Natural control of fouling in biofouling

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to highlight the diversity and complexity of the natural defence mechanisms that control biofouling in marine organisms. We have selected examples and case studies to provide an overview of the impacts of biofouling on organisms and the effectiveness of a range of defence mechanisms that prevent or reduce biofouling. The focus of this chapter is on the natural control of macrofouling organisms given this reflects the majority of work on the natural control of biofouling to date, acknowledging the growing body of literature on defences against bacteria, biofilms and pathogens. We also identify, where we can, the potential to further our understanding of the complexity of defence mechanisms and their potential synergies.