf7r-z422
Pewan, Shedrach Benjamin (2022) Genetic selection for health beneficial long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, intramuscular fat, and fat melting point in Australian white lambs. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/80764/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:81407
2024-01-17T02:54:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
74797065733D746865736973
Tropical beef cattle growth performance and meat quality in response to backgrounding on Desmanthus spp. pastures
Mwangi, Felista Waithira
Felista Mwangi investigated the effect of supplementing tropical beef cattle with desmanthus on performance and meat quality. She found that desmanthus can maintain animal weight gain and plasma metabolite profile without negatively affecting carcass traits and meat quality. Additionally, she identified genetic markers in lipogenic genes for carcass and meat quality improvement. Beef cattle producers are using the results of her study.
2022
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/81407/1/JCU_81407_Mwangi_2022_thesis.pdf
https://doi.org/10.25903/hfwd-ts63
Mwangi, Felista Waithira (2022) Tropical beef cattle growth performance and meat quality in response to backgrounding on Desmanthus spp. pastures. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/81407/
open