Al Shakarji, Reza, He, Yinghe, and Gregory, Simon (2011) The sizing of oxygen bubbles in copper electrowinning. Hydrometallurgy, 109 (1-2). 23. pp. 168-174.

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Abstract

Oxygen bubbles are formed on the anode in the copper electrowinning process. Burst of the bubbles produces acid mist in the tankhouse. While it is well acknowledged that the amount of acid mist is related to the size of the bubble, no systematic measurements have been made to quantify bubble size and its relationship with materials and process variables. This paper presents results of bubble size measurement under different operating conditions. For each of the operating conditions tested, bubbles were detected in a wide size distribution ranging from 20 μm to more than 400 μm in diameter. Statistical analyses on the measurement results showed that addition of FC-1100, a surfactant widely used in copper electrowinning to suppress acid mist, and solution temperature were the two most influential test parameters on the bubble size followed by the age of the anode. In contrast, current density and solution acidity had negligible effect.

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