Direct simulation of impinging plane fountains in a homogeneous fluid

Abstract

In this paper we present the behaviour of plane fountains, injected into a homogeneous fluid of lower density, impinging on a ceiling. The transient behaviour of the impinging fountain with Reynolds number 100 ≤ Re ≤ 1000, Prandtl number Pr=7, and Froude number Fr = 4 and 5 is studied by direct numerical simulation using a fractional-step solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. When a vertical fountain impinges on a ceiling it spreads until gravity forces it to fall. The results show that the spreading distance is dependent on the source Froude number and independent of Reynolds number for range studied.