2024-03-28T15:44:33Z
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/cgi/oai2
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:130
2024-02-28T14:41:57Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
Late Quaternary stream sedimentation in the humid tropics: a review with new data from NE Queensland, Australia
Thomas, Michael F.
Nott, Jonathan
Price, David M.
There is now a wide agreement that temperature depression in the humid tropics during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was at least 5°C. Most estimates of precipitation reduction at the LGM range from 25–30% to 50–65%, based on proxy data, but the recent CCM1 model envisages only around 12%. Dates obtained from river sediments indicate major changes to fluvial activity in the late Quaternary. Isotope Zone 3 sediments (58–28 ka BP) are widespread and possibly indicate cooler conditions. Post-28 ka BP, and certainly post-21 ka BP, river regimes altered radically towards fan building, braiding or major reduction in all activity. This paper reports on fan formation in NE Queensland between 26 and 14 ka BP and reviews evidence for comparable changes in humid tropical areas of S America, W Africa and SE Asia, including records of Holocene sedimentation. Within a global rhythm of major changes to river regimes in the humid tropics during the late Quaternary, it is now possible to detect regional variations in stream response to climatic change. At the LGM, reductions in stream power may have led to fan formation in NE Queensland, while vegetation changes may have contributed to increased sediment loads and braiding in some forest marginal areas. But, in W Africa, greater aridity may have been responsible for enfeebled streams leaving few records.
Channel cutting, then deposition of coarse sediment in braided rivers marked the transition to the early Holocene in W Africa, and fans became entrenched in NE Queensland. This regime persisted until forest recovery was complete by 9.5–8.5 ka BP, when widespread overbank deposition occurred and a change towards meandering channels took place widely across the humid tropical zone, followed by several cut-and-fill episodes in the middle and late Holocene.
Elsevier
2001-07
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/130/1/test_item_page_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00051-4
Thomas, Michael F., Nott, Jonathan, and Price, David M. (2001) Late Quaternary stream sedimentation in the humid tropics: a review with new data from NE Queensland, Australia. Geomorphology, 39 (1-2). pp. 53-68.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/130/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:135
2011-02-11T16:07:07Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:136
2011-02-11T16:07:11Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:137
2016-12-15T14:21:11Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:138
2014-02-11T08:45:29Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:140
2011-02-11T16:07:48Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:145
2008-10-16T01:14:00Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:147
2024-02-28T14:42:00Z
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Relative contribution of food and water to the Cd burden in Balanus amphitrite in an urban tidal creek discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon
Da Silva, Eduardo Teixeira
Ridd, Michael
Klumpp, David
Ridd, Peter
The barnacle biomonitor Balanus amphitrite, its food sources (two class sizes of suspended particulate material, SPM, and microzooplankton) and water (dissolved phase) were sampled weekly for Cd concentrations along a tidal creek discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Ross Creek, Townsville, Queensland). The Cd concentration in the dissolved phase increased upstream, ranging from 1.7 to 283 ng L−1. The Cd concentration in the barnacle's food sources exhibited the same pattern—ranging, for the small size class of SPM (0.45–50 μm), from <0.01 to 1.15 mg kg−1, for large SPM (50–200 μm) from 0.07 to 1.62 mg kg−1, and for microzooplankton (50–200 μm) from 0.03 to 0.80 mg kg−1. More than 95% of the total Cd in the Ross Creek water (<200 μm) was in the dissolved phase (<0.45 μm). A simple diffusion coefficient model estimated an export during the dry season from Ross Creek into the GBR lagoon of around 6 g Cd d−1. The Cd concentration in two populations of B. amphitrite increased upstream between two sites 2.2 km apart and ranged from 2.15 to 4.69 mg kg−1 and from 5.47 to 12.81 mg kg−1. In addition, their Cd concentrations varied over the three sampling months, exhibiting specific patterns for this variation, which suggests that changing the food sources' Cd concentration and relative abundance may result in a specific Cd concentration in B. amphitrite. Therefore, for monitoring programs, the interpretation of variations in metal concentration in a biomonitor would be improved by looking at its metal sources and their temporal variability.
Elsevier
2004-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/147/1/147_da_Silva_et_al_2004.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.01.007
Da Silva, Eduardo Teixeira, Ridd, Michael, Klumpp, David, and Ridd, Peter (2004) Relative contribution of food and water to the Cd burden in Balanus amphitrite in an urban tidal creek discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 60 (2). pp. 313-324.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/147/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:153
2008-10-16T01:14:35Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:173
2008-10-16T01:15:11Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:174
2024-02-27T15:13:13Z
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Deaths associated with dengue haemorrhagic fever: the first in Australia in over a century
McBride, William J.H.
A dengue fever epidemic was recognised in the Torres Strait Islands of Queensland in late 2003. Two fatal
cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever occurred in early 2004. This severe manifestation is more common when
a patient is infected a second time, with a different virus serotype to the first infection. These are the first
fatalities related to dengue fever in Australia in over a century.
Australasian Medical Publishing Company
2005-07-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/174/1/mcb10834_fm.pdf
http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/183_01_040705/mcb10834_fm.html
McBride, William J.H. (2005) Deaths associated with dengue haemorrhagic fever: the first in Australia in over a century. Medical Journal of Australia, 183 (1). pp. 35-37.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/174/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:175
2024-02-27T15:13:24Z
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A molecular model for sporadic human aneuploidy
Warren, William D.
Gorringe, Kylie L.
Aneuploidy is a leading cause of birth defects and a significant contributor to infertility in humans. Maternal age is the only well-established risk factor for gametic aneuploidy in the general population, with the underlying cause(s) yet to be identified. Here we present an extension of the ‘two-hit’ model for sporadic human aneuploidy. An important implication of this model is that the genetic makeup of an individual will influence the threshold where recombinationally at-risk oocytes (hit-1 events) become sensitive to the effects of advancing age (hit-2 events). Consequently, the age-related risk of gametic aneuploidy in many individuals is likely to differ significantly from the population average, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with altered risk should be identifiable.
Elsevier
2006-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/175/1/william_gorringe.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2006.02.007
Warren, William D., and Gorringe, Kylie L. (2006) A molecular model for sporadic human aneuploidy. Trends in Genetics, 22 (4). pp. 218-224.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/175/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:177
2024-02-27T15:13:26Z
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Effect of season of burning and removal of herbaceous cover on seedling emergence in a eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia
Williams, Paul R.
Congdon, Robert A.
Grice, Anthony C.
Clarke, Peter J.
Seedling emergence in a eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia was documented over a 12-month period, between May 1999 and May 2000. Seedling emergence for grasses, forbs and subshrubs was found to mainly occur in a brief pulse at the start of the wet season following fire or the removal of grass biomass. Only a minor number of tree and shrub seedlings were detected overall. Burning, or cutting away the grass layer in unburnt savanna, in both the early (i.e. May) and the late (i.e. October) dry seasons significantly increased seedling emergence over undisturbed savanna that had been unburnt for 3 years. Removing the grass layer in unburnt savanna, during either the early or the late dry season, triggered similar seedling densities to savanna burnt in the early dry season. Late dry season fires promoted the greatest seedling density. We attribute this to the higher intensity, late dry season fires releasing a greater proportion of seed from dormancy, coupled with the higher density of soil seed reserves present in the late dry season.
Wiley
2005-08
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/177/1/Congdon_2.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01484.x
Williams, Paul R., Congdon, Robert A., Grice, Anthony C., and Clarke, Peter J. (2005) Effect of season of burning and removal of herbaceous cover on seedling emergence in a eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology, 30 (5). pp. 491-496.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/177/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:179
2024-02-27T15:13:01Z
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Germinable soil seed banks in a tropical savanna: seasonal dynamics and effects of fire
Williams, Paul R.
Congdon, Robert A.
Grice, Anthony C.
Clarke, Peter J.
The germinable soil seed bank of a tropical eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia was found to be dominated by grasses and forbs, with seed bank density ranging from 58 to 792 seeds per square metre, from a total of 53 species. Late dry season fires and the fire-related cues, heat shock and smoke, broke the seed dormancy of a range of tropical savanna species. Heat shock promoted the germination of the species groups natives, exotics, subshrubs, ephemeral and twining perennial forbs, and the common species Indigofera hirsuta, Pycnospora lutescens and Triumfetta rhomboidea. Exposure to smoke at ambient temperature promoted germination from the soil seed bank of the species groups combined natives, upright perennial forbs and grasses, as well as the common grasses Digitaria breviglumis and Heteropogon triticeus. The germinable soil seed bank varied seasonally, increasing from the mid wet season (February) and early dry season (May) to a maximum in the late dry season (October). The effect of recent fire history on soil seed bank dynamics was limited to the immediate release of some seed from dormancy; a reduction in seed densities of subshrubs and monocots, other than grasses, in recently burnt savanna; and enhanced seed density of the ephemeral I. hirsuta in the year following fire. The seed banks of most savanna species were replenished in the year following burning.
Wiley
2005-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/179/1/Congdon_5.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.tb00368.x
Williams, Paul R., Congdon, Robert A., Grice, Anthony C., and Clarke, Peter J. (2005) Germinable soil seed banks in a tropical savanna: seasonal dynamics and effects of fire. Austral Ecology, 30 (1). pp. 79-90.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/179/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:180
2019-08-02T17:00:27Z
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Fine root biomass and soil N and P in north Queensland rain forests
Maycock, Colin R.
Congdon, Robert A.
[Extract] The development of an extensive surface root mat is one of the major mechanisms that enhances nutrient conservation in tropical rain forest, particularly in ecosystems growing on nutrient-poor, heavily leached soils (Jordan & Herrera 1981, Cuevas & Medina 1988). In these root mats, it is the fine unsuberized roots that are primarily responsible for the retention of nutrients (Edwards & Grubb 1982, Gower 1987, Berish & Ewe1 1988). The level of development of these fine root mats has been found to be very variable within the tropics, with the biomass of roots <5-mm diameter in the top 40 cm of soil ranging from 1.1 t/ha to 123.4 t/ha (Sanford 1985, Gower 1987, Cavelier 1992).
According to the source-sink theory of resource allocation, based on theorem three of Bloom et al. (1985), trees growing on infertile sites should allocate a greater proportion of their resources into fine root production than those growing on fertile sites, as this “investment” in nutrient acquisition should increase growth and/or reproduction. Vitousek and Sanford (1 986) found that the available data suggested that the biomass of functionally active roots was substantially greater on infertile sites. Soil nitrogen has been suggested as the major factor governing belowground carbon allocation in temperate forest ecosystems
(Grier et al. 1981, Aber et al. 1985, Nadelhoffer et al. 1985); however, there is conflicting evidence of the role nitrogen plays in influencing fine root biomass in tropical rain forest. A nutrient amendment study in a tropical rain forest in Hawaii found that nitrogen addition resulted in a significant reduction in fine root biomass (Gower & Vitousek 1989). In contrast, the availability of nitrogen was not a significant factor influencing fine root biomass at two sites in Costa Rica (Gower 1987). At these sites, the availabilities of phosphorus and calcium were suggested to be the major factors influencing fine root biomass (Gower 1987). The aims of this study were to document the variation in fine root biomass in soils of differing fertility and to investigate the relationship between fine root biomass and soil nitrogen and available phosphorus in north Queensland tropical rain forests.
Wiley-Blackwell
2000-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/180/1/Congdon_3.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00460.x
Maycock, Colin R., and Congdon, Robert A. (2000) Fine root biomass and soil N and P in north Queensland rain forests. Biotropica, 32 (1). pp. 185-190.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/180/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:181
2024-02-27T15:13:19Z
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Soil temperature and depth of legume germination during early and late dry season fires in a tropical eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia
Williams, P.R.
Congdon, Robert A.
Grice, A.C.
Clarke, P.J.
Temperatures that significantly increase seed germination of some tropical legumes (i.e. 80-100°C) were documented in the topsoil during the passage of early (May) and late (October) dry season fires in a tropical eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia. Elevated temperatures penetrated at least 30 mm into the soil during the higher-intensity, late dry season fires, but were only detected at 10 mm during the early dry season fires. The depth from which germination of two native legume forbs Galactia tenuiflora and Indigofera hirsuta occurred was positively related to the temperature elevation in the topsoil and was greater after late compared with early dry season fires. A broader range in germination depth, resulting in higher seedling densities, was recorded for I hirsuta after late dry season fires. These results suggest that seedling emergence of native leguminous forbs is likely to occur at a greater density after late rather than early dry season fires in tropical eucalypt savannas of north-eastern Australia. Therefore, the season of burning, as a result of its relationship to fire intensity, can influence species composition through its effect on seed germination.
Wiley-Blackwell
2004-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/181/1/Congdon_7.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01343.x
Williams, P.R., Congdon, Robert A., Grice, A.C., and Clarke, P.J. (2004) Soil temperature and depth of legume germination during early and late dry season fires in a tropical eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology, 29 (3). pp. 258-263.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/181/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:190
2024-02-27T15:13:27Z
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Fire-related cues break seed dormancy of six legumes of tropical eucalypt savannas in north-eastern Australia
Williams, Paul R.
Congdon, Robert A.
Grice, Anthony C.
Clarke, Peter J.
This paper describes an assessment of the effect of exposure to fire-related cues (heat shock, smoke and nitrate) and the interactions between the cues on seed dormancy release of tropical savanna legumes in north-eastern Australia. Ten legume species were tested, comprising both native and exotic species. The ten species responded variously to the treatments. Brief exposure to temperatures between 80 and 100°C was found to break the seed dormancy of the native ephemeral herbs Chamaecrista mimosoides, Crotalaria calycina, Crotalaria montana, Indigofera hirsuta and Tephrosia juncea, as well as the exotic ephemeral herb Crotalaria lanceolata. Exposure to 80°C combined with treatment with a nitrate solution produced an additive effect on the germination of Chamaecrista mimosoides and Crotalaria lanceolata. However, the four species with the heaviest seeds, two exotic ephemeral herbs (Chamaecrista absus and Crotalaria pallida) and two native perennials (Galactia tenuiflora and Glycine tomentella) displayed no significant increase in germination with exposure to fire-related cues. Exposure to 120°C for 5 min produced seed mortality in all species tested. Two of the largest seeded species, Crotalaria pallida and Galactia tenuiflora, displayed the lowest tolerance to heat shock, with seed mortality after exposure to 100°C for 5 min. These data indicate that fire can promote the germination of some tropical savanna legumes. As a proportion of seeds of each species displayed no innate dormancy, some germination may occur in the absence of fire, especially of exotic species.
Wiley
2003-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/190/1/Congdon_4.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01307.x
Williams, Paul R., Congdon, Robert A., Grice, Anthony C., and Clarke, Peter J. (2003) Fire-related cues break seed dormancy of six legumes of tropical eucalypt savannas in north-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology, 28 (5). pp. 507-514.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/190/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:191
2024-02-27T15:13:30Z
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Effect of fire regime on plant abundance in a tropical eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia
Williams, Paul R.
Congdon, Robert A.
Grice, Anthony C.
Clarke, Peter J.
Changes in plant abundance within a eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia were studied using a manipulative fire experiment. Three fire regimes were compared between 1997 and 2001: (i) control, savanna burnt in the mid-dry season (July) 1997 only; (ii) early burnt, savanna burnt in the mid-dry season 1997 and early dry season (May) 1999; and (iii) late burnt, savanna burnt in the mid-dry season 1997 and late dry season (October) 1999. Five annual surveys of permanent plots detected stability in the abundance of most species, irrespective of fire regime. However, a significant increase in the abundance of several subshrubs, ephemeral and twining perennial forbs, and grasses occurred in the first year after fire, particularly after late dry season fires. The abundance of these species declined toward prefire levels in the second year after fire. The dominant grass Heteropogon triticeus significantly declined in abundance with fire intervals of 4 years. The density of trees (>2 m tall) significantly increased in the absence of fire for 4 years, because of the growth of saplings; and the basal area of the dominant tree Corymbia clarksoniana significantly increased over the 5-year study, irrespective of fire regime. Conservation management of these savannas will need to balance the role of regular fires in maintaining the diversity of herbaceous species with the requirement of fire intervals of at least 4-years for allowing the growth of saplings >2 m in height. Whereas late dry season fires may cause some tree mortality, the use of occasional late fires may help maintain sustainable populations of many grasses and forbs.
Wiley
2003-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/191/1/Congdon_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01292.x
Williams, Paul R., Congdon, Robert A., Grice, Anthony C., and Clarke, Peter J. (2003) Effect of fire regime on plant abundance in a tropical eucalypt savanna of north-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology, 28 (3). pp. 327-338.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/191/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:192
2019-08-02T17:00:33Z
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Optimising Nutrition for Productive and Sustainable Farm Forestry Systems: pasture legumes under shade
Congdon, Bob
Addison, Heath
With the closure of North Queensland rainforests to logging following World Heritage Listing, timber plantations are being established on degraded and other agricultural land. Experimental evidence indicates that current fertiliser regimes produce suboptimal growth in many species, particularly on the less fertile soils. Further there is public concern about the possibility of fertilisers in agricultural runoff having adverse effects on the downstream environment. Added to this, fertilisers are a significant economic cost to the landowner that affects returns from farm forestry enterprises.
Significant acceptance of tree plantation-pasture systems has been impeded by the belief that
productive pasture cannot be maintained under tree canopies. The benefits of raising livestock in
conjunction with tree plantations include increased and diversified income, better use of land
resources, soil stabilisation, and the potential for higher plantation crop yield through better weed
control, nutrient cycling and nitrogen accretion. This project identified a suite of pasture legumes that
can be used to improve pasture quality in agroforestry systems under differing rainfall regimes in the
tropics. Nitrogen fixed by these legumes is also likely to benefit tree growth.
The major thrust of the research was to identify pasture legume species which are able to tolerate
different levels of shading under tree plantations in the Australian tropics - providing improved
forage quality and productivity for grazing in agroforestry situations, and improving soil fertility and
reducing fertiliser costs through nitrogen fixation. The benefits to tree growers include enhanced tree
growth, weed suppression (reduced costs for herbicides), and reduced erosion on steep or degraded
sites (due to mixed ground cover).
A total of 35 species and cultivars of tropical pasture legumes were tested for shade tolerance beneath
four levels of shade under shadehouse conditions. A range of agronomic and ecophysiological
parameters were measured, including biomass production, root:shoot ratio, root nodulation, foliar
nutrient content, time to flowering, seed production, and light response curves.
Above- and below-ground biomass were both depressed by shading, although species were affected
to different degrees. The most promising species tended to yield well under the control treatment and
also beneath shade treatments, indicating they may also be suitable for use beneath young plantations
where shade levels are relatively low, in addition to older, more heavily shaded plantations. Root
nodulation was greatly decreased or entirely absent beneath shaded treatments, implying that fixation
of atmospheric nitrogen may be lower under shade than open conditions, however fertilization of
pots in this trial was a complicating factor. The concentration of leaf N was affected by shading, with
increased concentrations found under shade treatments compared to the control. However no similar
changes were discernible in leaf P. Vegetative growth appears to be prolonged in many species by
shading, with the time taken to the production of the first flower often increased in plants grown
under shade. The yield of seeds was greatly reduced under shade, however seed size appears to have
been maintained at the expense of seed number. The seed of several species had an increased fraction
of readily germinable seed, speed of seed germination and lower levels of hard seed when grown
under shade. Light response curves were not always correlated with the results for dry matter
production, with several species that appear to be shade tolerant when viewing dry matter production
and relative yields, producing light curves that suggest otherwise.
Growth and performance of 15 species/cultivars were also examined under Khaya senegalensis and
Eucalyptus pellita / mixed rainforest species plantations. Arachis pintoi was clearly the best
performing of six species/accessions of legume tested beneath a five-year-old Eucalyptus pellita /
mixed rainforest species plantation. Clitoria ternatea and Centrosema brasilianum proved to be the
best performing species beneath both a conventional stand and a Nelder wheel comprised of Khaya
senegalensis, however legume growth beneath trees was depressed compared to growth in more open
conditions. The production of pasture decreased exponentially with increasing tree density beneath
the Nelder wheel plantation. Both Clitoria ternatea and Centrosema brasilianum were observed to
climb trees during the trial, highlighting the potential smothering of young or small trees by vigorous
climbing species. Due to this, sowing of either species is not recommended in very young
plantations, or if they are, then additional management will be required to control climbers. Trees
were also found to decrease soil moisture content as planting density increased, suggesting light may
not always be the only limiting factor to pasture production beneath trees in seasonally dry areas,
which comprise much of the Australian tropical region.
This study identified 16 species of potentially useful, shade-tolerant, pasture legume species that
show promise for use under trees in farm forestry situations in both the wet and the seasonally dry
tropics. The most promising species for the wet tropics were Desmodium intortum, Calopogonium
mucunoides, Arachis pintoi, D. ovalifolium, D. canum, Centrosema acutifolium, Pueraria
phaseoloides, D. heterophyllum, C. pubescens, D. uncinatum and C. macrocarpum. Clitoria ternatea,
Arachis stenosperma, Macroptilium lathyroides, M. atropurpureum and Centrosema brasilianum
were the most successful of the species suited for seasonally dry tropical regions.
However, many of the species identified as shade tolerant, or being relatively productive under
shaded conditions, have a climbing/twining habit that can cause concern in tree plantations,
particularly in respect to potential smothering of small trees. When the climbing species are removed
the remaining species recommended for the wet tropics are D. intortum, A. pintoi, D. ovalifolium, D.
canum, D. heterophyllum and D. uncinatum, while A. stenosperma shows potential for the seasonally
dry tropics. Nevertheless climbing species may still be useful beneath older plantations, or where a
higher level of pasture management is acceptable in order to help prevent smothering of trees through
controlling the frequency and intensity of grazing.
Further research should examine the possibility of controlling climbing legumes in tree plantations
through grazing management in order to broaden the range of legume species available for use.
Research is also required to examine the longer-term persistence and productivity of the species
identified in this study, as tree plantations age and shade levels increase. Compatibility with shade
tolerant grasses is an important aspect of pasture production beneath tree plantations, which has seen
relatively little research and will have an important effect upon the persistence and productivity of
both the grass and legume components of the pasture.
Rural and Industries Research Development Corporation
2003
Report
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/192/1/Congdon_%282003%29_-_RIRDC_report.pdf
https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/items/03-113
Congdon, Bob, and Addison, Heath (2003) Optimising Nutrition for Productive and Sustainable Farm Forestry Systems: pasture legumes under shade. Report. Rural and Industries Research Development Corporation, Barton, ACT, Australia.
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Actin filament organization in aligned prefusion myoblasts
Swailes, Nathan T.
Knight, Peter J.
Peckham, Michelle
The organization of the actin cytoskeleton in prefusion aligning myoblasts is likely to be important for their shape and interaction. We investigated actin filament organization and polarity by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in these cells. About 84% of the filaments counted were either found in a subplasmalemma sheet up to 0.5um thick that was aligned with the long axis of the cell, or in protrusions. The remaining filaments were found in the cytoplasm, where they were randomly orientated and not organized into bundles. The polarity of the subplasmalemma filaments changed progressively from one end of the cell to the other. At the ends of the cells and in protrusions, the majority of filaments were organized such that their barbed ends faced the tip of the protrusion. We did not find any actin filament bundles or stress fibres in these cells. Time-lapse phase microscopy demonstrated that aligned cells were still actively migrating at the time of our TEM observations, and their direction of movement was restricted to the long axis of the cell group. The ability of these cells to locomote actively in the absence of actin filament bundles suggests that in these cells the subplasmalemma actin sheet contributes not only to cell shape but also to cell locomotion.
Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2004-11
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/204/1/Swailes_et_al_Journal_of_Anatomy.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00341.x
Swailes, Nathan T., Knight, Peter J., and Peckham, Michelle (2004) Actin filament organization in aligned prefusion myoblasts. Journal of Anatomy, 205 (5). pp. 381-391.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/204/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:217
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To join the international tax cartel or not? How should Asia respond to the OECD's harmful tax regimes project?
Dabner, Justin
Currently, there is an international trend towards a lowering of effective tax rates. Low tax regimes have been driven by globalisation as countries have become more aggressive in competing for foreign investment. Often, countries resort to providing tax concessions that might encourage such investment. Multinationals and wealthy individuals can take advantage of these regimes to reduce the tax they would otherwise pay in their country of residence. This has threatened the revenue base of the high spending developed nations.
International bodies representing the developed nations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and International Monetary Fund, have responded with projects to rid the world of so-called harmful tax practices. The OECD’s project has implications for all Asian nations but, in particular, Hong Kong and Singapore. Nevertheless, so far Asia has been sidelined by the project. However, the evidence would suggest that for the OECD to succeed, it must now turn its attention towards Asia.
What might be the appropriate response for Asia? Should it embrace the demands of the Western developed nations and adopt compliant regimes or compete with these nations through its tax regimes? Another option might be to seek to harmonise tax regimes within the region to the extent of establishing a regional protocol on unacceptable tax practices and to present as a regional block. The appropriate response is both a vexed and significant question.
Thomson Brookers
2005-09
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/217/3/Dabner-JCU.pdf
https://www.thomsonreuters.co.nz/catalogue/new-zealand-journal-taxation-law-and-policy/
Dabner, Justin (2005) To join the international tax cartel or not? How should Asia respond to the OECD's harmful tax regimes project? New Zealand Journal of Taxation Law and Policy, 11 (3). pp. 299-313.
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There are too many witchdoctors in our tax courts: is there a better way?
Dabner, Justin
The traditional methodology employed by the judiciary in tax cases leads to narrow definitional debates abstracted from a consideration of policy and principle. With each new case we expect a resolution of fundamental issues and some clarity. But this is rarely achieved and the uncertainty and ambiguity associated with our tax laws compounds. We need to depart from the traditional methodology and embrace an approach in which the judiciary expressly acknowledges policy considerations when deciding hard tax cases. Thus our legal witchdoctors need to embrace a new methodology. Such an approach can be demonstrated by reference to recent general anti-avoidance cases.
Bond University
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/218/3/218_Dabner_2005.pdf
http://epublications.bond.edu.au/rlj/vol15/iss1/3/
Dabner, Justin (2005) There are too many witchdoctors in our tax courts: is there a better way? Revenue Law Journal, 15 (1). pp. 36-49.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/218/
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Regime change: not as easy as it looks. The legacy of the OECD's harmful tax practices initiative: implications for Australia and Vanuatu
Dabner, Justin
In 1998 the OECD issued a report announcing a project to rid the World of harmful tax practices. Targeted were preferential tax regimes that permitted residents of foreign countries to escape their home country tax obligations. The project was premised on fairness and morality, namely that those who enjoy the benefits of a welfare state should make a fair contribution to its maintenance.
From the outset the process adopted by the OECD was authoritarian and threatening. Particularly divisive was its differentiation between member and non-member states. Those in the latter category with preferential tax regimes were labelled tax havens and the real focus of the project soon appeared to be directed at these countries.
The tax havens’ primary response was to point to the inequity in the absence of a level playing field arising from the intransigence of a number of OECD states and other developed nations to removing their preferential tax regimes. Faced with opposition, particularly from the United States, the OECD’s project evolved to focus on the need for tax regime transparency and international information exchange agreements.
This placed the project in accord with a number of other international initiatives directed to similar ends. Faced with overwhelming international pressure all but five of the tax havens have committed to co-operate. Notwithstanding that these commitments are premised on a level playing field, and whether this can be achieved is problematic, it may nevertheless be in the interests of the tax havens to take the initiative and embrace the principles of transparency and information exchange on their terms.
Such terms might ensure a proper balance between the rights of nations and of taxpayers. Furthermore, in the negotiation of information exchange agreements the commercial value of the information sought by the developed nations should be recognised by both parties. The application of these propositions can be illustrated by reference to the relationship between Australia and the tax haven Vanuatu.
There is a long way to go but there is every possibility that a project, whose process spurred recriminations and emotional rhetoric, might yet lead to a result that promotes the principles of morality and fairness for all parties concerned.
Taxation Institute of Hong Kong
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/219/1/Dabner_3.pdf
http://www.af.polyu.edu.hk/about_journal_apjt_p8.html#v4
Dabner, Justin (2004) Regime change: not as easy as it looks. The legacy of the OECD's harmful tax practices initiative: implications for Australia and Vanuatu. Asia-Pacific Journal of Taxation, 8 (4). pp. 70-97.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/219/
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Locational considerations in attracting multinational corporate regional headquarters: the relevance and role of tax law and tax incentives
Dabner, Justin
The last decade has witnessed an intensification in the global competition for foreign investment. In particular, both developed and developing nations alike have sought to attract investment by multinational companies in high level service operations. Increasingly these nations have turned to tax policy with a view to enhancing their attractiveness as a destination.
The competition to attract Southeast Asian regional headquarters of multinational corporations is a case in point. This competition has been stimulated by the perception that the market leader, Hong Kong, is losing its lustre. This was certainly the dominant view leading up to 1997.
In an effort to improve their competitive position many Southeast Asian nations have enacted tax concessions targeted at regional headquarters. Undoubtedly Singapore has been the most proactive nation in this regard although Malaysia, the Philippines, China, Thailand, Taiwan and Australia have also enacted regional headquarters tax incentives to some degree.
Whilst Singapore's success in attracting regional headquarters may appear a compelling case for these incentives there is evidence to suggest that other factors dominate the locational decision namely:
• geographical location and proximity to markets,
• political stability,
• quality of infrastructure,
• availability of skilled labour, and
• pre-existing operations.
Tax would appear to be simply viewed as a cost by multinationals and, although relevant, is not decisive except possibly at the margin. That is, all else being equal then the tax regime of a country may be determinative in a negative sense. Most significantly, however, research has identified that tax concessions cannot compensate for critical deficiencies in the other determinants.
These conclusions should be of particular interest to policymakers in developing Asian nations considering introducing or extending tax incentives to attract foreign direct investment. Of course the analysis is restricted to the influence of tax incentives on one particular type of foreign investment. Nevertheless the findings underscore the need for careful consideration of the costs and benefits of such measures before implementing them.
This is not to deny fiscal policy any role in encouraging investment in a developing nation. However in lieu of legislative tax incentives or negotiating special confidential deals a moderate tax regime that is both clear and non-discriminatory in its application may best serve to foster a positive environment for both domestic and foreign investment.
Taxation Institute of Hong Kong
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/221/1/221_Dabner_2004.pdf
http://www.af.polyu.edu.hk/about_journal_apjt_p8.html#v2
Dabner, Justin (2004) Locational considerations in attracting multinational corporate regional headquarters: the relevance and role of tax law and tax incentives. Asia - Pacific Journal of Taxation, 8 (2). pp. 68-78.
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Water and nutrient cycling processes
Nelson, Paul
Roth, Christian
In this chapter, we review what we currently understand of the processes by which water and nutrients are captured, stored, cycled and lost from the landscape. Much of the discussion focuses on soils, because they hold the most important stores of water and nutrients. Impacts of grazing land management are discussed. Although management usually aims at changing vegetation or animal characteristics and productivity, most management practices have important consequences for the underlying processes of water and nutrient cycling. This chapter focuses on processes that occur at the paddock to property scale. Surface water bodies, which are an integral part of water and nutrient cycling processes within the landscape, are described in Chapter 6, while Chapter 8 focuses on current knowledge of the catchment processes that determine export of nutrients, salts, soil and water from the system.
Tropical Savannas CRC
McCullough, Marnie
Musso, Barbara
2004
Report
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/222/1/NelsonRoth2004.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/222/2/NelsonRoth2004_References.pdf
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Nelson, Paul, and Roth, Christian (2004) Water and nutrient cycling processes. Report Section. Tropical Savannas CRC, Darwin, , NT, Australia.
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Soil organic matter
Baldock, J.A.
Nelson, P.N.
Research pertaining to the organic fraction of soils can be traced back in excess of 200 years. Achard (1786) isolated a dark amorphous precipitate upon acidification of an alkaline extract from peat. The effect of organic matter on soil N fertility (Liebig, 1840), and studies on the use of animal manures for maintaining soil fertility (Lawes, 1861) and the influence of soil and tree species on the development of humus form (Muller, 1887) demonstrated the importance of organic matter in soil processes. The advancement of organic chemical methodologies and confirmation of the presence of various chemical structures in soil organic matter, lead to theories that soil organic matter was composed of a heterogeneous mixture of dominantly colloidal organic substances containing acidic functional groups and N. More recently, the polyphenol theory was proposed in which quinone structures of lignin and microbial origin polymerize in the presence of N containing groups (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) to produce nitrogenous polymers (Flaig et al., 1975). The early research pertaining to soil organic matter has been reviewed by Stevenson (1994). While alkaline extraction of soil organic matter is still practiced, modern analytical techniques, including solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GCMS) allow selective probing of the chemistry of soil organic matter within samples of whole soil, and avoid the problems of incomplete extraction, lack of biological significance, and artefact synthesis often ascribed to alkaline extraction procedures. The combination of these techniques with novel approaches capable of identifying biologically important fractions of soil organic matter has significantly advanced our knowledge of the organic fraction of soils and its dynamics over the last 20 years.
Despite such a long history of research and new methodological and technological advancements, many questions related to the genesis and chemical composition of organic materials in soils and their impacts on soil fertility, soil pedogenesis, and soil physical and chemical properties persist today. Many excellent texts and review papers have been written on the topic of soil organic matter; some of the more recent of these are given in Table 2.1.
An examination of terms used to describe soil organic matter and its components in the literature revealed a lack of precise definitions of what soil organic matter and its various fractions represent. Such a problem exists because of the heterogeneity of organic material found in soil in terms of its source, chemical and physical composition, diversity of function, and dynamic, ever-changing character. The term soil organic matter has been used to encompass all organic materials found in soil (Stevenson, 1994), excluding charcoal (Oades, 1988), or excluding non-decayed plant and animal tissues, their partial decomposition products, and the living soil biomass (McCarthy et al., 1990b). As suggested by McCarthy et al. (1990b), it is most important that readers establish how particular authors apply the various terms to fully understand and assess the implications of comments made. However, it is also important that a set of definitions for soil organic matter and its components is derived and applied consistently. The definitions of soil organic matter and its components to be utilized in this chapter (Table 2.2) have been derived Baldock and Nelson, SOM Chapter from several sources (Oades, 1988; McCarthy et al., 1990b; Stevenson, 1994) and are put forward in an effort to reduce existing variations in the use of the terms.
CRC Press
Sumner, Malcolm E.
2000
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/223/1/Baldock%26Nelson2000.pdf
image/jpeg
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/223/2/223_baldock_%26_Nelson_2000_Book_cover.jpg
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849331367;jsessionid=umBoCS-ZVRcwsf5bupm2Qg**
Baldock, J.A., and Nelson, P.N. (2000) Soil organic matter. In: Sumner, Malcolm E., (ed.) Handbook of Soil Science. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, B25-B84.
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Organic matter, sodicity and soil structure
Nelson, P.N.
Oades, J.M.
Sodicity is generally associated with poor soil structure
while, on the other hand, organic matter is generally
associated with good soil structure. Although there is a
large body of literature on the effects of organic matter
and sodicity on structure individually, the interactions
between organic matter and sodicity are much less well
understood (Emerson, 1983; Emersonet al., 1986; Mullins
et al., 1990; Churchman et at., 1993). In this chapter, the
term structure will be defined (Section 4.2), followed by a
brief discussion of the nature of soil organic matter and
how it influences structure (Section 4.3). The effect of
sodicity on soil structure is discussed in Chapters 5 and 6
and will not be further discussed here. Interactions between
organic matter, sodicity, and soil structure will then
be examined (Sections 4.4, 4.5, 4.6), and in the final
Section (4.7), biological amelioration of sodic soils will
be discussed.
Oxford University Press
Sumner, M.E.
Naidu, R.
1998
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
image/jpeg
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/224/1/224_Nelson_%26_Oales_1998_front_cover.JPG
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/224/2/224_Nelson_%26_Oades_1998.pdf
Nelson, P.N., and Oades, J.M. (1998) Organic matter, sodicity and soil structure. In: Sumner, M.E., and Naidu, R., (eds.) Sodic soils: distribution, properties, management and environmental consequences. Topics in Sustainable Agronomy . Oxford University Press, New York, USA, pp. 51-75.
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Exploring the response of sugar cane to sodic and saline conditions through natural variation in the field
Nelson, P.N.
Ham, G.J.
Soil sodicity and salinity are known to reduce yields of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), but little quantitative information is available. The aim of this study was to determine the response of irrigated sugarcane to sodic and saline conditions, using natural variations in the field. Sixteen sites, in which sodicity and salinity varied within a field, were selected in the Burdekin district (1930’S, 14720’E) of Queensland, Australia. The soils were clay loams to clays, with neutral to alkaline pH. At each site, a 3-row (4.5 m) wide strip of cane that cut across variable areas was identified. The strips were between 150 and 600 m long, and cane yield was measured in selected sections, each 20 to 30 m long. Soils were analysed for solution chemistry, exchangeable cations, nutrients, organic C and particle size distribution. Cane yield (fresh weight) varied from 1 to 252 Mg ha-1. Soil electrical conductivity (EC1:5) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), weighted for depth using root mass distribution data, together accounted for 79.5% of the variation in yield over all sites. Only 7.1% of the variation in yield was accounted for by site-related factors, including crop variety and class (plant crop or ratoons). Sodicity- and salinity-related parameters (EC1:5, electromagnetic induction meter [Geonics EM38] readings, exchangeable Na content, and ESP) were highly correlated. Over all sites, EC1:5 at 0-0.125 m depth varied from 0.04 to 0.77 dS m-1 (mean 0.21 dS m-1) and at 0.5-0.625 m depth varied from 0.03 to 1.50 dS m-1 (mean 0.50 dS m-1). ESP at 0-0.125 m depth varied from 1.3 to 75.4% (mean 13.4%) and at 0.5-0.625 m depth varied from 1.7 to 78.7% (mean 29.3%). The clear indication obtained of the dominant soil properties limiting yield showed the value of the experimental approach, using natural variability in the field.
Elsevier
2000-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/225/1/225_Nelson_%26_Ham_2000.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00077-0
Nelson, P.N., and Ham, G.J. (2000) Exploring the response of sugar cane to sodic and saline conditions through natural variation in the field. Field Crops Research, 66 (3). pp. 245-255.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/225/
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Structural stability of sodic soils in sugarcane production as influenced by gypsum and molasses
Suriadi, A.
Murray, R.S.
Grant, C.D.
Nelson, P.N.
The aim of this work was to determine whether molasses, a by-product of sugar manufacture, alone or combined with gypsum, could improve the structural stability of sodic soils used for sugarcane production. A Burdekin sandy clay loam with an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 7.9, and a Proserpine loamy sand with an ESP of 18.8 were incubated with molasses (0 and 10 t/ha) and gypsum (0 and 10 t/ha) for 12 weeks, during which time they were leached 5 times with water (0.5 pore volumes each time). In the Burdekin soil, molasses and gypsum, either alone or combined, decreased spontaneous clay dispersion from 2.6 to <0.2 g/kg soil. Mechanical dispersion was reduced from 21.2 to <0.2 g/kg soil by gypsum alone, and to 14.9 g/kg soil by molasses alone. Molasses and gypsum both increased wet aggregate stability, with the combined effect being greatest; the proportion of aggregates >250 μm was 31% in the control and 71% with molasses + gypsum. Electrical conductivity (EC 1:5) was 0.1 and 1.9 dS/m, pH1:5 in water was 7.7 and 7.1, and ESP was 4.1 and 0.2 in the control and molasses + gypsum treatments respectively. In the Proserpine soil, the amounts of dispersible clay were much less than in the Burdekin soil. The effects of molasses and gypsum in decreasing spontaneous and mechanical clay dispersion were similar to those in the Burdekin soil, but less pronounced. Molasses and gypsum, either alone or combined, improved the structural stability of both soils by decreasing dispersion and/or slaking. An implication of this work is that molasses may be a useful ameliorant for sodic soils, either alone or combined with gypsum.
CSIRO Publishing
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/226/1/226_Suriadi_et_al_2000.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EA00113
Suriadi, A., Murray, R.S., Grant, C.D., and Nelson, P.N. (2002) Structural stability of sodic soils in sugarcane production as influenced by gypsum and molasses. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 42 (3). pp. 315-322.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/226/
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Estimating the molecular composition of a diverse range of natural organic materials from solid-state 13C NMR and elemental analyses
Nelson, Paul N.
Baldock, Jeffrey A.
Most techniques for determining the chemical nature of natural organic matter in soil, sediment and water require prior extraction or concentration steps that are not quantitative and that create artifacts. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis can avoid these problems, but it gives little information at the scale of molecules. Here we show that the molecular composition of a diverse range of natural organic materials could be inferred from 13C NMR analysis combined with C and N analysis. Forty-six different organic materials including undecomposed and decomposed plant materials, soil organic matter, phytoplankton, and the organic matter found in freshwater, estuarine and marine sediments were examined. A mixing model simultaneously solved a series of equations to estimate the content of four biomolecule components representing the organic materials produced in greatest abundance by plants and other organisms (carbohydrate, protein, lignin and aliphatic material) and two additional components (char and pure carbonyl). Based on defined molecular structures for each component, signal intensities for 13C NMR spectra were predicted and compared with measured values. The sum of the absolute differences in signal intensity between the measured and predicted spectral regions was <7% for the terrestrial materials. For aquatic materials the fit of the predicted to measured signal intensities was not as good. Predicted molecular compositions correlated well with independent analyses of cellulose, protein and lignin contents of plant samples and char contents of soil samples. Across all samples, carbohydrates accounted for 10-76% of the sample C (40-76% in plants and 10-42% in soils, sediments and phytoplankton), protein for 2-80% (21-80% in phytoplankton and marine water column samples and 2-36% in plants, soils and sediments), lignin for 0-36%, aliphatic materials for 2-44%, char for 0-38% and carbonyl for 0-22%. For the soils, sediments and decomposed plant materials, the close correspondence between actual signal intensities and those predicted using known biomolecular components, suggested that either ‘humic’ structures can be approximated by mixtures of common biologically derived molecules or that humic structures did not exist in significant amounts.
Springer
2005-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/227/1/227_Nelson_and_Baldock_2005.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-0076-3
Nelson, Paul N., and Baldock, Jeffrey A. (2005) Estimating the molecular composition of a diverse range of natural organic materials from solid-state 13C NMR and elemental analyses. Biogeochemistry, 72 (1). pp. 1-34.
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2023-09-01T19:30:12Z
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PLaY+SPaCE: an ultrasonic gestural MIDI controller
Campbell, Steven J
PLaY+SPaCE is an ultrasonic gestural MIDI control system used to detect positions of people moving within a 100sqm sensing space. Eight ultrasonic sensors form the basis of the system, data from the sensors relayed to a proprietary hardware interface, then on to a range of software modules designed in MAX/MSP. Within the software incoming MIDI data is mapped to trigger sound events (samples, sequences and synthesis parameters) as well as mapped to control audio spatialisation, video and lighting events. This paper provides a broad overview of the system, problems encountered in its development and broad descriptions of trialled applications of the system.
Australasian Computer Music Association
2005
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/234/2/234_Campbell_2005.pdf
Campbell, Steven J (2005) PLaY+SPaCE: an ultrasonic gestural MIDI controller. In: Proceedings of Australasian Computer Music Conference. pp. 43-49. From: Generate + Test. Proceedings of the Australasian Computer, 12-14 July 2005, Brisbane, Australia.
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Data structures and algorithms to support interactive spatial analysis using dynamic voronoi diagrams
Gahegan, M.
Lee, I.
To support the need for interactive spatial analysis, it is often necessary to rethink the data structures and algorithms underpinning applications. This paper describes the development of an interactive environment in which a number of different Voronoi models of space can be manipulated together in real time to: (1) study their behaviour; (2) select appropriate models for specific analysis tasks; and (3) to examine how choice of one model over another will affect the interpretation of data. The paper studies six specific Voronoi diagram variants: the Ordinary Voronoi Diagram, the Farthest-point Voronoi Diagram, the Order-k Voronoi Diagram, the Ordered Order-k Voronoi Diagram, the kth Nearest-point Voronoi Diagram and the Multiplicatively Weighted Voronoi Diagram, and develops algorithms and data structures to store, rebuild and query these variants. From this, a generalised Voronoi data structure is proposed, from which specific Voronoi variants can be reconstructed dynamically as required. Algorithms for diagram reconstruction and for querying neighbourhood (topology or adjacency relations) of generator points and Voronoi regions are presented. An application program, developed on these ideas, is used to generate example results as proof of concept. It may be downloaded from a supporting website.
Pergamon
2000-11-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/236/1/gahegan_lee.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(00)00007-7
Gahegan, M., and Lee, I. (2000) Data structures and algorithms to support interactive spatial analysis using dynamic voronoi diagrams. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 24 (6). pp. 509-537.
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2024-02-27T15:13:32Z
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Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) in trinuclear and tetranuclear complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium
D'Alessandro, Deanna M.
Keene, F. Richard
Electron and energy transfer are ubiquitous in biological, chemical, and physical processes, which has led to extensive multidisciplinary research efforts to elucidate the factors influencing mechanistic pathways. Of considerable importance in these studies have been investigations of intramolecular electron and energy transfer within polymetallic assemblies as a result of the diversity (coordination number, ligand environment, stereochemistry, and redox characteristics) provided by the metal centers in such structures.
Because of their multicomponent nature, these structures have considerable design potential to exploit the cooperation between the metals and/or other redox-active centers. Novel photochemical molecular devices (PMDs) may be constructed which are capable of performing useful light- and redox-induced functionsincluding artificial photosynthesis and photoinduced energy- and electron-transfer processes in light-harvesting “antenna” systems. Metallosupramolecular assemblies have also been designed to mimic the photoinduced charge separation function in photosynthetic organisms, in an attempt to elucidate the complex electron- and energy-transfer mechanisms which occur in natural systems. The possibility of multiple electron transferby absorption of several photons by linked chromophores, or the design of systems which generate more than one electron upon absorption of one photonhas significant implications in catalytic schemes, as well as understanding long-range electron transfer in biological systems, and the conductivity of “molecular wires”. In molecules involving delocalized unpaired electrons, polarizability may be present so that the species exhibit interesting nonlinear optical or magnetic properties.
Polypyridyl complexes of the d^6 metals Fe^II, Ru^II, and OsII have attracted particular attention as the basis of these assemblies due to a combination of favorable photophysical and redox characteristics, the longevity of their excited states, and their chemical inertness in a variety of oxidation states. An important feature of these complexes is the capability of systematic variation of the ground- and excited-state properties by the judicious choice of the coordinating ligands.
American Chemical Society
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/237/1/d%27alessandro_keene_4.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr050010o
D'Alessandro, Deanna M., and Keene, F. Richard (2006) Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) in trinuclear and tetranuclear complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium. Chemical Reviews, 106 (6). pp. 2270-2298.
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Current trends and future challenges in the experimental, theoretical and computational analysis of intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions
D'Alessandro, Deanna M.
Keene, F. Richard
Mixed-valence chemistry has a long and rich history which is characterised by a strong interplay of experimental, theoretical and computational studies. The intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions generated in dinuclear mixed-valence species (particularly of ruthenium and osmium) have received considerable attention in this context, as they provide a powerful and sensitive probe of the factors which govern electronic delocalisation and the activation barrier to intramolecular electron transfer. This tutorial review discusses classical, semi-classical and quantum mechanical theoretical treatments which have been developed over the past 35 years for the analysis of IVCT absorption bands. Particular attention is drawn to the applicability of these models for the analysis of mixed-valence complexes which lie between the fully localised (Class II) and delocalised (Class III) limits in the ‘‘localised-to-delocalised’’ (Class II–III) regime. A clear understanding of the complex interplay of inter- and intramolecular factors which influence the IVCT process is crucial for the design of experimental studies to probe the localised-to-delocalised regime and in guidance of the development of appropriate theoretical models.
Royal Society of Chemistry
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/239/3/d%27alessandro_keene_3.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b514590m
D'Alessandro, Deanna M., and Keene, F. Richard (2006) Current trends and future challenges in the experimental, theoretical and computational analysis of intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions. Chemical Society Reviews, 35 (5). pp. 424-440.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/239/
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Manipulating the properties of MLCT excited states
Anderson, Peter A.
Keene, F. Richard
Meyer, Thomas J.
Moss, John A.
Strouse, Geoffrey F.
Treadway, Joseph A.
Systematic variation of the ligand environment has allowed design of the absorbance characteristics of polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium(II) to produce “black absorbers” which absorb throughout the visible region. The presence of acceptor ligands with low-lying Π* levels red shift the energies of the lowest energy MLCT bands, while MLCT and Π→Π* bands originating on other ligands can be used to fill in the higher-energy regions of the spectrum. Incorporation of anionic ligands or other electron-donating ligands causes a red shift in MLCT band energies compared to bpy by manipulation of dΠ energy levels. Attention to these design principles has led to the synthesis of complexes which absorb appreciably in the near IR, and are free from complications caused by thermally accessible dd states. Although their emission energies (and energy gaps) are at low energy in the near IR, the use of lowest lying, delocalised acceptor ligands provides lifetime enhancements (compared to bpy) that can be dramatic.
Royal Society of Chemistry
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/240/1/keene_2.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b206375a
Anderson, Peter A., Keene, F. Richard, Meyer, Thomas J., Moss, John A., Strouse, Geoffrey F., and Treadway, Joseph A. (2002) Manipulating the properties of MLCT excited states. Dalton Transactions, 2002 (20). pp. 3820-3831.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/240/
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2024-02-27T15:13:35Z
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Separation of stereoisomers of dinuclear metal complexes by binding affinity chromatography using non-duplex DNA
Smith, Jayden A.
Keene, F. Richard
Affinity chromatography – using non-duplex DNA as the affinity ligand – has been used as a highly efficient means of separating stereoisomers of dinuclear polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes.
Royal Society of Chemistry
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/241/1/smith_keene_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b603781j
Smith, Jayden A., and Keene, F. Richard (2006) Separation of stereoisomers of dinuclear metal complexes by binding affinity chromatography using non-duplex DNA. Chemical Communications, 2006 (24). pp. 2583-2585.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/241/
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2024-02-28T14:42:05Z
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Function and disability or quality of life? Issues illustrated by the Osteoporosis Functional Disability Questionnaire (OFDQ)
Helmes, Edward
There continues to be a lack of consensus on the meaning and definition of the concept of quality of life. An implicit distinction for many measures of quality of life is from measures of health status based upon the presence of disability in functional domains. A further assumption in many scales is that quality of life is a unitary construct. The Osteoporosis Functional Disability Questionnaire (OFDQ) assessed some domains of function but is not unidimensional. It was developed to evaluate the progress and outcome of a structured exercise program for people with spinal compression fractures due to osteoporosis. The OFDQ assesses five domains relevant to the pain and disability in this population: pain, depression, function in performing common daily activities, socialization, and confidence in the exercise program. Longitudinal data from three cases are used to illustrate the utility of this multidimensional approach in evaluating the outcome of exercise treatment and understanding important aspects of the subjective life of people with osteoporosis.
Springer
2000
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/242/1/242_Helmes_2000.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008930007855
Helmes, Edward (2000) Function and disability or quality of life? Issues illustrated by the Osteoporosis Functional Disability Questionnaire (OFDQ). Quality of Life Research, 9 (Supple). pp. 755-761.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/242/
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2008-10-16T01:17:50Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:257
2024-02-27T15:13:15Z
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The use of lumbar spinal stabilization techniques during the performance of abdominal strengthening exercise variations
Barnett, F.
Gilleard, W.
AIM: The lumbar spinal stabilization techniques in abdominal hollowing and bracing are known to facilitate the level of activity in the muscles transversus abdominis and obliquus internus (TA/OI). The relative timing of activation and the effect of combination with other tasks are currently unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether the performance of abdominal hollowing and bracing could promote the voluntary preferential recruitment of TA/OI muscles when performed prior to abdominal strengthening exercise variations. METHODS: The trunk muscles TA/OI, rectus abdominis and obliquus externus were investigated using surface EMG. A pressure transducer under the lumbar spine detected spinal movement. Eighteen male subjects performed a series of 4 abdominal strengthening exercise variations. Pressure cuff and electromyographic onset times were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: TA/OI muscle site was recruited significantly earlier than the upper rectus abdominis site for the hollow with curl exercise. The TA/OI site was also ranked as first activated site in the majority of subjects during exercises where stabilization techniques of hollowing and bracing were used. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal hollowing was an effective method for selective preferential voluntary recruitment of TA/OI site prior to the performance of the curl type abdominal strengthening exercise variation. The other variations brace with curl and hold and hollow with rotation also tend to recruit TA/OI site first, however the timing was not significantly different.
Edizioni Minerva Medica
2005-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/257/1/barnett_1.pdf
http://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2005N01A0038
Barnett, F., and Gilleard, W. (2005) The use of lumbar spinal stabilization techniques during the performance of abdominal strengthening exercise variations. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45 (1). pp. 38-43.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/257/
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2024-02-27T15:12:42Z
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Simulated power of the discrete Cramér-von Mises goodness-of-fit tests
Steele, M.
Chaseling, J.
Hurst, C.
Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand
Zerger, Andre
Argent, Robert M.
2005-12
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/258/1/steele.pdf
http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim05/papers/steele.pdf
Steele, M., Chaseling, J., and Hurst, C. (2005) Simulated power of the discrete Cramér-von Mises goodness-of-fit tests. In: Proceedings of MODSIM05 - International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. pp. 1300-1304. From: MODSIM05 - International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, 12-15 December 2005, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/258/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:261
2023-01-03T19:41:00Z
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A power study of goodness-of-fit tests for categorical data
Steele, Mike
Chaseling, Janet
Hurst, Cameron
2005
Conference Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/261/1/663.pdf
Steele, Mike, Chaseling, Janet, and Hurst, Cameron (2005) A power study of goodness-of-fit tests for categorical data. In: UNSPECIFIED. From: ISI2005 - 55th Session of the International Statistical Institute (ISI), 5-12 April 2005, Sydney, Australia.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/261/
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2014-02-11T07:48:25Z
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:265
2024-02-28T14:42:07Z
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Novel omega-conotoxins from Conus catus discriminate among neuronal calcium channel subtypes
Lewis, Richard J.
Nielsen, Katherine J.
Craik, David J.
Loughnan, Marion L.
Adams, Denise A.
Sharpe, Iain A.
Luchian, Tudor
Adams, David J.
Bond, Trudy
Thomas, Linda
Jones, Alun
Matheson, Jodi-Lea
Drinkwater, Roger
Andrews, Peter R.
Alewood, Paul F.
omega-Conotoxins selective for N-type calcium channels are useful in the management of severe pain. In an attempt to expand the therapeutic potential of this class, four new omega-conotoxins (CVIA-D) have been discovered in the venom of the piscivorous cone snail, Conus catus, using assay-guided fractionation and gene cloning. Compared with other omega-conotoxins, CVID has a novel loop 4 sequence and the highest selectivity for N-type over P/Q-type calcium channels in radioligand binding assays. CVIA-D also inhibited contractions of electrically stimulated rat vas deferens. In electrophysiological studies, omega-conotoxins CVID and MVIIA had similar potencies to inhibit current through central (alpha(1B-d)) and peripheral (alpha(1B-b)) splice variants of the rat N-type calcium channels when coexpressed with rat beta(3) in Xenopus oocytes. However, the potency of CVID and MVIIA increased when alpha(1B-d) and alpha(1B-b) were expressed in the absence of rat beta(3), an effect most pronounced for CVID at alpha(1B-d) (up to 540-fold) and least pronounced for MVIIA at alpha(1B-d) (3-fold). The novel selectivity of CVID may have therapeutic implications. (1)H NMR studies reveal that CVID possesses a combination of unique structural features, including two hydrogen bonds that stabilize loop 2 and place loop 2 proximal to loop 4, creating a globular surface that is rigid and well defined
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2000-11-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/265/1/thomas_2.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M002252200
Lewis, Richard J., Nielsen, Katherine J., Craik, David J., Loughnan, Marion L., Adams, Denise A., Sharpe, Iain A., Luchian, Tudor, Adams, David J., Bond, Trudy, Thomas, Linda, Jones, Alun, Matheson, Jodi-Lea, Drinkwater, Roger, Andrews, Peter R., and Alewood, Paul F. (2000) Novel omega-conotoxins from Conus catus discriminate among neuronal calcium channel subtypes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275 (45). pp. 35335-35344.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/265/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:266
2024-02-28T14:42:08Z
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Solution structure of mu-conotoxin PIIIA, a preferential inhibitor of persistent tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels
Nielsen, Katherine J.
Watson, Michael
Adams, David J.
Hammarstrom, Anna K.
Gage, Peter W.
Hill, Justine M.
Craik, David J.
Thomas, Linda
Adams, Denise
Alewood, Paul F.
Lewis, Richard J.
Mu-conotoxins are peptide inhibitors of voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs). Synthetic forms of mu-conotoxins PIIIA and PIIIA-(2-22) were found to inhibit tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive VSSC current but had little effect on TTX-resistant VSSC current in sensory ganglion neurons. In rat brain neurons, these peptides preferentially inhibited the persistent over the transient VSSC current. Radioligand binding assays revealed that PIIIA, PIIIA-(2-22), and mu-conotoxins GIIIB discriminated among TTX-sensitive VSSCs in rat brain, that these and GIIIC discriminated among the corresponding VSSCs in human brain, and GIIIA had low affinity for neuronal VSSCs. (1)H NMR studies found that PIIIA adopts two conformations in solution due to cis/trans isomerization at hydroxyproline 8. The major trans conformation results in a three-dimensional structure that is significantly different from the previously identified conformation of mu-conotoxins GIIIA and GIIIB that selectively target TTX-sensitive muscle VSSCs. Comparison of the structures and activity of PIIIA to muscle-selective mu-conotoxins provides an insight into the structural requirements for inhibition of different TTX-sensitive sodium channels by mu-conotoxins
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2002-07-26
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/266/1/thomas_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M201611200
Nielsen, Katherine J., Watson, Michael, Adams, David J., Hammarstrom, Anna K., Gage, Peter W., Hill, Justine M., Craik, David J., Thomas, Linda, Adams, Denise, Alewood, Paul F., and Lewis, Richard J. (2002) Solution structure of mu-conotoxin PIIIA, a preferential inhibitor of persistent tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277 (30). pp. 27247-27255.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/266/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:267
2024-02-28T14:41:53Z
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The menopausal transition and quality of life: methodologic issues
Dennerstein, Lorraine
Helmes, Edward
The methodology in studies of the menopausal transition involves a consideration of social, statistical, and psychometric issues. Social issues are relevant on two levels. One is based upon principles of good practice in research on women and health that have been articulated at the international level. The other social level involves a consideration of the aims of the study and how these aims are implemented in the measures that are used, both for the symptoms of menopause and for the quality of life of the women involved in the research. We review the basic principles and issues related to sampling of population studies, physiological changes, and measurement of quality of life. Three recent measures of quality of life designed for studies of the menopause are then briefly reviewed.
Springer
2000-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/267/1/267_Dennerstein_and_Helmes_2000.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008921806038
Dennerstein, Lorraine, and Helmes, Edward (2000) The menopausal transition and quality of life: methodologic issues. Quality of Life Research, 9. pp. 721-731.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/267/
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2024-02-27T15:13:18Z
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Readiness to adopt a self-management approach to pain: evaluation of the pain stages of change model in a non-pain-clinic sample
Habib, Suzanne
Morrissey, Shirley A.
Helmes, Edward
The Transtheoretical model of stages of behaviour change has stimulated research interest in relation to chronic pain, yet studies using the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ; Pain (72) 1997 227) have reported inconsistent findings and have generally utilized pain-clinic samples. The aims of the current study were to assess the general validity of the PSOCQ with a non-pain-clinic sample of patients with chronic pain, and to examine the utility of the stages of change model as applied to this population. The study employed multi-stage, cluster-sampling methodology, with 90 participants recruited from 19 medical and allied health clinics and practices. The findings demonstrated a number of limitations of the PSOCQ in terms of its ability to classify individuals into specific stages of change. The stages of change model requires adaptation in order to be useful for treatment planning in a non-pain-clinic sample of patients with chronic pain.
Elsevier
2003-07
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/268/1/helmes_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00016-2
Habib, Suzanne, Morrissey, Shirley A., and Helmes, Edward (2003) Readiness to adopt a self-management approach to pain: evaluation of the pain stages of change model in a non-pain-clinic sample. Pain, 104 (1-2). pp. 283-290.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/268/
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2024-02-27T15:13:37Z
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Rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with lewy bodies
Helmes, Edward
Bowler, John V.
Merskey, Harold
Munoz, David G.
Hachinski, Vladimir C.I.
Increased interest in types of dementia has developed as more cases are identified in aging populations. Here we compare the rates of cognitive decline over time in three groups with dementia from the University of Western Ontario Dementia Study: Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies and a group with both AD and Lewy bodies. All diagnoses were verified by autopsy using standard diagnostic methods. Cognitive impairment was measured with the Extended Scale for Dementia (ESD). Members of each group with dementia were age and sex matched with individuals without dementia as controls. The 15 cases of AD, 7 cases with Lewy bodies and 8 cases with both conditions were all free of significant vascular disease. Linear regression was used to determine the rate of changes in ESD scores over time in months. All three control groups showed no change in cognitive status over time. As expected, all groups with dementia showed progressive cognitive impairment. Analysis of the slope parameter showed that all groups deteriorated at the same rate of approximately 2 ESD points per month. Quadratic models fit better than simple linear models in all groups. Results suggest that the final rate of cognitive decline in dementia may not necessarily reflect the underlying cause.
Karger
2003-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/269/1/269_Helmes_et_al_2003.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000067969
Helmes, Edward, Bowler, John V., Merskey, Harold, Munoz, David G., and Hachinski, Vladimir C.I. (2003) Rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with lewy bodies. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 15 (2). pp. 67-71.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/269/
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2023-01-03T19:40:50Z
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Mature Australian consumers' adoption and consumption of self-service banking technologies
McPhail, Janelle
Fogarty, Gerard
The slow diffusion of self-service banking technologies (SSBTs) into the mature consumer market necessitates research to understand better this growing section of the population and the diversity that exists within this market. This research analyses the 50+ market through a segmentation approach based on the level of use of SSBTs. Three segments were identified: non-users, low users and medium-to-high users of SSBTs; these are profiled by frequency of use and demographic variables. The medium-to-high user segment embraces a range of SSBTs and uses credit cards to facilitate their financial activities. Non-users and some low users prefer the customary way of conducting transactions and enjoy the personal interaction with the bank employee. These two segments do, however, have a moderate level of credit card use. Finally, a small percentage of diffusion discontinuance was identified in this study of the mature consumer market.
Henry Stewart Publications
2004-06-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/270/1/270_McPhail_%26_Fogarty_2004.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4770128
McPhail, Janelle, and Fogarty, Gerard (2004) Mature Australian consumers' adoption and consumption of self-service banking technologies. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 8 (4). pp. 302-313.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/270/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:271
2023-01-03T19:40:50Z
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A conceptual model and evaluation process for educational technology learning resources: a legal case study
McDonald, Jacquie
McPhail, Janelle
Maguire, Michael
Millett, Bruce
The University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Australia, has more than twenty-five years experience in distributed education. More recently, USQ has embraced information and communication technologies to delivery learning resources in a more integrated and interactive environment to on-campus and external students. To understand the complex reactions of students to this new learning environment, a comprehensive conceptual model was developed to explain students’ beliefs, attitudes and intentions towards using technology based learning resources based on a legal case study, the Law CD. A detailed evaluation process provides direction for future research and will deliver valuable information to assist in the redesign and development of educational technologies.
Routledge
2004-12
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/271/1/rose_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523980410001680914
McDonald, Jacquie, McPhail, Janelle, Maguire, Michael, and Millett, Bruce (2004) A conceptual model and evaluation process for educational technology learning resources: a legal case study. Educational Media International, 41 (4). pp. 287-296.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/271/
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2023-01-03T19:40:49Z
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Understanding older consumers’ usage of self-service banking technologies: test of two models
McPhail, Janelle
Fogarty, Gerard
Walker, Rhett H.
Self-service technologies play a major role in enabling consumers to perform service delivery themselves. This requires consumers adopting this service delivery process to modify their behaviour, however some consumers may resist change. Evidence of this is particularly strong in older consumers (plus 50 years of age) where their usage of self-service banking technologies (SSBT’s) is considerably lower than for younger consumers. This paper specifically explores the beliefs, attitudes, intentions and usage behaviour of SSBT’s by older consumers through the comparison of the suitability, fit and explanatory power of two existing models, namely the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen 1991) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, Bagozzi & Warshaw 1989). Survey methodology approach using a mailed questionnaire to 600 randomly selected respondents resulted in the return of 208 (35%) usable questionnaires. The use of SSBT’s varied across the sample with 19% (40) non-users; 19 % (40) low users (< 50% use); and 62 % (128) moderate to high users (> 60%). The models were tested using AMOS 4.01 (Arbuckle & Wothke 1999), maximum likelihood estimation method. The TAM had a less than acceptable fit resulting in a modified TAM. The Modified TAM when compared with the TPB model had an overall better fit to the data in that all fit statistics were within acceptable limits and similar explanatory power. However, with the addition of two specific belief constructs in the modified TAM, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, these constructs provide a richer understanding of the factors that influence attitude (A), behaviour intention (BI) and behaviour (B) of older consumers’ usage of SSBT’s. Further, the failure of the perceived behavioural control pathway to contribute to the explanation of SSBT behaviour in the TPB model effectively gives the advantage to the Modified TAM. It is primarily for these reasons that the Modified TAM is favoured over the TPB model in this study.
Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy
Geursen, Gus
Kennedy, Rachel
Tolo, Monica
2003-12
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/272/1/Mcphail__Fogarty_Walker.pdf
http://smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/WWW/ANZMAC2003/papers/SER20_mcphailj.pdf
McPhail, Janelle, Fogarty, Gerard, and Walker, Rhett H. (2003) Understanding older consumers’ usage of self-service banking technologies: test of two models. In: Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC) Conference 2003. pp. 2230-2237. From: Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC) Conference 2003, 1-3 December 2003, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/272/
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2024-02-28T14:42:12Z
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Allosteric alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonism by the conopeptide rho-TIA
Sharpe, Iain A.
Thomas, Linda
Loughnan, Marion
Motin, Leonid
Palant, Elka
Croker, Daniel E.
Alewood, Dianne
Chen, Songhai
Graham, Robert M.
Alewood, Paul F.
Adams, David J.
Lewis, Richard J.
A peptide contained in the venom of the predatory marine snail Conus tulipa, rho-TIA, has previously been shown to possess alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist activity. Here, we further characterize its pharmacological activity as well as its structure-activity relationships. In the isolated rat vas deferens, rho-TIA inhibited alpha1-adrenoreceptor-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration that were triggered by norepinephrine, but did not affect presynaptic alpha2-adrenoreceptor-mediated responses. In radioligand binding assays using [125I]HEAT, rho-TIA displayed slightly greater potency at the alpha 1B than at the alpha 1A or alpha 1D subtypes. Moreover, although it did not affect the rate of association for [3H]prazosin binding to the alpha 1B-adrenoreceptor, the dissociation rate was increased, indicating non-competitive antagonism by rho-TIA. N-terminally truncated analogs of rho-TIA were less active than the full-length peptide, with a large decline in activity observed upon removal of the fourth residue of rho-TIA (Arg4). An alanine walk of rho-TIA confirmed the importance of Arg4 for activity and revealed a number of other residues clustered around Arg4 that contribute to the potency of rho-TIA. The unique allosteric antagonism of rho-TIA resulting from its interaction with receptor residues that constitute a binding site that is distinct from that of the classical competitive alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonists may allow the development of inhibitors that are highly subtype selective.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2003-09-05
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/273/1/TIA2003.pdf
Sharpe, Iain A., Thomas, Linda, Loughnan, Marion, Motin, Leonid, Palant, Elka, Croker, Daniel E., Alewood, Dianne, Chen, Songhai, Graham, Robert M., Alewood, Paul F., Adams, David J., and Lewis, Richard J. (2003) Allosteric alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonism by the conopeptide rho-TIA. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278 (36). pp. 34451-34457.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/273/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:274
2024-02-28T14:42:09Z
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Structures of muO-conotoxins from Conus marmoreus. Inhibitors of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and TTX-resistant sodium channels in mammalian sensory neurons
Daly, N.
Ekberg, J.A.
Thomas, L.
Adams, D.J.
Lewis, R.J.
Craik, D.J.
The muO-conotoxins are an intriguing class of conotoxins targeting various voltage-dependent sodium channels and molluscan calcium channels. In the current study, we have shown MrVIA and MrVIB to be the first known peptidic inhibitors of the transient tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) current in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, in addition to inhibiting tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) currents. Human TTX-R sodium channels are a therapeutic target for indications such as pain, highlighting the importance of the microO-conotoxins as potential leads for drug development. Furthermore, we have used NMR spectroscopy to provide the first structural information on this class of conotoxins. MrVIA and MrVIB are hydrophobic peptides that aggregate in aqueous solution but were solubilized in 50% acetonitrile/water. The three-dimensional structure of MrVIB consists of a small beta-sheet and a cystine knot arrangement of the three-disulfide bonds. It contains four backbone "loops" between successive cysteine residues that are exposed to the solvent to varying degrees. The largest of these, loop 2, is the most disordered part of the molecule, most likely due to flexibility in solution. This disorder is the most striking difference between the structures of MrVIB and the known delta- and omega-conotoxins, which along with the microO-conotoxins are members of the O superfamily. Loop 2 of omega-conotoxins has previously been shown to contain residues critical for binding to voltage-gated calcium channels, and it is interesting to speculate that the flexibility observed in MrVIB may accommodate binding to both sodium and molluscan calcium channels.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2004-06-11
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/274/1/muO2004.pdf
Daly, N., Ekberg, J.A., Thomas, L., Adams, D.J., Lewis, R.J., and Craik, D.J. (2004) Structures of muO-conotoxins from Conus marmoreus. Inhibitors of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and TTX-resistant sodium channels in mammalian sensory neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (24). pp. 25774-25782.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/274/
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2024-02-28T14:41:54Z
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Genetic influence on caste in the ant Camponotus consobrinus
Fraser, Vanessa S.
Kaufmann, Bernard
Oldroyd, Benjamin P.
Crozier, Ross H.
Genetic influences on polyethism within social insect colonies are well-known, suggesting that the determination of caste (soldiers and minor workers) may also be genetically mediated. The Australian sugar ant Camponotus consobrinus is suitable for such a study, having soldiers and minor workers which follow a complex allometry. Further, although most C. consobrinus colonies are monogynous, 13 of 42 surveyed using microsatellites were found to be polygynous. Thus, although a minority of colonies were polygynous, the great majority of queens live in polygynous colonies. From the 29 monogynous colonies studied, we inferred that the queens are monandrous. Ants from four polygynous colonies were assigned to families on the basis of microsatellite genotypes after measurements had been taken of head width and scape length. These measurements reflect a complex allometry interpretable as soldier and minor worker growth curves with a large changeover zone. Genetic influence on caste determination was examined by testing for differences between families within colonies in the distribution of scape lengths, residuals from the overall colony allometric curve, and proportions of soldiers and minor workers (as determined by head width falling above or below the inflection point of the overall colony allometric curve).
Families in all four colonies differed significantly in caste proportions and in head width distributions, and three of the four colonies showed significant differences between families in residuals from the overall colony growth curve. Nested ANOVAS using head widths and scape length residuals showed that when the effect of family is removed intercolony differences in allometry are negligible. This evidence indicates genetic rather than environmental causes for the observed differences between families. We speculate that this variation may reflect some selective advantage to within-colony heterogeneity between families or that selective differences are few between a wide array of family growth patterns.
Springer
2000-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/275/1/crozier_4.pdf
Fraser, Vanessa S., Kaufmann, Bernard, Oldroyd, Benjamin P., and Crozier, Ross H. (2000) Genetic influence on caste in the ant Camponotus consobrinus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 47 (3). pp. 188-194.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/275/
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2016-08-08T01:01:07Z
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Polyandry in social Hymenoptera — disunity in diversity?
Crozier, Ross H.
Fjerdingstad, Else J.
Multiple mating by queens occurs in many species of social Hymenoptera despite its likely costs. Hypotheses to explain multiple mating include a need for more sperm than provided by a single male, the convergence of queen and worker sex-allocation optima and various genetic diversity hypotheses. For some species the sperm need hypothesis fails since queens retain only a single male’s worth of sperm. In other cases, sperm store does increase with the number of matings. Similarly for the sex-allocation and genetic diversity hypotheses, data from some species are in support, those from others are not. Comparative analysis reveals a negative correlation between level of genetic diversity (of which queen mate number is an important determinant) and parasite load; findings in the best-studied case are complex: monandry and higher levels of polyandry are each selectively favored over moderate polyandry. Out of 14 identifiable hypotheses five are judged most useful for future work. Unfortunately, the search for a simple unitary model to explain all cases seems futile. A model encompassing all of these factors is desirable for studies on single species, but would be complex. Comparative analyses remain desirable, but should encompass the likelihood that different factors predominate in different groups.
Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board
2001
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/276/1/crozier_3.pdf
http://www.sekj.org/AnnZool.html
Crozier, Ross H., and Fjerdingstad, Else J. (2001) Polyandry in social Hymenoptera — disunity in diversity? Annales Zoologici Fennici, 38 (3-4). pp. 267-285.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/276/
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2024-02-27T15:13:38Z
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Duplication and diversifying selection among termite antifungal peptides
Bulmer, Mark S.
Crozier, Ross H.
We have identified and analysed the mRNA sequence of 20 new defensin-like peptides from eleven Australian termite species of Nasutitermes and from an outgroup, Drepanotermes rubriceps. The sequence was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR with a degenerate primer designed from termicin, an antifungal peptide previously characterized from the termite Pseudocanthotermes spiniger. All 20 genes show high sequence identity with P. spiniger termicin and have duplicated repeatedly during the radiation of Nasutitermes. Comparison of the relative fixation rates of synonymous (silent) and nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) mutations indicates that the Nasutitermes termicins are positively selected. This positive selection appears to drive a decrease in termicin charge. In termites with two genes, the decrease in charge is predominantly restricted to one termicin. Furthermore, the spread of charge is significantly greater within species than across species among sites that appear to be under strong positive selection and this spread is largely attributable to only three amino acids. Our results suggest that following termicin duplication, certain critical sites have maintained a positive charge in one duplicate and evolved towards neutrality in the other and that positive selection has directed these changes repeatedly and independently. This diversification among duplicated genes may be a counter-response to the evolution of fungal resistance in social insects that are particularly vulnerable to fungal epidemics.
Oxford University Press
2004-12
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/277/1/crozier_2.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msh236
Bulmer, Mark S., and Crozier, Ross H. (2004) Duplication and diversifying selection among termite antifungal peptides. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21 (12). pp. 2256-2264.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/277/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:278
2024-02-27T15:13:38Z
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Single nucleotide +1 frameshifts in an apparently functional mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in ants of the genus Polyrhachis
Beckenbach, Andrew T.
Robson, Simon K.A.
Crozier, Ross H.
Twelve of 30 species examined in the ant genus Polyrhachis carry single nucleotide insertions at one or two positions within the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. Two of the sites are present in more than one species. Nucleotide substitutions in taxa carrying insertions show the strong codon position bias expected of functional protein coding genes, with substitutions concentrated in the third positions of the original reading frame. This pattern of evolution of the sequences strongly suggests that they are functional cytb sequences. This result is not the first report of +1 frameshift insertions in animal mitochondrial genes. A similar site was discovered in vertebrates, where single nucleotide frameshift insertions in many birds and a turtle were reported by Mindell et al. (Mol Biol Evol 15:1568, 1998). They hypothesized that the genes are correctly decoded by a programmed frameshift during translation. The discovery of four additional sites gives us the opportunity to look for common features that may explain how programmed frameshifts can arise. The common feature appears to be the presence of two consecutive rare codons at the insertion site. We hypothesize that the second of these codons is not efficiently translated, causing a pause in the translation process. During the stall the weak wobble pairing of the tRNA bound in the peptidyl site of the ribosome, together with an exact Watson–Crick codon–anticodon pairing in the +1 position, allows translation to continue in the +1 reading frame. The result of these events is an adequate level of translation of a full-length and fully functional protein. A model is presented for decoding of these mitochondrial genes, consistent with known features of programmed translational frameshifting in the yeast TY1 and TY3 retrotransposons.
Springer
2005-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/278/1/crozier_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-004-0178-5
Beckenbach, Andrew T., Robson, Simon K.A., and Crozier, Ross H. (2005) Single nucleotide +1 frameshifts in an apparently functional mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in ants of the genus Polyrhachis. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 60 (2). pp. 141-152.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/278/
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2024-02-27T15:13:40Z
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Powers of discrete goodness-of-fit test statistics for a uniform null against a selection of alternative distributions
Steele, Michael
Chaseling, Janet
The comparative powers of six discrete goodness-of-fit test statistics for a uniform null distribution against a variety of fully specified alternative distributions are discussed. The results suggest that the test statistics based on the empirical distribution function for ordinal data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramér-von Mises and Anderson-Darling) are generally more powerful for trend alternative distributions. The test statistics for nominal (Pearson’s Chi-Square and the Nominal Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and circular data (Watson’s test statistic) are shown to be generally more powerful for the investigated triangular (), flat (or platykurtic type), sharp (or leptokurtic type) and bimodal alternative distributions.
Taylor & Francis
2006-10
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/280/1/steele_and_chaseling_official_paper.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610910600880666
Steele, Michael, and Chaseling, Janet (2006) Powers of discrete goodness-of-fit test statistics for a uniform null against a selection of alternative distributions. Communications in Statistics: simulation and computation, 35 (4). pp. 1067-1075.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/280/
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2023-01-03T19:40:43Z
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A comparison of the powers of the Chi-Square test statistic with the discrete Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramér-von Mises test statistics
Steele, Mike
Chaseling, Janet
This paper provides extensive simulated power studies for three major goodness-of-fit test statistics for a uniform null distribution against a variety of alternative distributions. Recommendations are made so that applied researchers can use the specific test statistics with high power.
Springer
Rizzi, Alfredo
Vichi, Maurizio
2006
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/281/1/Mike_Steele%27s_compstat2006_paper.pdf
http://www.springer.com/statistics/computational/book/978-3-7908-1708-9?detailsPage=toc
Steele, Mike, and Chaseling, Janet (2006) A comparison of the powers of the Chi-Square test statistic with the discrete Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramér-von Mises test statistics. In: Proceedings in Computational Statistics COMPSTAT 2006. pp. 615-621. From: COMPSTAT 2006, 28 August - 1 September 2006, Rome, Italy.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/281/
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2024-02-27T15:13:41Z
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Habitats, morphological diversity, and distribution of the genus Vigna Savi in Australia
Lawn, R.J.
Watkinson, A.R.
Vigna is an agriculturally important genus containing several important species used as pulses, forages, vegetable, or cover crops. The genus is represented in Australia by 5 species, 4 indigenous (V. radiata, V. vexillata, V. luteola, V. marina) and 1 endemic (V. lanceolata). A germplasm collection has been assembled comprising >400 accessions of the 5 Vigna species from Australia and offshore and seed committed to storage as the CSIRO National Vigna collection. For a large number of accessions, herbarium sheets have also been prepared either from field or glasshouse-grown plants and lodged with the Qld Herbarium, Brisbane. This paper describes the structure of the collection and, for each of the 5 species and major regional variants, summarises provenance information on their geographic distribution, habitat, soil type, and associated species. Within the Australian tropics/subtropics, the Vigna species collectively occupy a diverse range of grassland habitats extending from the foreshore to the central desert. Of the 5 species, the endemic V. lanceolata is the most diverse in terms of distribution, habitat, and morphology. Geographic gaps in the collection are noted and priorities for future collection suggested.
CSIRO
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/282/2/Lawn_RJ%2C_Watkinson_AR%2C_2002._Habitat%2C_morphological.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR02065
Lawn, R.J., and Watkinson, A.R. (2002) Habitats, morphological diversity, and distribution of the genus Vigna Savi in Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53 (12). pp. 1305-1316.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/282/
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2016-07-26T19:50:18Z
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CRC sugar: an experiment in a novel approach to sugar industry R&D
Lawn, R.J.
CRC Sugar was established in 1995 to undertake research and education to build the skills and technology for a competitive and environmentally responsible sugar industry. CRC Sugar was constituted as a collaborative joint venture between 13 organisations: the five major sugar milling companies (Bundaberg Sugar, CSR Sugar, Mackay Sugar, NSW Sugar and Sugar North), CANEGROWERS, BSES, SRDC, two divisions of CSIRO, the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines and three universities, The University of Queensland, Central Queensland University and James Cook University, the centre host. Together, these 13 organisations conduct ~85% of sugar R&D. CRC Sugar’s operational strategy has been to add value to the work, through collaborative, multi-disciplinary research, to tackle difficult or complex ‘systems’ issues in partnership with research end-users. CRC Sugar has leveraged an additional $3.5 million annually into sugar R&D, in the form of competitive CRC Program cash, in-kind contributions from extra-industry research providers, and conditional establishment grants from the Queensland and NSW governments. Among CRC Sugar researchers’ key achievements are the pioneering ‘whole-of-industry’ approach to alternative options for cane supply scheduling; a science-based understanding of the industry’s water quality and other environmental impacts; improved management of acid sulfate soils; a targetted approach to customising nutrient management to local needs, taking account of soil type and nutrient recycling from mill muds, effluent and green cane trash blanketing (GCTB); tools to maximise economic returns from limited water; tools and approaches for ameliorating soil sodicity and acidity; better understanding of the wet tropics low CCS issue; a range of decision support tools to assess options and explore risks and trade-offs; and an innovative education and training program. Benefit: cost analysis of selected projects indicated that the potential benefit from the cane supply options work alone exceeds the aggregate 8-year cost of the Centre. There were ‘transaction’ costs in operating CRC Sugar, mainly in the form of the time and effort spent on building collaborative links with other researchers and industry, and on accountability. The main gap when CRC Sugar’s term ends will be in the nature and extent of environmental research, with much of the ongoing research diverting to organisations focussed on environmental protection rather than sustainable sugar production. CRC Sugar’s legacies include the whole-of-industry approach to exploring options for securing operational efficiencies, a comprehensive, science-based appraisal of the industry’s environmental footprint, ‘best bet’ options for improved environmental management, stronger industry engagement by extra-industry research providers, and a paradigm shift in favour of collaborative, participative, systems-based research.
Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists
2003-05-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/283/1/Lawn_RJ%2C_2003._CRC_Sugar_An_experiment_in_a_novel.pdf
Lawn, R.J. (2003) CRC sugar: an experiment in a novel approach to sugar industry R&D. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 25. pp. 1-12.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/283/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:284
2016-07-26T19:50:18Z
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Keynote address: a brief history of the establishment of the Australian soybean industry
Lawn, RJ
Commercial soybean production in Australia began in the subtropics in SE Qld, followed quickly by NW NSW. The first extensive introductions of cultivated varieties were made in the 1930s as part of the search for high protein grains to solve the dry season ‘protein gap’ in subtropical grazing systems. Further impetus was provided by the perceived need to develop indigenous oil crops in case shipping routes were blockaded during the Second World War. However, initial attempts to grow soybeans using varieties and agronomic practices from the southern USA were unsuccessful. It was not until the late 1960s that better adapted varieties were identified and more reliable agronomic practices were developed, based on an understanding of how photo-thermal conditions affected phenology and yield potential and the implications for seasonal and regional adaptation.
The first significant commercial areas, based on agronomic management to accommodate variety X sowing date X density interactions, were grown in SE Qld in 1969-70. Successful crops were grown rainfed in the sub-coastal West Moreton and Burnett areas, and under irrigation at Brookstead on the Darling Downs. The industry quickly expanded into the irrigated areas of NW NSW and the northern coastal areas of NSW, with smaller areas in central western NSW, northern Victoria, Central Qld, the Ord and the NT. The expansion was stimulated by demand from the fledgling oilseed manufacturing industry and import-parity pricing. Unlike in SE Qld, the initial expansion into the irrigated areas of NW NSW was based in part on wide-row culture of full-season varieties as had proved successful in the USA. It helped that some of the first growers were expatriate cotton growers familiar with USA soybean production. Later, there was greater emphasis on tailoring varieties and agronomy to local needs in most areas, especially in the tropics where it was not possible to rely on imported varieties.
The early research showed that the time to flowering, and thus yield potential per plant, varied depending on varietal maturity and sowing date. In many areas of the eastern subtropics, sowing dates were often later while temperatures were generally warmer than in the southern USA, so that varieties often flowered sooner and yield potentials were lower. Consequently, narrower rows and higher populations were needed to raise yield potentials per area. One of the outcomes of the early soybean work was the recognition that commercial yields were possible using higher density sowings of shorter duration varieties with naturally higher harvest index. This concept ran counter to the prevailing USA orthodoxy based on vegetatively vigorous, full season varieties and wide-row agronomy. It laid the foundation, however, for the later successful use of the long-juvenile trait to develop shorter-duration, photo-insensitive cultivars suited to high density culture.
Range Media
Grey, Dale
Pardy, Michelle
2007
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/284/1/Lawn_2005._Keynote_Address._History_of_Soybean_R%26D.pdf
Lawn, RJ (2007) Keynote address: a brief history of the establishment of the Australian soybean industry. In: Soybeans : Maximising Potential - Proceedings of the 13th Australian Soybean Conference. From: 13th Australian Soybean Conference, 1-3 March 2005, Barooga, NSW, Australia.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/284/
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2024-03-05T14:29:27Z
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Entomology in the service of the State: Queensland scientists and the campaign against cane beetles, 1895-1950
Griggs, Peter
The Queensland sugar industry between 1880 and 1950 faced a major agricultural crisis. The annual cane crops were attacked periodically by white grubs, the larvae of different species of native beetles found along the Queensland coast. Both canegrower and miller suffered considerable financial losses during these outbreaks. Entomologists engaged by the Queensland government sought strategies to reduce this damage. This paper begins by discussing the biology of the beetles that troubled the Queensland sugar industry. The organisations and personalities involved in the research to combat the depredation by the white grubs are outlined in the second part of this paper. The extent of the canegrowers adoption of the entomologists’ advice on ways to reduce the white grubs’ impact is reviewed in the third section of this paper. In the final section, the solution to the canegrowers woes is discussed, although it will be highlighted that the widespread adoption of benzene hexachloride (BHC) in the 1950s only provided protection until the Queensland government banned the use of this insecticide in 1987.
CSIRO Publishing
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/285/1/Griggs_3.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HR05004
Griggs, Peter (2005) Entomology in the service of the State: Queensland scientists and the campaign against cane beetles, 1895-1950. Historical Records of Australian Science, 16 (1). pp. 1-29.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/285/
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2024-02-27T15:12:34Z
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Improving agricultural practices: science and the Australian sugarcane grower, 1864-1915
Griggs, Peter
Sugarcane emerged by 1884 as the most favoured crop cultivated in the coastal lands of Eastern Australia between Cairns and Grafton. initially, Australian canegrowers invested as little labor and capital as possible. Contemporary commentators, however, were very critical of the agricultural practices adopted by the country's first canegrowers, noting a lack of careful cultivation and plowing, fertilizer use, drainage and paddock design. Various reasons for the use of these "inadequate techniques" are discussed in this essay, with the conclusion being offered that the most important factor was a lack of scientific knowledge about farming under Australian conditions. By 1891, cane-growing techniques were reported to be "on the upgrade", with improved cane and sugar yields. Such a transformation had commenced due to the introduction of some mechanization and the dissemination of research findings and technical information about scientific cultivation methods under Australian conditions. This detail had been assembled during the 1880s and 1890s mainly by The Colonial Sugar Refining Company and the Queensland government Sugar Experiment Stations, which had been established following pressure from canegrowers who increasingly sought advice on the correct farming techniques.
Agricultural History Society
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/286/1/Griggs_1.pdf
http://www.aghistorysociety.org/journal/contents/2004/78-1/griggs.html
Griggs, Peter (2004) Improving agricultural practices: science and the Australian sugarcane grower, 1864-1915. Agricultural History, 78 (1). pp. 1-33.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/286/
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2019-11-22T17:00:40Z
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Mapping a new colony: the geographical construction of Queensland 1860-1880
Griggs, Peter
Queensland formally separated from New South Wales in December 1859. The new colonial government had jurisdiction over approximately 1.72 million square kilometres, or 22.5 per cent of the Australian landmass. Official responsibility for producing maps of the new colony (except hydrographic charts) between 1860 and 1880 rested with the Survey Branch of the Queensland Department of Lands. Other motivated individuals and firms, mostly surveyors, book publishers and specialist map and atlas publishers, also produced maps of the new colony.
The first part of this paper will examine who produced maps during this period under review. This discussion will outline some of the challenges faced by those making maps in an era when lithography still used limestone stones. The subjects mapped and the types of maps produced in Queensland between 1860 and 1880 will be considered in the second part of the paper. Despite enormous difficulties, including a lack of equipment and limited numbers of lithographers and surveyors, a wide array of maps were produced in Queensland between 1860 and 1880. Subjects mapped included the entire colony, major towns, railway routes, electoral and pastoral districts and the evolving cadastre.
Australian and New Zealand Map Society
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/287/1/287_Griggs_2004.pdf
http://www.anzmaps.org/the-globe/contents-of-the-globe/
Griggs, Peter (2004) Mapping a new colony: the geographical construction of Queensland 1860-1880. The Globe: Journal of The Australian Map Circle, 56. pp. 25-40.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/287/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:290
2019-11-22T17:00:41Z
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Australian scientists, sugar cane growers and the search for new gummosis-resistant and sucrose-rich varieties of sugar cane 1890-1920
Griggs, Peter
The Australian sugar industry in the 1890s faced an agricultural crisis, as the standard cane varieties succumbed to the disease gummosis. Australian scientists were engaged by the Queensland government and the Colonial Sugar Refining Company to identify new, gummosis-resistant cane varieties. This paper begins by outlining the organisations and personalities involved in this research. The diffusion of the new varieties throughout Australian sugar-producing districts is reconstructed in the second part of the paper. In the final section, the economic benefits of the new varieties are reviewed. The discussion will show that the scientists sought not only gummosis-resistant cane varieties, but also those that were sucrose-rich. Hence, what began as a crisis benefited the Australian sugar industry in the long-term, for the new varieties yielded more sugar and a damaging disease was defeated, albeit temporarily.
CSIRO Publishing
2003
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/290/1/290_Griggs_2003.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HR03002
Griggs, Peter (2003) Australian scientists, sugar cane growers and the search for new gummosis-resistant and sucrose-rich varieties of sugar cane 1890-1920. Historical Records of Australian Science, 14 (3). pp. 291-311.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/290/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:291
2024-02-27T15:13:43Z
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Changing rural spaces: deregulation and the decline of tobacco farming in the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, Far North Queensland
Griggs, Peter
The growing of tobacco was one of the most tightly regulated industries in Australia, until deregulation in 1995. Commonwealth regulations controlled the area cultivated with tobacco, the number of growers (ie quota holders) and marketing arrangements for tobacco leaf. This paper begins by outlining the nature and historical development of controls in the tobacco growing industry, and discusses how the Commonwealth government removed the industry’s regulatory and protective framework in 1995. The third part of the paper examines how deregulation has impacted upon the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, Far North Queensland, where small farmers produced sixty per cent of Australia’s tobacco in 1995. The discussion will show that the agricultural landscape once dominated by tobacco has been transformed, as local farmers abandoned growing tobacco in favour of sugar cane, avocadoes, mangoes, macadamia nuts and other small vegetable crops (eg navy beans, pumpkins). Tobacco, once promoted by the Queensland government as a crop to facilitate closer settlement in the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, will have almost vanished from the landscape by 2002.
Carfax publishing
2002-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/291/1/Griggs_2.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/291/4/291_Griggs_2002_AcceptedVersion.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180220125006
Griggs, Peter (2002) Changing rural spaces: deregulation and the decline of tobacco farming in the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area, Far North Queensland. Australian Geographer, 33 (1). pp. 43-61.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/291/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:292
2024-02-28T14:42:13Z
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The decline of competition: the emergence of a duopoly in the Australian sugar refinery sector, 1841-1915
Griggs, Peter
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the emergence of large single-product organisations whose expansion was stimulated by a desire to control a substantial part of a particular product market. An Australian example of a large single-product firm is the Colonial Sugar Refining Company Ltd (CSR). By 1915, the company accounted for ninety per cent of refined sugar production in Australia. CSR had achieved this control over the Australian refined sugar market by using underselling, strategies that denied its competitors outlets for their refined sugars and amalgamations with rivals. CSR after 1890, however, was interested in sharing the Australian market for refined sugar with its rivals by forming spheres of influence in marketing areas or adopting production quotas, although the Queensland National Bank was the only organisation to successfully negotiate annual market share agreements with CSR in the 1900s. These agreements ensured the survival of its Millaquin Refinery. Other competitors eventually exited the industry. In 1915, the Commonwealth government institutionalised this duopoly in the sugar refining sector via agreements with CSR and the Queensland government, and allowed it to continue until deregulation of the Australian sugar-refining sector in the early1990s.
Routledge
2001-11
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/292/1/292_Griggs_2001.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180120100077
Griggs, Peter (2001) The decline of competition: the emergence of a duopoly in the Australian sugar refinery sector, 1841-1915. Australian Geographer, 32 (3). pp. 359-376.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/292/
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2019-11-22T17:00:43Z
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Sugar plantations in Queensland, 1864-1912: origins, characteristics, distribution and decline
Griggs, Peter
Griggs discusses the history of sugar plantations in Queensland Australia during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The main concern of historiography on Queensland's sugar plantations has been the estates' laborers, who were mostly indentured Melanesians.
Agricultural History Society
2000
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/293/1/293_Griggs_2000.pdf
http://links.jstor.org/stable/3745214
Griggs, Peter (2000) Sugar plantations in Queensland, 1864-1912: origins, characteristics, distribution and decline. Agricultural History, 74 (3). pp. 609-647.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/293/
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2023-01-03T19:40:43Z
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Comparing the simulated power of discrete goodness-of-fit tests for small sample sizes
Steele, Mike
Chaseling, Janet
Hurst, Cameron
Although a variety of goodness-of-fit test statistics are used by applied researchers, studies of their power have been limited. This paper investigates the simulated power of six goodness-of-fit test statistics for discrete data for small sample sizes. The null distribution is uniform and the simulated power of each of the test statistics is calculated for a number of alternative distributions including trend, triangular, flat/platykurtic type, sharp/leptokurtic type and bimodal.
2007-01
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/294/1/goodness_of_fit_paper_from_proceedings_asimmod2007.pdf
Steele, Mike, Chaseling, Janet, and Hurst, Cameron (2007) Comparing the simulated power of discrete goodness-of-fit tests for small sample sizes. In: UNSPECIFIED. From: Ekasingh, B and Jintrawet, A and Pratummintra, S (eds). Towards sustainable livelihood and environment. 2nd International Conference on Asian Simulation and Modeling 2007, 9-11 Jan 2007, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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2023-01-03T19:40:42Z
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Argument free clustering via boundary extraction for massive point-data Sets
Estivill-Castro, Vladimir
Lee, Ickjai
Minimizing the need for user-specified arguments results in less costly Geographical Data Mining. For massive data sets, the need to find best-fit arguments in semi-automatic clustering is not the only concern, the manipulation of data to find arguments opposes the philosophy of ‘‘let the data speak for themselves’’ that underpins exploratory data analysis. Our new approach consists of effective and efficient methods for discovering cluster boundaries in
point-data sets. Parameters are not specified by users. Rather, values for parameters are revealed from the proximity structures of Voronoi modeling, and thus, an algorithm, AUTOCLUST, calculates them from the Delunay Diagram. We detect clusters of different densities and sparse clusters near to high-density clusters. Multiple bridges linking clusters are identified and removed. All this within O(n log n) time, where n is the number of data points. We contrast AUTOCLUST with algorithms for clustering large georeferenced sets of points. These comparisons confirm the virtues of our approach.
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/297/1/CEUS02.pdf
Estivill-Castro, Vladimir, and Lee, Ickjai (2002) Argument free clustering via boundary extraction for massive point-data Sets. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 26 (4). pp. 315-334.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/297/
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2024-02-27T15:13:06Z
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Multi-level clustering and its visualization for exploratory spatial analysis
Estivill-Castro, Vladimir
Lee, Ickjai
Exploratory spatial analysis is increasingly necessary as larger spatial data is managed in electro-magnetic media. We propose an exploratory method that reveals a robust clustering hierarchy from two-dimensional point data. Our approach uses the Delaunay diagram to incorporate spatial proximity. It does not require prior knowledge about the data set, nor does it require preconditions. Multi-level clusters are successfully discovered by this new method in only O(nlogn) time, where n is the size of the data set. The efficiency of our method allows us to construct and display a new type of tree graph that facilitates understanding of the complex hierarchy of clusters. We show that clustering methods adopting a raster-like or vector-like representation of proximity are not appropriate for spatial clustering. We conduct an experimental evaluation with synthetic data sets as well as real data sets to illustrate the robustness of our method.
Springer
2002-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/298/1/Geoinformatica02.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015279009755
Estivill-Castro, Vladimir, and Lee, Ickjai (2002) Multi-level clustering and its visualization for exploratory spatial analysis. Geoinformatica, 6 (2). pp. 123-152.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/298/
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2024-02-27T15:12:44Z
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Clustering with obstacles for Geographical Data Mining
Estivill-Castro, Vladimir
Lee, Ickjai
Clustering algorithms typically use the Euclidean distance. However, spatial proximity is dependent on obstacles, caused by related information in other layers of the spatial database. We present a clustering algorithm suitable for large spatial databases with obstacles. The algorithm is free of user-supplied arguments and incorporates global and local variations. The algorithm detects clusters in complex scenarios and successfully supports association analysis between layers. All this occurs within O(n log n+[s + t] log n) expected time, where n is the number of points, s is the number of line segments that determine the obstacles and t is the number of Delaunay edges intersecting the obstacles.
Elsevier
2004-08
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/299/1/ISPRS04.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2003.12.003
Estivill-Castro, Vladimir, and Lee, Ickjai (2004) Clustering with obstacles for Geographical Data Mining. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 59 (1-2). pp. 21-34.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/299/
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2023-09-01T19:30:12Z
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Innovations in piano teaching: a small group model for the tertiary level
Daniel, Ryan
This article outlines the rationale for and development of a small group piano teaching approach for application in the higher education environment. Initially, the influences on and rationale for current preferences in the piano teaching field is considered, prior to an investigation of the literature, which reveals a number of issues of concern in relation to the efficacies and efficiencies of existing practices. Reflections obtained during in-depth interviews are then analysed to create a view of the current state of piano teaching. Questionnaire data obtained from pedagogues who engage in advanced student group teaching is also examined. The development of the small group structure and learning environment is subsequently outlined, as is evaluation data gathered from participating students over the four year trial. The paper concludes by proposing a number of implications and possible directions for instrumental teaching at the tertiary level.
Routledge
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/300/1/MER_daniel2.pdf
Daniel, Ryan (2004) Innovations in piano teaching: a small group model for the tertiary level. Music Education Research, 6 (1). pp. 23-43.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/300/
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2023-01-03T19:40:42Z
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Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs): targeting poverty reduction and enhanced livelihoods
Leakey, Roger R.B.
Tchoundjeu, Zacharie
Schreckenberg, Kathrin
Shackleton, Sheona E.
Shackleton, Charlie M.
Agroforestry tree domestication emerged as a farmer-driven, market-led process in the early 1990’s and became an international initiative. A participatory approach now supplements the more traditional aspects of tree improvement, and is seen as an important strategy towards the Millennium Development Goals of eradicating poverty and hunger, promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. Considerable progress has been made towards the domestication of indigenous fruits and nuts in many villages in Cameroon and Nigeria. Vegetatively-propagated cultivars based on a sound knowledge of ‘ideotypes’ derived from an understanding of the tree-to-tree variation in many commercially important traits are being developed by farmers. These are being integrated into polycultural farming systems, especially the cocoa agroforests. Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs) are crucial for the adoption of agroforestry on a scale to have meaningful economic, social and environmental impacts. Important lessons have been learned in southern Africa from detailed studies of the commercialisation of AFTPs. These provide support for the wider acceptance of the role of domesticating indigenous trees in the promotion of enhanced livelihoods for poor farmers in the tropics. Policy guidelines have been developed in support of this sustainable rural development as an alternative strategy to those proposed in many other major development and conservation fora.
Earthscan
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/302/1/ijas_119_final.pdf
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/earthscan/ijas/2005/00000003/00000001/art00001
Leakey, Roger R.B., Tchoundjeu, Zacharie, Schreckenberg, Kathrin, Shackleton, Sheona E., and Shackleton, Charlie M. (2005) Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs): targeting poverty reduction and enhanced livelihoods. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 3 (1). pp. 1-23.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/302/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:304
2016-07-26T19:50:17Z
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Win:Win landuse strategies for Africa: 1. Building on experience with agroforests in Asia and Latin America, and 2. Capturing economic and environmental benefits with multistrata agroforests
Leakey, Roger RB
A win:win landuse strategy has to provide both economic and environmental benefits, ideally with enhanced livelihoods for the poor and the provision of commodities for the international market. This paper reviews recent developments in agroforestry and some case studies from SE Asia and Latin America, where income-generating non-timber forest products are being produced by subsistence farmers within either enriched forest fallows (agroforests) or other forms of multistrata agroforestry. It then examines the opportunities for similarly producing non-timber forest products in the four main regions of Africa (Humid lowland forests of West and Central Africa, the East African Highlands, and the Miombo woodlands of southern Africa and the Sahel), as well as opportunities to domesticate the priority tree species for income generation.
To follow and build on the Green Revolution, there is a need for landuses that: i) provide for livelihood needs of subsistence farmers; ii) meet the global needs for international commodities; and iii) provide international environmental services. In recent years, it has been realised that under certain circumstances, African farmers are planting trees on their farms and are developing agroecosystems that meet these needs. In addition, progress has been made towards the domestication of indigenous trees for their potential to generate farm income and so to reduce poverty. Some recommendations are made about research and development activities that would further encourage the development of sustainable landuses based on tree crops. A role is suggested for the industrial sector in tree crop/agroforestry development, based on new initiatives in the car manufacturing industry, but with opportunities of novel foods for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
2001
Article
PeerReviewed
application/msword
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/304/1/Landuse_in_Africa1%262.doc
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/304/2/Landuse_in_Africa1%262.pdf
Leakey, Roger RB (2001) Win:Win landuse strategies for Africa: 1. Building on experience with agroforests in Asia and Latin America, and 2. Capturing economic and environmental benefits with multistrata agroforests. International Forestry Review, 3. pp. 1-18.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/304/
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2024-03-02T16:08:25Z
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E-Logistics comparative positioning model: a multi-national enterprise airline study
Hamilton, John
By capturing the hidden value in the multi-national enterprise’s (MNE’s) supply-chain in areas such as quality, value and innovation; logistics providers can increase the MNE’s operating efficiency and enhance its capital utilization, within and enhanced competitive advantage framework. Today, many multinational enterprises (MNEs) use the global communication channels of the internet to strategically move their global activities to more competitive positions. The trend has been to outsource more and more of their non-strategic business functions, with their logistics providers acquiring these new sources of business. These logistics providers are classified as 1st to 4th party logistics providers. A 4th party logistics provider (4PL) offers the complete supply side coordination solutions for the MNE, plus a degree of demand side coordination service. At its peak, the MNE-logistics provider model activates the entire service value chain. Here the 5PL delivers a value chain level of both outsourcing and service. The complete integration of the value chain logistics provider with its vast array of ‘added-value skills’ and its block of partnered MNEs, yields a unique, innovative, flexible and highly agile partnership, whereby pathways towards ‘sustainable’ competitive advantage may be developed, and possibly maintained. The MNE, whilst maintaining its final assembly, branding, research, and innovation functions, is increasingly becoming a service orientated, highly ‘front-end’ (or customer focused) operation. This paper develops a technique to ascertain the positioning of MNE and logistics provider(s), and where the logistics provider – MNE integration level may be enhanced.
International Academic Publishers
Chen, Jian
2004-12-05
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/305/1/ICEB2004_J.Hamilton_%26_refs_EN012.pdf
http://www.rccm.tsinghua.edu.cn/ICEB2004/
Hamilton, John (2004) E-Logistics comparative positioning model: a multi-national enterprise airline study. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB2004) (1) pp. 93-100. From: Fourth International Conference on E-business (ICEB2004), 5-9 December 2004, Beijing, China.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/305/
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2016-07-26T19:50:17Z
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Agroforestry for biodiversity in farming systems
Leakey, Roger RB
Agroforestry can be used to diversify and intensify farming systems through the integration of indigenous trees producing marketable timber and non-timber forest products, and is described in terms of an agroecological succession, in which climax agroforests are biodiverse, highly productive and profitable. The role of biodiversity in agroecosystem function is one of the keystones of sustainability. Complex agroforests that combine profitability with biodiversity are presented as a model worthy of expansion. However, little is known ecologically about how best to integrate agroforestry into the landscape, or to what extent agroforestry can be used to link forest patches and expand biogeographical islands. Tree domestication is one way to diversify and intensify agroforestry systems and to make them profitable. A wise domestication strategy for indigenous trees will involve the capture and maximization of intra-specific genetic diversity and so benefit both production and the environment.
CRC Publishers
Collins, Wanda W.
Qualset, Calvin O.
1999
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/306/1/Farm_biodiversity.pdf
Leakey, Roger RB (1999) Agroforestry for biodiversity in farming systems. In: Collins, Wanda W., and Qualset, Calvin O., (eds.) Biodiversity in Agroecosystems. CRC Publishers, New York, pp. 127-145.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/306/
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2016-07-26T19:50:16Z
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Physiology of vegetative reproduction
Leakey, Roger RB
Within any of the numerous different types / systems of propagating trees, there are large numbers of factors that determine whether or not the propagule is in a good physiological condition, and will form a functional plant and grow. For example, when propagating from single-node, leafy cuttings from juvenile shoots, the factors that will determine the level of success are:-
Stockplant environment x stockplant management x topophytic variables x node position x nursery management x post-severance treatments x propagation environment
Each of these factors are themselves multi-faceted and influenced by the ambient environment (light quality and quantity, water, temperature, nutrients) of the stockplant garden, the nursery or the propagation bench. For example, in the stockplant garden the environment (light, water and nutrients) and the management of stockplants can have both short-term impacts on rooting ability by determining the levels of water or heat stress experienced by the tissues being propagated either before severance from the stockplant, or long-term impacts on rooting ability through their effects on the morphology or physiological condition of the shoots. Similarly once the cuttings have been severed from the stockplant the environment of the nursery and the handling of the severed cuttings before and after insertion in the propagation bed will also determine the levels of stress that the cuttings experience. In addition, the cuttings are also affected by the activities of the person doing the propagation and particularly the care taken by this person to minimise the levels of stress experienced by the cuttings (eg. maintenance in a cool, shady, moist environment; reduction of transpiration by leaf trimming, etc). The human element in this is what is commonly called having ‘Green fingers’ and reflects the person’s sensitivity to the needs of the plant material.
Academic Press
Burley, Jeffrey
Evans, Julian
Youngquist, J. A.
2004
Book Chapter
PeerReviewed
word
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/307/1/Encyclopedia_of_Forest_Science_%28final%29_with_refs.doc
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/307/2/Encyclopedia_of_Forest_Science_%28final%29_with_refs.pdf
Leakey, Roger RB (2004) Physiology of vegetative reproduction. In: Burley, Jeffrey, Evans, Julian, and Youngquist, J. A., (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Forest Sciences. Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 1655-1668.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/307/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:308
2023-08-03T19:33:28Z
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Strategic positioning for real-estate management in Australia: implementing e-business for competitive advantage
Hamilton, John
Selen, Willem
Many initiatives that create additional value in real estate transactions, derive from effective web presence and virtual searching facilities. Recent research takes a strategic view, and utilises a structured approach of translating the impact of the internet as an enabling technology on business strategy, business model development and business infrastructure, stating that companies need to tailor their deployment of internet technology to their particular strategies. This research describes such deployment from a strategic positioning perspective and via a competitive positioning matrix. Dimensions of interactiveness with customers, and the flexibility/complexity and innovation of the website environment/infrastructure that supports and complements the real estate interaction and/or transaction are considered, and a preferred competitive positioning model is derived, along with a preferred expansion path. An e-business model for a regional real estate organisation in Australia demonstrates how the competitive positioning model may be deployed as the driver for building competitive advantage.
Inderscience Publishers
2004-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/308/1/308_Hamilton_%26_Selen_2004.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEB.2004.005640
Hamilton, John, and Selen, Willem (2004) Strategic positioning for real-estate management in Australia: implementing e-business for competitive advantage. International Journal of Electronic Business, 2 (4). pp. 383-403.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/308/
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2024-02-27T15:12:48Z
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Enabling real estate service chain management through personalised Web interfacing using QFD
Hamilton, John
Selen, Willem
This paper takes the concept of integrated services to meet individual user needs one step further, by addressing how integrated services can be delivered over the Web in a service chain involving multiple partners. Moreover, a framework is developed and applied to enable fulfilment of individual user needs by developing the appropriate service delivery in terms of Web interface and content, as well as the underlying processes and functionalities, which in turn are defined within an information technology/information systems architecture. The methodology of quality function deployment is used in this context, and applied to a real estate service environment in Australia.
Emerald Group Publishing
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/309/1/IJOPM_04_Web_Interfaces_paper.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570410519033
Hamilton, John, and Selen, Willem (2004) Enabling real estate service chain management through personalised Web interfacing using QFD. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 24 (3). pp. 270-288.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/309/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:310
2024-03-05T14:29:14Z
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Building an international student market: educational-balanced scorecard solutions for regional Australian cities
Forbes, Linda
Hamilton, John
There is an international student market suitable for regional Australia, but each region is different. Hence, each region must determine, target and niche market to its best potential international student customer base. For international education there remains scant, relevant, data for regional Australia, hence complete regional approaches to international education must be developed.
The Cairns region has developed an international education student model for regional Australia. This approach delineates ideas, pitfalls, structures, strategic directions, dos and don'ts, and future strategies for a region.
A balanced scorecard approach ensures that both financial rewards and visionary strategies are coordinated. This approach also offers a vital pathway to delivering regional strategies, and to mapping, measuring and quantifying their results. It produces a spiral knowledge-growth, learning model that can deliver rapid and continuous development of educationally related ideas. Moreover, this approach is a pathway to continuous improvement, and a further move towards maintaining a competitive position in the dynamic global marketspace of international education.
Shannon Research Press
2004-12
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/310/1/Forbes_Hamilton_Paper.pdf
http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/iej/articles/v5n4/forbes/paper.pdf
Forbes, Linda, and Hamilton, John (2004) Building an international student market: educational-balanced scorecard solutions for regional Australian cities. International Education Journal, 5 (4). pp. 502-520.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/310/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:311
2011-02-13T15:43:31Z
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A fruit tree with a future: Dacryodes edulis (Safou, the African Plum)
A B Academic Publishers
Schreckenberg, Kathrin
Leakey, Roger R. B.
Kengue, Joseph
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/311/1/%2801%29Cover_setting.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/311/2/%2802%29Page_i.pdf
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/311/3/%2804%29Editorial.pdf
UNSPECIFIED (2002) A fruit tree with a future: Dacryodes edulis (Safou, the African Plum). Forest, Trees and Livelihoods, 12 (1-2).
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/311/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:313
2023-08-03T19:33:28Z
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Peripheral tourism development: challenges, issues and success factors
Moscardo, Gianna
While tourism has been widely used as a tool for economic development in peripheral regions for many decades, it has been suggested that the actual practice of tourism development is not usually informed by the planning approaches proposed by academics. One of the reasons put forward for this gap between proposed planing systems and actual planning practice is that there has been a lack of inductive research into actual practice. The broad aim of the research reported in this paper was to use inductive approaches to better understand actual tourism development practices in peripheral regions. The research involved reviewing a sample of case studies of tourism development in peripheral regions and using the results of this review to build a conceptual scheme of the major factors and processes that occur in tourism development practice. The analysis of the 40 case studies revealed ten major themes. These themes were used to develop a preliminary conceptual scheme of peripheral region tourism development. This conceptual scheme was then used to offer suggested future directions for research into, and management of, peripheral region tourism development.
Centre for Tourism Research and Development
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/313/1/peripheral_touirsm.pdf
http://www.trrworld.org/peripheral_tourism.html
Moscardo, Gianna (2005) Peripheral tourism development: challenges, issues and success factors. Tourism Recreation Research, 30 (1). pp. 27-43.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/313/
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Developing a typology for understanding visiting friends and relatives markets
Moscardo, Gianna
Pearce, Philip
Morrison, Alastair
Green, David
O'Leary, Joseph T.
This study seeks to classify visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel and to explore the linkage between VFR travel types and commercial tourism in an empirical study. The VFR phenomenon is multifaceted, making it hard to integrate research findings. This article proposes an initial typology of VFR travel and positions the major existing studies within this typology. Using data from Queensland, Australia, an examination is made of the relationships between the proposed variables and VFR travel and behavior patterns. The data set gave the researchers the ability to identify VFR as either a prime trip motive or one of a set of activities or regional attractions. The study provides an activities-based segmentation of this type of VFR traveler and attempts to connect different segments to both travel patterns and the variables in the proposed typology.
Sage Publications
2000-02
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/314/1/JTR-VFR.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800307
Moscardo, Gianna, Pearce, Philip, Morrison, Alastair, Green, David, and O'Leary, Joseph T. (2000) Developing a typology for understanding visiting friends and relatives markets. Journal of Travel Research, 38 (3). pp. 251-259.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/314/
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2023-08-03T19:33:28Z
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Shopping as a destination attraction: an empirical examination of the role of shopping in tourists' destination choice and experience
Moscardo, Gianna
Shopping as a tourist activity has only recently been subjected to academic analysis and discussion. Tp date much of the published literature is focussed on shopping as an activity. The present paper reports on a survey of 1,630 tourists to a popular Australian tourist destination. The present study extended previous research by studying shopping as a factor in destination choice with a sample of both shoppers and non-shoppers, and with the aim of understanding the role of shopping in the total destination experience. Four types of shopper were identified based on a combination of the importance of shopping in destination choice and actual participation in shopping activities. These four groups were then compared and profiled on a series of socio-demographic, travel behaviour, destination choice, activity participation and attraction visitation variables. The paper then examines the links between these findings and previous research results before discussing the impliations of the results for both management and marketing of the destination and for developing a model to explain tourist's shopping behaviour.
Sage Publications
2004-10-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/315/1/Shopping-JVM.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676670401000402
Moscardo, Gianna (2004) Shopping as a destination attraction: an empirical examination of the role of shopping in tourists' destination choice and experience. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10 (4). pp. 294-307.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/315/
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Attempting suicide and help-seeking behaviours: using stories from young people to inform social work practice
Gair, Susan
Camilleri, Peter
In recent decades, Australia has recorded one of the highest youth suicide rates worldwide. Attempted suicide is considered to be up to 50 times more common than completed suicides. This small, qualitative study, undertaken in North Queensland, aimed to offer a window into young people's lives concerning their suicide attempt(s) & their help-seeking behaviors. In-depth interviews were undertaken with nine young people. Findings reveal help was sought from a range of individuals prior to the attempt, including family, friends, & professional workers. Regarding their attempts, there was evidence in some stories of a series of events leading up to the attempt, but also evidence in others of more impulsive acts. The intent of the attempt for this sample appeared to be unique to individual attempts. Getting information about depression, & workers listening to young people's unique story was important & workers, who could fill a 'mate' role, was viewed by some participants as helpful. 30 References. Adapted from the source document.
Wiley-Blackwell
2003-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/319/1/gair_2.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0312-407X.2003.00064.x
Gair, Susan, and Camilleri, Peter (2003) Attempting suicide and help-seeking behaviours: using stories from young people to inform social work practice. Australian Social Work, 56 (2). pp. 83-93.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/319/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:320
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Pearls, pith, and provocation. In the thick of it: a reflective tale from an Australian social worker/qualitative researcher
Gair, Susan
Engagement in qualitative research incorporating feminist principles means that researchers must view themselves within the research boundaries and actively render transparent their own research experiences. This researcher explored motherhood with 50 adoptive mothers across Queensland, Australia. This article describes in detail her motivation for undertaking the study and some of her personal thoughts about, and experiences with, qualitative, feminist, women-centered research.
Sage Publications
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/320/1/gair_1.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732302012001010
Gair, Susan (2002) Pearls, pith, and provocation. In the thick of it: a reflective tale from an Australian social worker/qualitative researcher. Qualitative Health Research, 12 (1). pp. 130-139.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/320/
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What's stopping them? exploring barriers hindering Indigenous Australians from completing a social work degree at a regional Queensland university
Gair, Susan
Thomson, Jane
Savage, Dorothy
[Extract] Indigenous Australians continue to be seriously underrepresented in our public university system. The primary aim of the study described in this paper was to identify barriers inhibiting Indigenous Australians from completing a Bachelor of Social Work at James Cook University. Findings reveal significant barriers, presented here as profound difficulties, privileged knowledge, lack of recognition of prior learning and lack of support.
Australian Association for Social Work and Welfare Education
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/321/1/321_Gair_et_al...2005.pdf
http://www.aaswwe.asn.au/journal/default.htm
Gair, Susan, Thomson, Jane, and Savage, Dorothy (2005) What's stopping them? exploring barriers hindering Indigenous Australians from completing a social work degree at a regional Queensland university. Advances in Social Work and Welfare Education, 7 (1). pp. 54-66.
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Targeting of a tropomyosin isoform to short microfilaments associated with the Golgi complex
Percival , Justin M.
Hughes, Julie A. I.
Brown, Darren L.
Schevzov, Galina
Heimann, Kirsten
Vrhovski, Bernadette
Bryce, Nicole
Stow , Jennifer L.
Gunning, Peter W.
A growing body of evidence suggests that the Golgi complex contains an actin-based filament system. We have previously reported that one or more isoforms from the tropomyosin gene Tm5NM (also known as gamma-Tm), but not from either the alpha- or beta-Tm genes, are associated with Golgi-derived vesicles (Heimann et al., (1999). J. Biol. Chem. 274, 10743-10750). We now show that Tm5NM-2 is sorted specifically to the Golgi complex, whereas Tm5NM-1, which differs by a single alternatively spliced internal exon, is incorporated into stress fibers. Tm5NM-2 is localized to the Golgi complex consistently throughout the G1 phase of the cell cycle and it associates with Golgi membranes in a brefeldin A-sensitive and cytochalasin D-resistant manner. An actin antibody, which preferentially reacts with the ends of microfilaments, newly reveals a population of short actin filaments associated with the Golgi complex and particularly with Golgi-derived vesicles. Tm5NM-2 is also found on these short microfilaments. We conclude that an alternative splice choice can restrict the sorting of a tropomyosin isoform to short actin filaments associated with Golgi-derived vesicles. Our evidence points to a role for these Golgi-associated microfilaments in vesicle budding at the level of the Golgi complex.
American Society for Cell Biology
2004-01
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/323/1/heimann_4.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E03-03-0176
Percival , Justin M., Hughes, Julie A. I., Brown, Darren L., Schevzov, Galina, Heimann, Kirsten, Vrhovski, Bernadette, Bryce, Nicole, Stow , Jennifer L., and Gunning, Peter W. (2004) Targeting of a tropomyosin isoform to short microfilaments associated with the Golgi complex. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 15 (1). pp. 268-280.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/323/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:324
2024-02-28T14:42:15Z
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The GRIP domain is a specific targeting sequence for a population of trans-Golgi network derived tubulo-vesicular carriers
Brown, Darren L.
Heimann, Kirsten
Lock, John
Kjer-Nielsen, Lars
van Vliet, Catherine
Stow, Jennifer L.
Gleeson, Paul A.
Vesicular carriers for intracellular transport associate with unique sets of accessory molecules that dictate budding and docking on specific membrane domains. Although many of these accessory molecules are peripheral membrane proteins, in most cases the targeting sequences responsible for their membrane recruitment have yet to be identified. We have previously defined a novel Golgi targeting domain (GRIP) shared by a family of coiled-coil peripheral membrane Golgi proteins implicated in membrane trafficking. We show here that the docking site for the GRIP motif of p230 is a specific domain of Golgi. membranes. By immunoelectron microscopy of HeLa cells stably expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-p230(GRIP) fusion protein, we show binding specifically to a subset of membranes of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Real-time imaging of live HeLa cells revealed that the GFP-p230(GRIP) was associated with highly dynamic tubular extensions of the TGN, which have the appearance and behaviour of transport carriers. To further define the nature of the GRIP membrane binding site, in vitro budding assays were performed using purified rat liver Golgi membranes and cytosol from GFP-p230(GRIP) transfected cells. Analysis of Golgi-derived vesicles by sucrose gradient fractionation demonstrated that GFP-p230(GRIP) binds to a specific population of vesicles distinct from those labelled for beta -COP or gamma -adaptin. The GFP-p230(GRIP) fusion protein is recruited to the same vesicle population as full-length p230, demonstrating that the GRIP domain is solely proficient as a targeting signal for membrane binding of the native molecule. Therefore, p230 GRIP is a targeting signal for recruitment to a highly selective membrane attachment site on a specific population of trans-Golgi network tubulovesicular carriers.
Munksgaard
2001-05
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/324/1/heimann_3.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.002005336.x
Brown, Darren L., Heimann, Kirsten, Lock, John, Kjer-Nielsen, Lars, van Vliet, Catherine, Stow, Jennifer L., and Gleeson, Paul A. (2001) The GRIP domain is a specific targeting sequence for a population of trans-Golgi network derived tubulo-vesicular carriers. Traffic, 2 (5). pp. 336-344.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/324/
openpub
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:325
2024-02-27T15:12:40Z
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Effects of metals and organic contaminants on the recovery of bioluminescence in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula (Dinophyceae)
Heimann, Kirsten
Matuszewski, Jaquelyn M.
Klerks, Paul L.
Pyrocystis lunula Schutt is a unicellular photoautotrophic dinoflagellate, commonly found in marine environments, displaying circadian-controlled bioluminescence. Because of this species' characteristics, effects of pollutants on bioluminescence in P. lunula may make for an easy and simple bioassay that would be valuable for toxicity testing and the protection of coastal resources. This study therefore investigated the short-term effects of metals and organic pollutants on the recovery of the bioluminescent potential in P. lunula. Recovery of bioluminescence was strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by all reference contaminants tested, the system being most sensitive to copper and cadmium (4-h IC50 s 0.96 and 1.18 muM, respectively), followed by phenanthrene, lead, SDS, and nickel (4-h IC50 s 1.64, 12.8, 15.6, and 73.1 muM, respectively), whereas relatively high concentrations of phenol were needed to elicit a response (4-h IC50 1.64 mM). Except for exposure to lead and nickel, the inhibitory effects of cadmium, copper, and all organic pollutants were reversible, with P. lunula recovering 80%-100% of its bioluminescence potential after a period of 72 h in uncontaminated medium. Our results show that the restoration of bioluminescence in P. lunula is sensitive to the reference contaminants tested and obtains highly reproducible results.
Wiley-Blackwell
2002-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/325/1/heimann_2.pdf
Heimann, Kirsten, Matuszewski, Jaquelyn M., and Klerks, Paul L. (2002) Effects of metals and organic contaminants on the recovery of bioluminescence in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 38 (3). pp. 482-492.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/325/
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2024-02-28T14:42:17Z
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Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint
Craig, J.M.
Klerks, Paul
Heimann, Kirsten R.M.
Waits, J.L.
Pyrocystis lunula is a unicellular, marine, photoautotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate. This organism is used in the Lumitox((R)) bioassay with inhibition of bioluminescence re-establishment as the endpoint. Experiments determined if acute changes in pH, salinity, or temperature had an effect on the organisms' ability to re-establish bioluminescence, or on the bioassay's potential to detect sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and copper toxicity. The re-establishment of bioluminescence itself was not very sensitive to changes in pH within the pH 6-10 range, though reducing pH from 8 to levels below 6 decreased this capacity. Increasing the pH had little effect on Cu or SDS toxicity, but decreasing the pH below 7 virtually eliminated the toxicity of either compound in the bioassay. Lowering the salinity from 33 to 27parts per thousand or less resulted in a substantial decrease in re-establishment of bioluminescence, while increasing the salinity to 43 or 48 parts per thousand resulted in a small decline. Salinity had little influence on the bioassay's quantification of Cu toxicity, while the data showed a weak negative relationship between SDS toxicity and salinity. Re-establishment of bioluminescence showed a direct dependence on temperature, but only at 10 degreesC did temperature have an obvious effect on the toxicity of Cu. in this bioassay.
2003
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/326/1/heimann_1.pdf
Craig, J.M., Klerks, Paul, Heimann, Kirsten R.M., and Waits, J.L. (2003) Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint. Environmental Pollution, 125 (2). pp. 267-275.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/326/
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2023-08-03T19:33:28Z
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Exploring change in Asia Pacific tourism markets
Moscardo, Gianna
Predicted changes in patterns of tourism and tourist markets are commonplace in the tourism management literature. Yet few studies have explored either the validity of these predictions or how they might influence tourist behaviour at the destination itself. This paper seeks to address this gap by exploring changes in different geographic markets to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia over a five year period from 1996-2001. The results of the analyses of more than 4100 surveys indicated that only a few of the predicted trends in tourism applied to this destination. Further, changes over time were found to differ significantly between the five groups. A preliminary conceptual model is presented to describe how general trends may be influenced by the geographic origin of visitors to produce unique patterns of tourism at the destination.
Asia Pacific Tourism Association
Chon, Kaye
Hsu, Cathy
Okamoto, Nobuyuki
2004
Conference Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/327/1/2004_APTA_Proceeding.pdf
Moscardo, Gianna (2004) Exploring change in Asia Pacific tourism markets. In: Proceedings of Asia Pacific Tourism Association Tenth Annual Conference. pp. 369-378. From: Globalization and Tourism Research: East meets West, 4 - 7 July 2004, Nagasaki, Japan.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/327/
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2016-07-26T19:50:16Z
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Gel-based intravascular volume expanders and bleeding after cardiac surgery
Hemli, J
Alizzi, A
Fenton, C
Huang, Y
Peres, P
Steele, M
Dixit, A
Murton, M
2005-10
Conference Item
NonPeerReviewed
word
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/328/1/Gelofusine_abstract_%28Noosa%29%5B1%5D.doc
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/328/2/Gelofusine_abstract_%28Noosa%29%5B1%5D.pdf
Hemli, J, Alizzi, A, Fenton, C, Huang, Y, Peres, P, Steele, M, Dixit, A, and Murton, M (2005) Gel-based intravascular volume expanders and bleeding after cardiac surgery. In: UNSPECIFIED. From: Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australasian Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons, October 2005, Noosa Heads, Australia.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/328/
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oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:330
2024-02-27T15:13:01Z
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Paragonimus skrjabini Chen, 1959 (Digenea: Paragonimidae) and related species in eastern Asia: A combined molecular and morphological approach to identification and taxonomy
Blair, David
Chang, Zhengshan
Chen, Minggang
Cui, Aili
Wu, Bo
Agatsuma, Takeshi
Iwagami, Moritoshi
Corlis, David
Fu, Chengbin
Zhan, Ximei
A molecular and morphometric investigation is reported on the species complex of mammalian lungflukes of which Paragonimus skrjabini Chen, 1959 and P. miyazakii Kamo, Nishida, Hatsushika & Tomimura, 1961 are the best-known examples. This species complex (here called the P. skrjabini complex) is shown to be monophyletic using DNA sequences from the nuclear ITS2 region and the mitochondrial cox1 gene. The latter marker permits the discrimination of populations, some previously named
as distinct species, from various geographical locations in China and Japan. Morphometric analysis of a number of variables accords remarkably closely with the molecular results. Main findings are that: (1) nominal P. skrjabini from Fujian Province in eastern China is phylogenetically very close to P. miyazakii from Japan. It is proposed that both taxa should be referred to the same subspecies as P. skrjabini miyazakii. (2) Populations from Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan and Hubei should be referred to P. skrjabini skrjabini. Specimens of P. skrjabini from the Yangtze basin in
Sichuan and Hubei are remarkably similar to one another according to genetic and morphometric data, but are not so different from Guangdong populations that they should be referred to a different subspecies at this stage. Specimens of P. skrjabini from Yunnan have not been assigned to a subspecies at this stage. (3) Partly following earlier studies, we regard the following
as synonyms of P. skrjabini: P. miyazakii (reduced to subspecific status); P. szechuanensis Chung & Tsao, 1962 (probably belongs to P. s. skrjabini); and P. hueitungensis Chung, Hsu, Ho, Kao, Shao, Chiu, Pi, Liu, Ouyang, Shen, Yi & Yao, 1975(probably belongs to P. s. skrjabini); P. veocularis (Chen & Li, 1979) (specimens from Fujian regarded as belonging to this species should be referred to P. skrjabini miyazakii: the subspecific status of specimens from the type-locality in northern Sichuan is unclear). A number of questions remain unresolved. The name P. hokuoensis Ho & Chung, 1964 was proposed for two individual metacercariae of distinctive appearance from southern Yunnan. DNA sequences from very similar metacercariae from the same locality place this nominal species within, or sister to, the P. skrjabini complex. As yet, nothing is known regarding adult morphology or biology of this taxon and we retain it here as a distinct species. P. heterorchis (Zhou, Pang &
Hsiang, 1982) might be a synonym of P. skrjabini: the form of the metacercaria provides evidence against this view and further work is required. P. macrorchis Chen, 1962 has probably been confused with P. skrjabini in China. Within China, the former probably occurs only on Hainan Island, although P. fukienensis Tang & Tang, 1962 from Fujian Province could be a synonym.
Springer
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/330/1/Blair_et_al_-_P_skrjabini.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-004-1378-5
Blair, David, Chang, Zhengshan, Chen, Minggang, Cui, Aili, Wu, Bo, Agatsuma, Takeshi, Iwagami, Moritoshi, Corlis, David, Fu, Chengbin, and Zhan, Ximei (2005) Paragonimus skrjabini Chen, 1959 (Digenea: Paragonimidae) and related species in eastern Asia: A combined molecular and morphological approach to identification and taxonomy. Systematic Parasitology, 60 (1). pp. 1-21.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/330/
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2019-03-04T19:38:06Z
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Foliar concentration of a single toxin creates habitat patchiness for a marsupial folivore
Lawler, Ivan R
Foley, William J
Eschler, Bart M
We examined intraspecific variation in susceptibility to herbivory by common ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) for two species of Eucalyptus, E. polyanthemos and E. sideroxylon, and the chemical basis for that variation. Using a no-choice protocol, we observed dry matter intakes by common ringtail possums ranging from 3.28 to 44 g.kg body mass-0.75.d-1 for E. polyanthemos and 2.4 to 67 g.kg body mass-0.75.d-1 for E. sideroxylon. We investigated, using correlative analyses, the relationships between dry matter intake and a range of foliage chemical characteristics, including measures of nutritional quality (total nitrogen, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin, in vitro dry matter digestibility) and plant secondary chemistry (total phenolics, condensed tannins, cyanogenic glycosides, terpenes and sideroxylonal, a recently identified Eucalyptus toxin). Significant relationships were identified only for terpenes (and 1,8-cineole in particular) and sideroxylonal. Bioassay experiments confirmed that the foliar concentration of sideroxylonal alone was sufficient to explain the variation observed. To enable a field study of variation in foliar sideroxylonal and dry matter intake by possums of E. polyanthemos, we developed calibrations of both variables against the Near Infrared spectra of foliage samples. Acceptable calibration equations were developed and we applied these to samples collected from a number of E. polyanthemos individuals within an area approximating the home range size of common ringtail possums. We found that foliar sideroxylonal varied from nil to 12.6 mg/g, and predicted dry matter intakes by possums ranged from nil to 42.8 g.kg body mass-0.75.d-1. We conclude that significant patchiness in nutritional quality of foliage, resulting from variation in foliar concentrations of a single compound, exists at a scale relevant to the feeding decisions of individual animals.
Ecological Society of America
2000
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/331/1/lawler_1.pdf
Lawler, Ivan R, Foley, William J, and Eschler, Bart M (2000) Foliar concentration of a single toxin creates habitat patchiness for a marsupial folivore. Ecology, 81 (5). pp. 1327-1338.
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Aerial surveys and the potential biological removal technique indicate that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is unsustainable
Marsh, Helene
Lawler, Ivan R
Kwan, Donna
Delean, Steve
Pollock, Kenneth
Alldredge, Matthew
The globally significant dugong population of Torres Strait supports an important indigenous fishery for meat
and oil. The fishery is protected by the Torres Strait Treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea. A time
series of aerial survey estimates from 1987–2001 confirms that there is considerable temporal variability in
the size of the dugong population in the region and adds to a growing body of evidence from other aerial
surveys and satellite tracking that dugongs undertake large-scale movements associated with temporal and
spatial changes in the distribution of their seagrass food. The magnitude of these effects on both the size
of the population and the catch cannot be disaggregated from the effects of population depletion from overharvesting.
The Potential Biological Removal method was used in conjunction with the aerial survey data to
estimate sustainable anthropogenic mortality from all causes for a range of empirically-derived estimates of
dugong life-history parameters. These estimates of a sustainable harvest are so far below the current harvest
that it must be unsustainable. Governments should heed the Islanders’ requests for assistance in implementing
co-management of the fishery as a matter of urgency.
Zoological Society of London
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/332/1/ANIMAL_CONS.2000_7_435-443.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943004001635
Marsh, Helene, Lawler, Ivan R, Kwan, Donna, Delean, Steve, Pollock, Kenneth, and Alldredge, Matthew (2004) Aerial surveys and the potential biological removal technique indicate that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is unsustainable. Animal Conservation, 7. pp. 435-443.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/332/
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2024-02-27T15:13:07Z
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Near infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive means of dietary analysis for a marine herbivore, dugong Dugong dugon
André, Jessica
Lawler, Ivan R.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the botanical composition of seagrass mixtures in the stomach contents of dugongs more rapidly and cost-effectively than by conventional means. NIRS estimation of dietary composition is achieved by developing calibration equations that relate NIR spectra of samples to laboratory derived values for botanical composition. Once calibration equations have been developed, these characteristics can be estimated for further samples from their spectra alone. We developed calibration equations using samples from the stomachs of 26 dugongs (from a total data set of 128 dugongs) and validated them against a further set of 14 stomach samples. Nine dietary components were identified, 5 of which made up less than 5% of the total diet. Acceptable calibrations were obtained for the major components of dugong diets: seagrass rhizomes (pooled across all species) and the leaves of the seagrasses
Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium and Cymodocea species. We did not attain satisfactory calibrations for minor (<10%) dietary components. NIRS is a valid method for obtaining rapid information on the main components of the dugong diet. With larger calibration sets and fresh samples it should also be able to provide information on minor dietary components. NIRS is applicable to dietary studies of marine herbivores and should thus be of value to marine ecologists generally.
Inter-Research
2003-08-07
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/333/1/MEPS_2003_257_259-266.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps257259
André, Jessica, and Lawler, Ivan R. (2003) Near infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive means of dietary analysis for a marine herbivore, dugong Dugong dugon. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 257. pp. 259-266.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/333/
open
oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:334
2023-03-10T17:00:39Z
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Diet selection in marsupial folivores of Eucalyptus: the role of plant secondary metabolites
Foley, W.J.
Lawler, I.R.
Moore, B.D.
Marsh, K.J.
Wallis, I.R.
Past efforts to explain feeding by eucalypt folivores focussed on three groups of plant secondary metabolites – phenolics, tannins and terpenes. It is yet unkownn if these compounds consistently limit the food available to marsupial folivores or whether they provide a better explanation of food choice or habitat quality than do nutrient concentrations alone. Recently, the formylated phloroglucinolc compounds were shown to defend many eucalypts against the marsupial browsers. This discovery has enhanced our understanding of the interaction between marsupial folivores and Eucalyptus while elaborating its complexity. Some informal subgenera of Eucalyptus, such as Monocalyptus, appear to lack formylated phloroglucinol compounds while others (e.g. Symphyomyrtus) contain a wide variety. Of most importance ecologically, is the huge variation in formylated phloroglucinol compounds between individual trees within species, even within a small area. This makes it impossible to generalize about “food trees” across species. The concentrations of formylated phloroglucinol compounds and terpenes in foliage are positively correlated. It appears that folivores use smell to gauge terpene concentrations and hence that of formylated phloroglucinol compounds, and thus avoid the foliage of some trees and feed from others. Thereafter, a physiological feedback mechanism, involving the emetic system, keeps the dose of formylated phloroglucinol compounds below a threshold. This understanding of formylated phloroglucinol compounds makes it pertinent to re-evaluate the roles of other plant secondary metabolites, particularly tannins, in marsupial feeding. However, the greatest challenge ahead is to extrapolate the results of feeding experiments with captive animals to predicaments of wild marsupial folivores. Near infrared spectroscopy provides a way of measuring formylated phloroglucinol compounds concentrations in samples from hundreds of trees. Preliminary research suggests that it may be possible to measure formylated phloroglucinol compounds at the landscape scale with remote sensing.
Surrey Beatty & Sons
Goldingay, Ross L.
Jackson, Stephen M.
2004-09
Book Chapter
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/334/1/334_Foley_et_al_2004.pdf
image/jpeg
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/334/2/1680_Winter_et_al_2004.jpg
Foley, W.J., Lawler, I.R., Moore, B.D., Marsh, K.J., and Wallis, I.R. (2004) Diet selection in marsupial folivores of Eucalyptus: the role of plant secondary metabolites. In: Goldingay, Ross L., and Jackson, Stephen M., (eds.) The Biology of Australian Possums and Gliders. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia, pp. 207-221.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/334/
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2024-02-28T14:41:38Z
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Two new classes of conopeptides inhibit the alpha1-adrenoceptor and noradrenaline transporter
Sharpe, Iain A.
Gehrmann, John
Loughnan, Marion L.
Thomas, Linda
Adams, Denise A.
Atkins, Ann
Palant, Elka
Alewood, Paul F.
Craik, David J.
Adams, David J
Lewis, Richard J.
Cone snails use venom containing a cocktail of peptides ('conopeptides') to capture their prey. Many of these peptides also target mammalian receptors, often with exquisite selectivity. Here we report the discovery of two new classes of conopeptides. One class targets alpha1-adrenoceptors (rho-TIA from the fish-hunting Conus tulipa), and the second class targets the neuronal noradrenaline transporter (chi-MrIA and chi-MrIB from the mollusk-hunting C. marmoreus). rho-TIA and chi-MrIA selectively modulate these important membrane-bound proteins. Both peptides act as reversible non-competitive inhibitors and provide alternative avenues for the identification of inhibitor drugs
2001-09
Article
PeerReviewed
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https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/338/1/MrIA2001.pdf
Sharpe, Iain A., Gehrmann, John, Loughnan, Marion L., Thomas, Linda, Adams, Denise A., Atkins, Ann, Palant, Elka, Alewood, Paul F., Craik, David J., Adams, David J, and Lewis, Richard J. (2001) Two new classes of conopeptides inhibit the alpha1-adrenoceptor and noradrenaline transporter. Nature neuroscience, 4 (9). pp. 902-907.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/338/
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