Ecohydrology modeling: tools for management

Abstract

Models are recognized as important and necessary tools for understanding complex environmental processes. They allow us to test hypothesis in a systematic manner, predict the future behavior of ecosystems, and, thus, assist in better management of the environment. The modeling task can be addressed by various approaches. This chapter presents applications of ecohydrology models to coastal ecosystems, including various approaches that can be used model formulation. Theoretical (knowledge-driven), empirical (data-driven), and hybrid approaches to modeling are demonstrated in case studies focusing on quantifying the ecosystem health of the Guadiana Estuary in Portugal, the Lagoon of Venice in Italy, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and the Adriatic Sea.